Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

青藏高原短居人群缺氧风险性评价

青藏高原具有鲜明的高寒缺氧的气象特征,对短居人群的健康有严重影响,从自然地理的角度研究青藏高原缺氧风险对地方发展与缺氧政策制定具有重要意义。基于2021年7月采集青藏高原不同海拔地区的气压、含氧量和短居人群的血氧饱和度等数据,建立了海拔与血氧饱和度的关系,绘制了青藏高原短居缺氧空间分布图。结果表明：(1)随着海拔的升高,绝对含氧量线性下降(y=-0.0325x+280.45,n=70,r²=0.94),绝对含氧量与海拔呈线性关系。(2)随着海拔的升高,血氧饱和度呈指数下降,缺氧风险呈指数上升(y=104-0.68×e^0.35x+1.77,n=70,r²=0.57)。(3)根据血氧饱和度与海拔高度的关系,青藏高原缺氧低风险区、缺氧中风险区和缺氧高风险区占青藏高原总面积比分别为10.6%、32.0%和57.4%,其中低风险区主要分布在青海东北部、柴达木盆地和林芝市以南,中风险区分布在青海西北部、西藏东部山地和青藏高原河流谷地,高风险区主要分布在藏北高原无人区和喜马拉雅山系附近。     

B19 单倍型鸡 BNK 蛋白单克隆抗体的制备

摘要: 目的 体外构建稳定表达鸡自然杀伤细胞( Natural killer,NK) BNK 蛋白的细胞系,制备 BNK 蛋白的单克隆抗体,为鸡 BNK 蛋白及 NK 细胞的研究提供便利。方法 利用 BNK19 原核表达产物免疫 BALB/c 小鼠,体外稳定表达疫病敏感性 B19 单倍型鸡 BNK 蛋白( BNK19) 的真核细胞系筛选单克隆抗体。结果 用稳定表达 BNK 蛋白的真核细胞系筛选到 2 株 BNK19 特异性单克隆抗体。结论 获得的单克隆抗体经鉴定具有免疫学活性,为鸡 BNK 蛋白及 NK 细胞的作用机制研究提供了条件。     

鸡survivin重组腺病毒载体的构建和体外表达

根据GenBank中鸡survivin cDNA序列,设计引物,从鸡胚组织提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增鸡survivin全长cDNA,经T-A克隆后插入腺病毒穿梭载体、骨架载体,构建腺病毒重组质粒,转染293E4pIX细胞,构建鸡survivin重组腺病毒.T-A克隆的测序结果与GenBank中鸡survivin cDNA完全一致.限制性内切酶分析和PCR表明腺病毒质粒携带survivin基因,Western blot证实重组腺病毒正确表达survivin,survivin基因已被成功重组到腺病毒基因组.     

人血红蛋白β链氨基酸对的变异模式

根据氨基酸对可预测性分析人血红蛋白β链的244个变异,以确定哪些氨基酸对对变异更敏感。结果发现4种变异模式：（1）85.66%的变异发生在不可预测的氨基酸对,（2）绝大多数被替换掉的氨基酸对中包含一个或两个氨基酸对它们的实际频率大于预测频率,（3）79.51%的变异中被替换出的氨基酸对包含一个或两个在正常人β血红蛋白中不存在的氨基酸对,（4）大多数变异缩小了氨基酸对实际频率与预测频率之差。说明变异通常导致人血红蛋白β链的构成更随机、更稳定。     

High frequency of p53 intronic point mutations in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Intronic point mutations are rare and totally unknown for human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). To explore the relationship of p53 gene intronic mutation to the development of human LSCC, DNA was extracted from both tumor tissues and matched normal tissues of 55 patients with LSCC in northeast of China. Polymerase chain reaction amplification-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with silver staining and DNA direct sequencing were used to detect mutations in exons 7～8 (p53E7 and p53E8) and introns 7～8 (p53I7 and p53I8) of p53 gene. The p53E7 mutation was detected in 17 out of 55 patients, and the p53I7 mutation in 21 patients. No mutation was found at p53E8 or p53I8 site. The difference between tumor group and paired normal group on the rates of both p53E7 and p53I7 mutations was statistically significant. The rate of p53I7 mutations in tumor tissue was higher than that of normal tissue, and so was that of p53E7. Sequence analysis revealed that most p53I7 mutations were at the nucleotides in the branch point sequence or the polypyrimidine tract in the 3′-splice acceptor site of the intron 7. The high incidence of p53 gene intronic mutation in LSCC indicates that genetic changes within the noncoding region of the p53 gene may serve as an alternative mechanism of activating the pathogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mutations in the noncoding region of this gene should be further studied.     

NPY基因SNPs与鸡屠体性状的关联分析

利用PCR-SSCP法对AA肉鸡、仙居鸡(兼用型)和罗曼蛋鸡神经肽Y(NPY)基因全序列进行了单核苷酸多态(SNPs)检测.在基因内含子2中发现了5个紧密连锁的碱基变异位点:T2623C,C2704T,T2776G,T2787C和A2821G,这5个位点以单倍型的方式在突变基因型个体中遗传;各品种间NPY 基因AA野生型、AB杂合型和BB突变型基因及基因型频率分布差异极显著(P<0.01);基因型对鸡腹脂率、腿肌率及肝重有显著影响,BB基因型个体的腹脂率、腿肌率显著高于AA型和AB型,AB型个体的肝重显著高于AA型和BB型.因此,NPY基因可能是影响鸡脂肪沉积和屠体性状的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁.     

眼皮肤白化病患者的TYR基因突变类型初步研究

目的:对临床诊断为眼皮肤白化病(OCA)患者的TYR基因进行突变筛查,以了解我国大陆OCA患者TYR基因突变类型。方法:应用PCR技术扩增患者及其父母的TYR基因外显子、外显子-内含子交界区及启动子区,以DNA序列测定技术进行突变筛查与鉴定。结果:在8名患者的16个TYR等位基因内,查明9种突变;其中错义突变4种(R77Q、E294K、R299H和W 400L),无义突变2种(R116X和R278X),插入突变2种(929 insC和232 insGGG),剪切位点突变1种(IVS1-3 C>G)。结论:W 400L、R299H分别占本研究所检出全部OCA1突变等位基因的31.3%(5/16)和18.8%(3/16),可能为中国大陆人群中较常见的TYR基因突变类型。     

生火问题与高山反应

1938年,R.Emden写了一篇短评:"冬天为什么要生火?"根据原文的计算条件,计算有关参量.注意到:开启加热装置后的房间,气压不变,分子密度减少,房间内的人无高山反应症状.在高海拔地区,气压降低,分子密度减少,存在出现高山反应症状的人群.所以,我们认为高山反应是由气压降低引起.基于此提出一种消除高山反应的方法:在胸部套上一个宽度与胸部高度相等的环形松紧带.将这一推论扩展到水下环境中可知,水压可能影响鱼鳃的功能及其他水生物的呼吸器官的功能,水压的升高可能对水中氧气的缺乏有弥补作用.     

高海拔地区室内富氧浓度安全试验研究

室内富氧可以改善人在高海拔地区的缺氧状况,同时也会带来火灾危险,室内富氧的安全控制已成为重要的研究课题.文章对高海拔地区室内环境富氧条件下滤纸的燃烧速度和安全富氧浓度上限进行了试验研究,并对高海拔地区的富氧安全问题进行了分析.结果表明,在不同海拔地区,室内环境维持相同的氧分压时,滤纸的燃烧速度会随着海拔的升高而显著增加,如果不考虑当地的海拔高度而只以氧分压作为参考会带来火灾危险,但存在富氧的安全氧浓度上限,该氧浓度上限值与环境压力的关系为Y=27.91×exp(-P/44.78)+20.09;海拔不同,富氧到安全氧浓度上限时所对应的相当海拔也不同,该相当海拔与实际海拔的关系为H’=-0.68841+0.63893H+0.0048H2;在海拔高度低于5.55km的地区,通过对室内环境富氧可以安全地将相当海拔降低到3km以下.     

印刷线路板热分解动力学特性

应用热重法对印刷线路板在不同的氮气／氧气气氛、不同的加热速率条件下的反应动力学进行研究。采用Friedman多个升温速率法分析反应机理,得到了不同氧浓度和加热速率下的反应动力学方程及动力学参数。研究表明：在氧气存在条件下,样品热分解反应分为两个阶段,加热速率的提高使热分解反应推迟,两个阶段反应过程的表观活化能有很大差别,反应分别受不同的化学反应机理控制。     

Vegetational ecotype of the Gyirong Basin in Tibet, China and its response in stable carbon isotopes of mammal tooth enamel

Carbon isotope analysis of modern herbaceous plants in the Gyirong Basin (Tibet, China) indicates that although C3 plants are dominant, C4 plants rarely comprise of the vegetation in the area at 4000 m above sea level. The C4 plants discovered in the Gyirong Basin are Salsola nepalensis of Chenopodiaceae and Pennisetum flaccidum of Gramineae, affirming that C4 plants affected by high solar gain can be distributed at high altitude, which supports the opinion that some C4 plants can exist in areas of high elevation. Carbon isotope analysis of herbivore tooth enamel from the Gyirong Basin indicates that carbon isotopes of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite at high altitude still keep a stable enrichment relationship with those of plants in their diet. Carbon isotopes in tooth enamel are therefore an accurate proxy for vegetation ecotypes and should reflect climatic and environmental features.     

Signal relay by BMP antagonism controls the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop in vertebrate limb buds.

Outgrowth and patterning of the vertebrate limb are controlled by reciprocal interactions between the posterior mesenchyme (polarizing region) and a specialized ectodermal structure, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling by the polarizing region modulates fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4 signalling by the posterior AER, which in turn maintains the polarizing region (SHH/FGF4 feedback loop). Here we report that the secreted bone-morphogenetic-protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin relays the SHH signal from the polarizing region to the AER. Mesenchymal Gremlin expression is lost in limb buds of mouse embryos homozygous for the limb deformity (Id) mutation, which disrupts establishment of the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop. Grafting Gremlin-expressing cells into ld mutant limb buds rescues Fgf4 expression and restores the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop. Analysis of Shh-null mutant embryos reveals that SHH signalling is required for maintenance of Gremlin and Formin (the gene disrupted by the ld mutations). In contrast, Formin, Gremlin and Fgf4 activation are independent of SHH signalling. This study uncovers the cascade by which the SHH signal is relayed from the posterior mesenchyme to the AER and establishes that Formin-dependent activation of the BMP antagonist Gremlin is sufficient to induce Fgf4 and establish the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop.     

西藏宇宙线实验的回顾与展望

文章简要回顾我国宇宙线物理研究的历史,重点介绍了在西藏开展宇宙线实验的发展历程及取得的重要成果,如中日合作甘巴拉山乳胶室实验、中日合作羊八井ASγ实验及中意合作羊八井AR-GO-YBJ实验,并对在西藏开展高海拔宇宙线实验的前景进行了展望。     

基于DEM数据的澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度研究

 澜沧江-湄公河是世界第六大河,流域地形地貌复杂,景观类型多样.作者运用GIS的空间分析和数理统计等方法,基于STRM 90 m×90 m DEM,提取了基于栅格尺度的澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度,并从整体特征、垂直地带性和纬向分布规律3个方面系统分析了澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度的分布规律.研究表明:①澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度以低值为主,63.47%的区域地形起伏度低于1个基准山体(相对高差≤500 m),地形起伏度越高的地区,平地比例越低,反之亦然;②随着海拔高度增加,澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度呈现逐渐升高趋势,在海拔3 500~3 599 m和5 800~5 899 m存在2个峰值,所在区域均位于横断山脉地区;③随着纬度的增高,澜沧江-湄公河流域地形起伏度呈逐渐升高趋势,同时存在5个峰值,纬度由南向北、由低到高分别是12°N、16°N、19°N、25°N和29°N,所处地区分别是柬埔寨的豆蔻山脉、老挝境内的安南山脉南部的丘陵地区、安南山脉中北部、澜沧江中段和南段交汇处、西藏东南角的横断山脉地区.     

高原地区汽油机改装CNG后存在的问题及对策

在高原环境下,测定了汽油机改装成天然气汽车后在不同海拔条件下输出的功率和扭矩,结果显示,随着海拔的升高其动力性能有明显的下降,本文分析了改装CNG汽车在高原地区存在的突出问题及解决办法.     

肉鸡腹水综合征的防制

肉鸡腹水综合征(Ascites sydrome in broilers,ASB)是危害快速生长幼龄肉鸡,以大量浆液性液体蓄积在腹腔为特征的非传染性疾病,该病给肉鸡饲养业造成很大的经济损失。近年来,西昌市肉鸡腹水综合征时有发生,我们先后对10多万只肉鸡进行了该病的综合防制,取得了满意的效果。     

高原低气压环境室内富氧的安全氧气体积分数上限

为了解决高海拔地区的富氧安全问题,通过实验模拟高原低气压环境,研究了滤纸、棉布和涤卡在富氧环境下燃烧速度的变化情况. 由实验可得,氧分压不变时,随着海拔的升高,材料的燃烧速度显著加快. 结果表明,在高海拔地区,富氧到与一个标准大气压中氧分压一致,会产生火灾危险. 通过对实验数据的分析,得出了高原低气压环境下室内富氧的安全氧浓度上限.     

家系数据紧密连锁位点的单体型频率估计

在对单体型进行重构或进行连锁不平衡分析时,往往首先要估计单体型频率.针对家系数据,提出了紧密连锁位点的单体型频率估计方法.利用子代信息减少亲代单体型的不确定性,构建家系数据的似然函数,把家系中的个体潜在的单体型看成缺失数据,采用EM迭代算法,给出了家系数据单体型频率的极大似然估计.其结果表明,家系数据紧密连锁位点的单体型频率估计可通过简单的递归迭代进行,后一步的单体型的频率估计即为前一步的加权单体型频率.