乳酸菌发酵香肠的研制

乳酸菌发酵香肠的研制李先保（安徽农业技术师范学院，凤阳２３３１００）李兴民南庆贤杨洁彬（中国农业大学食品学院，北京１０００９４）在欧美国家，发酵肉制品（如发酵香肠）作为高档的西式肉制品，被视为大众所喜爱的高级食品。对肉制品进行乳酸菌发酵，不仅可以提高...     

乳酸菌发酵火腿的研制

利用保加利亚乳酸杆菌发酵西式火腿,通过正交配方试验得出,使用按肉重0．8%的葡萄糖,13%的蔗糖比例最适菌种生长。在14%接种量(按肉重 W/W,下同)范围内,出品率呈逐渐增加趋势,回归方程Y=1．046＋0．017X,r=0．85;酸度增高,pH降低;凝胶强度在11%接种量时最高;感官综合评判,以9%接种量24h发酵成品最好。     

螺旋藻乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

开发研制螺旋藻乳酸菌饮料,用新西兰进口乳粉和优质的螺旋藻为原料,采用5因素4水平正交实验,确定饮料口感、稳定性的最佳工艺配方。实验结果表明,用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按1∶1作为菌种制备发酵乳,最佳配方为:发酵乳35%,浓度2%的螺旋藻溶液20%,白砂糖7%,柠檬酸0.07%,瓜尔豆胶0.25%。     

乳酸菌发酵平菇酸奶的研制

将平菇汁和牛乳混合，将嗜热链球菌及保加利亚乳酸杆菌以1：1的质量比混合作为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵，以L9(3^4)正交试验得出最佳的配料组合，研制出具有浓郁平菇风味的乳酸菌发酵酸奶。     

番茄汁乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

以番茄酱为原料,按一定比例稀释后,经乳酸菌发酵而制成番茄汁乳酸菌发酵饮料,通过对接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、风味、稳定性进行实验,从而确定出最佳工艺参数为:接种量5％,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间30h,黄原胶0.03％,CMC-Na0.02％。     

乳酸菌发酵竹笋脯的研制

以竹笋为主要原料,经乳酸菌发酵制成果脯,工艺新颖,乳酸发酵笋脯是一种高附加值的新型、营养,保健果脯,具有广阔的市场前景。     

傣家酸鱼中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及乳酸发酵的初步研究

为获得新来源的乳酸发酵菌株,以采自云南省德宏州的3份传统傣家酸鱼为供试样品,分离纯化菌株。通过Ca CO3-溴甲酚紫产酸平板、摇瓶发酵、色谱分析等手段筛选出产乳酸菌株。采用传统分类方法结合16S r DNA序列分析方法,对产乳酸菌株进行鉴定并保藏,并用EDTA定钙法研究了菌株的乳酸产量。结果表明,从3份传统傣家酸鱼中分离到10个菌株,筛选出乳酸发酵菌株sy1、sy3、sy4,色谱分析表明,3株菌的发酵产物均为乳酸。采用传统分类方法结合16S r DNA序列分析方法,确定3株菌均为植物乳杆菌。3株菌均能迅速产酸,能在p H 3.5以下生长;在初始葡萄糖浓度为100 g/L的培养基中发酵72 h,测得菌株sy1、sy3、sy4乳酸产量分别为66、76和69 g/L,表明3株菌均有较好的乳酸发酵能力,可作为乳酸发酵的出发菌株进行进一步研究。     

乳酸菌发酵竹笋脯的研制

以竹笋为主要原料，经乳酸菌发酵制成果脯，工艺新颖，乳酸发酵笋脯是一种高附加值的新型、营养．保健果脯．具有广阔的市场前景。     

番茄、胡萝卜乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

开发研制新疆地产番茄、胡萝卜混合汁乳酸菌发酵饮料。方法：以优质番茄酱和胡萝卜浓缩汁为原料，用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为菌种，采用四因素三水平正交实验，确定中间种子扩大液、发酵液及发酵饮料口感稳定性的最佳工艺配方。结果：用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按1：1比例作为菌种；种子扩大液的最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，2％葡萄糖，2％脱脂乳，3％接种量；发酵液最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，发酵温度41℃，发酵时间24h，接种量3％；发酵饮料调配最佳配方；发酵原液中添加蔗糖5％，柠檬酸0．02％，耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）0．2％，黄原胶0．03％。     

Biogenic amines in cold-smoked fish fermented with lactic acid bacteria

 It has been proved in previous studies that fish can be fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Added glucose must be at concentrations of almost 1% to reduce the pH to <5.3, a level which corresponds to the safe pH values for meat products. Because some LAB and some contaminating microbes form biogenic amines, this study was conducted to examine the possible formation of biogenic amines during the fish fermentation process. Other parameters under study were sensory quality, pH value, titrated acid content, weight loss, a _w value, redox potential and microbiological counts. Three groups of fish (rainbow trout) with three different LAB inocula and a group without any inoculum were made. The fermentation of the products made with LAB succeeded. The products were sensorially accepted, the inoculated LAB grew to >8 log cfu/g, the pH reduced to 5.0–5.3 and a _w to 0.927 and the pseudomonads, the predominant flora of fish raw material, disappeared. The fish raw material and the products contained low amounts of biogenic amines with one exception: cadaverine, histamine and tyramine increased in all product groups in one experimental series (II) out of three. The highest concentrations of these amines were in the control products without any LAB inoculation. The LAB used and the contaminants isolated from the products were unable to produce cadaverine, histamine or tyramine. The appearance of these amines could therefore be caused by the non-isolated contaminants of fish raw material. Received: 18 June 1999     

常用食品乳酸菌发酵蔬菜的研究

对Streptococcus lastic,Lactobacillus brevis,Lactobacillus casei等9种食品常用乳酸菌种进行发酵蔬菜研究,通过对发酵菜及汤汁中V_C、氨基酸、总酸、总糖、挥发酸、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等指标的测定,结合产品的感官评价,筛选出适合作为蔬菜发酵剂用的菌种Streptococcus lastic。从研究结果看,接种Streptococcus lastic菌种的发酵蔬菜既可以很好地降解发酵菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,又可与其他菌种制成复合发酵菌剂,用于发酵制品生产,且产品营养较丰富。     

发酵酸鱼中乳酸菌的鉴定及特性分析

该研究以分离自酸鱼发酵后期的乳酸菌菌株LP224为研究对象,采用形态学观察、生理生化试验和分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片扩散法和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）法对其耐药性和抗性基因进行检测,并研究其生长特性及耐受性。结果表明,菌株LP224被鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,其对头孢曲松、链霉素、环丙沙星、磺胺异噁唑、万古霉素、林可霉素等6类15种抗生素耐药,基因组DNA检测出ermC和tetG2种抗性基因,而细菌质粒未检测到抗性基因,说明该菌株相对安全。菌株LP224经55℃水浴处理30 min后存活率为35.06%;p H2.5环境下存活率为52.60%;0.3%胆盐浓度下存活率为31.67%,说明该菌株具有较强的耐热、耐酸、耐胆盐能力。     

Characterization of anti-listerial lactic acid bacteria isolated from Thai fermented fish products

Thai fermented fish products were screened for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibitingListeriasp. (Listeria innocua). Of 4150 assumed lactic acid bacteria colonies from MRS agar plates that were screened by an agar-overlay method 58 (1.4%) were positive. Forty four of these strains were further characterized and 43 strains were inhibitory againstListeria monocytogenes. The strains were inhibitory to other Gram-positive (lactic acid) bacteria probably because of production of bacteriocins. All 44 strains inhibited bothVibrio choleraeandVibrio parahaemolyticusand 37 were inhibitory to a mesophilic fish spoilage bacterium (anAeromonassp.). Inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria was attributed to production of lactic acid. Most strains were identified asLactobacillusspp., and all grew well at ambient temperatures (25–37°C) and tolerated up to 6.5% NaCl. Glucose was fermented rapidly in laboratory media whereas pH decreased only very slowly in fish juice supplemented with 4% glucose and 3.5% NaCl or in a rice–fish mixture. Only four of 44 isolates could degrade and ferment complex carbohydrates such as rice, potatoes and maize starch. This indicates that other types of bacteria may be responsible for the rapid spontaneous fermentation of the products or that other yet-unknown factors ensure rapid fermentation. Overall anti-listerial lactic acid bacteria do occur in fermented fish products and the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria indicates that they may be important in product safety.     

乳酸菌发酵淡水鱼骨泥制备高钙饼干的研究

以淡水鱼--白鲢鱼鱼骨泥为原料.经乳酸菌发酵和脱腥脱苦后制成可溶性钙含量较高的发酵液,并将其作为主要辅料应用于饼干制作中,研制出一种新型高钙饼干.结果表明:鱼骨泥发酵的最佳条件为丁二酮乳酸链球菌发酵、蔗糖5%、鱼骨泥20%、接种量3%、培养温度40℃、培养时间10d、初始pH值自然.依据试验所得的最佳配方制作的高钙饼干中钙含量达95.84 mg/100g.     

市场上发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌数量的调查研究

乳酸菌（Lactic Acid Bacteria）是一类能发酵碳水化合物产生乳酸的细菌,广泛应用于发酵食品中,是发酵蔬菜中的有益菌群。泡菜主要是由乳酸菌发酵形成的发酵蔬菜。从食品安全的角度出发,研究市售的20种发酵菜样品（白菜类、黄瓜类、萝卜、类、辣椒类）中乳酸菌的数量多少,得出其与蔬菜种类、加工和包装方法的关系。不同类别中,黄瓜类的乳酸菌数量较多,萝卜、类的乳酸菌数量较少;同一类别中,散装的较袋装的乳酸菌数量多。     

绿豆茶乳酸发酵饮料的研究

以绿豆和绿茶为主要原料进行乳酸发酵饮料的工艺研究.采用嗜热链球菌和保加利业乳杆菌以1∶1组成混合发酵剂.采用正交试验、感官分析和理化测定的方法,确定最佳配方和工艺.结果表明:绿豆乳与茶汁的比例为7∶3,乳酸菌的接种量为5%,发酵时间为12h,发酵温度为42℃.选择加2%的蜂蜜,0.1%的羧甲基纤维素和0.15%黄原胶对发酵后的饮料进行口感和风味的调配.     

乳酸菌发酵法生产金丝枣饮料的研究

以金丝小枣为原料，采用液态发酵工艺，研究了不同乳酸菌在金丝枣发酵基质中的产酸情况以及最佳发酵时间，并将发酵基质调糖后制成乳酸菌饮料进行品质评价。结果表明：供试5种乳酸菌中，以干酷乳杆菌产酸量最高，30℃发酵24h后，产酸量为0.42%，且能保持发酵基质原有的色泽：该菌在金丝枣发酵基质中的最佳发酵时间为20h，以发酵基质调制的金丝枣饮料在色、香、味及大众接受性等方面均较佳。     

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of fermented milk with lactic acid bacteria

BACKGROUND: Ten strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were investigated for their anti‐Helicobacter pylori effects. The bactericidal activity and organic acid content in spent culture supernatants (SCS) from fermented milk were measured. In addition, the exclusion effect of SCS against H. pylori infection of human gastric epithelial AGS cells was assayed. RESULTS: Three LAB strains, LY1, LY5 and IF22, showed better anti‐Helicobacter effects than the other strains. There were no significant differences in the bactericidal activity of LAB strains between original SCS, artificial SCS and SCS treated by heating or protease digestion. However, neutralised SCS lost this activity. These results suggest that the anti‐H. pylori activity of SCS may be related to the concentration of organic acids and the pH value but not to protein components. In the AGS cell culture test, both fermented LY5‐SCS and artificial LY5‐SCS significantly reduced H. pylori infection and urease activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, in vitro methods were used to screen potential probiotics with anti‐H. pylori activity. This may provide an excellent and rapid system for studying probiotics in the functional food and dairy industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同乳酸菌发酵豆乳的研究进展

发酵豆乳是利用单一或复合乳酸菌发酵制成的一种类似于酸奶的健康饮品。乳酸菌发酵豆乳可以极大程度的降低豆腥味,延长保藏期,还可以保留豆乳的营养价值,同时乳酸菌还可以调节人体肠道的微生态平衡,是一种价格低廉,功能丰富的健康饮品。该文对发酵豆乳的营养保健功能及发酵菌株形式进行了综述。