Cr颗粒尺寸对Ni-Cr复合镀层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为影响研究

为了对Cr颗粒尺寸如何影响Ni-Cr复合镀层的电化学腐蚀性能有更深的认识,采用复合电镀技术,通过向普通电镀溶液中分别加入平均粒度约为40nm和1～5μm Cr粉的方法,在Ni基材上制备了2种Cr含量相近的Ni-Cr复合镀层.利用动电位极化及交流阻抗技术对比研究了2种Ni-Cr复合镀层及纯Ni镀层在0.5mol/L NaCl+0.05mol/L H2SO4的酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.实验结果表明:在0.5mol/L NaCl+0.05mol/L H2SO4溶液中, 与微米Cr分布的Ni-Cr复合镀层相比,Ni-Cr纳米复合镀层独特的结构有利于快速形成稳定而又富Cr保护性钝化膜,使得Ni-Cr纳米复合镀层表现出优异的耐蚀性能.     

309不锈钢纳米涂层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

用动电位极化、恒电位极化及交流阻抗技术研究了 309 不锈钢及其溅射纳米涂层在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 和 0.5 mol/L Nacl 0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明,在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层和不锈钢形成的钝化膜的抗腐蚀能力差别较小;而在 0.5 mol/L NaCl 0.05mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层的耐点蚀性能有了很大提高,这是由于纳米化使涂层表面形成的钝化膜更加致密、更加稳定;同时,通过容抗测量研究了纳米涂层和不锈钢钝化膜的电子结构,并提出了相应的腐蚀机制.     

用丝束电极研究SO2-4对纯铝缝隙腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和丝束电极技术测量了纯铝在2mol/L NaCl和2mol/L NaCl+0.8mol/L Na2SO4溶液中的极化曲线、缝隙内外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗分布,研究了SO2-4对铝缝隙腐蚀的影响.结果表明,在NaCl溶液中,缝隙内的铝为阳极、缝隙外为阴极;随浸泡时间增加,腐蚀不均匀性增加.加入Na2SO4后,减小了缝隙内外腐蚀电位差,显著降低了铝的腐蚀速度.Na2SO4是中性溶液中铝的吸附型缓蚀剂,延缓了缝隙腐蚀的发生.     

用丝束电极研究SO_4~(2-)对纯铝缝隙腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和丝束电极技术测量了纯铝在2mol/L NaCl和2mol/L NaCl 0.8mol/L Na2SO4溶液中的极化曲线、缝隙内外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗分布,研究了SO42-对铝缝隙腐蚀的影响。结果表明,在NaCl溶液中,缝隙内的铝为阳极、缝隙外为阴极;随浸泡时间增加,腐蚀不均匀性增加。加入Na2SO4后,减小了缝隙内外腐蚀电位差,显著降低了铝的腐蚀速度。Na2SO4是中性溶液中铝的吸附型缓蚀剂,延缓了缝隙腐蚀的发生。     

AZ91D镁合金在硫酸盐溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过对比分析太阳能用压铸AZ91D合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液,0.5mol/L的Na2SO4溶液和0.5mol/L的MgSO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,系统研究了SO42-离子对AZ91D合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,Mg(OH)2和Mg6Al2(OH)18·5H2O相是合金在溶液中的腐蚀产物。AZ91D合金在3种溶液中的腐蚀速率从大至小依次为:NaClMgSO4Na2SO4;AZ91D合金在NaCl溶液中发生了点蚀,而在Na2SO4溶液和MgSO4溶液中以均匀腐蚀为主。     

铝表面聚苯胺的电化学合成与性能研究

目的 提高铝在含氯离子介质中的耐腐蚀性能.方法 在含有0.4 mol/L苯胺的1 mol/L硫酸中,采用恒电位法和循环伏安法在铝表面电化学合成聚苯胺,用红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜对聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行表征.通过动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗测试,研究聚苯胺在0.6 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L HCl、0.3 mol/L H2 SO4和0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl几种腐蚀介质中对铝的防护性能.结果 红外光谱表明,合成的是硫酸掺杂态聚苯胺.紫外-可见光谱表明,不同电化学方法 合成的聚苯胺吸收峰位置相近.扫描电镜观察显示,恒电位法制备的聚苯胺为纳米短棒状结构,而循环伏安法制备的聚苯胺呈现出颗粒状结构.聚苯胺涂层铝在各种腐蚀溶液中的自腐蚀电位都比铝正移,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4中,恒电位法和循环伏安法制备的试样自腐蚀电位分别提高了769、894 mV.相比于恒电位法,循环伏安法制备的聚苯胺涂层具有更好的防腐蚀性能,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl中的保护效率高达91.69%,在0.6 mol/L HCl和0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液中的保护效率分别为80.40%和6.54%.结论 聚苯胺涂层在酸性溶液中比在中性溶液中具有更明显的腐蚀防护效果,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl强腐蚀性溶液中能对铝基体起到良好的防腐蚀作用.     

pH和Cl~-对Cu-Cr-Zr合金电化学腐蚀的影响

采用电化学方法研究了Cu-Cr-Zr合金在不同pH条件下含0.6mol/L的NaCl和纯水溶液中的耐蚀性,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)表征了浸泡试验72h后试样的表面形貌。将其在不同腐蚀介质中的耐电化学腐蚀性作对比,结果表明,Cl-的加入使合金在同等pH条件下的耐蚀性下降;碱性环境降低了Cl-对合金的腐蚀;在强酸溶液中合金会发生全面均匀的腐蚀,在强碱溶液中合金发生局部腐蚀。     

用丝束电极研究SO4^2-对纯铝缝隙腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和丝束电极技术测量了纯铝在2mol／L NaCl和2mol／L NaCl＋0．8mol／L Na2SO4溶液中的极化曲线、缝隙内外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗分布，研究了SO4^2-对铝缝隙腐蚀的影响。结果表明，在NaCl溶液中，缝隙内的铝为阳极、缝隙外为阴极；随浸泡时间增加，腐蚀不均匀性增加。加入Na2SO4后，减小了缝隙内外腐蚀电位差，显著降低了铝的腐蚀速度。Na2SO4是中性溶液中铝的吸附型缓蚀剂，延缓了缝隙腐蚀的发生。     

含稀土HAl77-2铝黄铜的腐蚀行为

通过测定3种不同成分的铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液和NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的腐蚀速率、电化学行为分析,以及对腐蚀产物层进行SEM观察和XRD分析,研究了铝黄铜的腐蚀行为。结果表明：添加Ce可以降低铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中极化时的自腐蚀电流密度;含Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-B-Ce在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中腐蚀后腐蚀产物层表现出最佳的腐蚀形貌和耐腐蚀性能,而添加稀土并不能改善铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的耐腐蚀性能;联合添加As和Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-As-B-Ce在这2种介质中的耐腐蚀性能反而下降。     

含稀土HSn70-1锡黄铜的腐蚀行为研究

通过对Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.05RE和Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.1RE锡黄铜分别在NaCl(3.5%)溶液和NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中的腐蚀速率测定、腐蚀产物层SEM观察和XRD分析以及X射线能谱分析,研究了含稀土锡黄铜的腐蚀行为.结果表明:含稀土的锡黄铜在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中腐蚀后,腐蚀产物层薄而均匀,与基体之间的结合较好.稀土、硼等元素的添加可以明显改善锡黄铜耐Cl-腐蚀性能;在NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中发生了明显的沿晶腐蚀.同时,随稀土含量的增加,锡黄铜在含NH4 的人工海水介质中的耐腐蚀性能有所提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.