市郊铁路规划与城市发展模式适应性探讨

当前,我国城市化进程不断加快,迫切需要更快、更好的公共出行方式来适应新的发展需求,市郊铁路作为带动区域发展的公共交通模式引起人们的广泛关注。市郊铁路（城市铁路主要是市郊铁路）作为城市快速轨道交通的一种形式,是连接城市市区与郊区及城市周围几十公里甚至更大范围的卫星城镇或城市圈的交通方式,     

关于市郊铁路运输的现状和建议

介绍国内外市郊铁路的发展状况,其优越性和相关的5点建议。     

都市圈背景下市域铁路与城市轨道交通“一张网”运营经验及对广州的启示

都市圈背景下,中心城市核心区与市郊城镇及周边地市间交互需求愈加强烈。近年来,国内不少城市相继通过升级改造既有铁路线或新建线路引入市域铁路服务,以适应都市圈内部长距离快速出行需求,但在规划建设、运营管理尤其是一体化运营方面仍存在若干问题亟待研究解决。对此,文章在梳理总结国内外市域铁路建设实践经验的基础上,结合广州市域铁路发展进程及资源禀赋,从规划引导、建设保障、运营深化三个层面提出了都市圈背景下广州市域铁路与城市轨道交通“一张网”运营思路,对于深化落实“四网融合”发展规划,推动市域铁路可持续发展具有重要意义。     

浅谈铁路客运营销

一、铁路客运市场现状 随着我国经济的不断发展,全国运输市场结构发生了巨大变化,铁路、公路、水运、航空等各种运输方式的竞争日趋激烈.铁路客运部门通过对运输产品结构进行重大调整,逐步建立起铁路运输市场的营销机制,取得了明显的经济、社会效益.铁路旅客周转量持续增长,但在客运市场占有份额却呈下降趋势.自1990年公路客运市场占有率超过铁路升至首位以来,铁路已丧失"铁老大"地位.但较其他客运方式,铁路客运具有安全、迅速、经济、便利的优势,目前仍是我国的主要客运方式之一.     

“双碳”目标下优化上海港集装箱铁路集疏运的几点思考

集装箱铁路集疏运是构建港口综合集疏运体系的重要组成部分,2018年以来,上海港集装箱铁路集疏运不断优化,海铁联运发展成效显著,随着“双碳”目标的提出和推进多式联运发展等要求的不断深入,上海海铁联运在保持高质量发展态势上面临了更高挑战。该文以优化上海港集装箱铁路集疏运为切入点,总结成效、梳理问题、研判趋势、提炼经验,在发挥扶持政策带动溢出作用、加强软硬件建设、关注箱量腹地及结构、积极开展前期研究等方面提出了具体对策建议,为上海港进一步完善港口集疏运体系、推动港口绿色发展提供参考。     

有轨电车在天津市的应用研究

一、概述 根据天津市城市综合交通规划,未来天津市公共交通将形成以轨道交通和常规公交为主,以出租车交通为补充,线网等级清晰、枢纽换乘便捷、运营管理高效的一体化客运交通体系,其中轨道线网将形成由地铁、轻轨、市郊铁路等多层次组成的放射式线网结构.     

世界公共交通简讯

<正> 法国 热衷于发展轻轨交通的法国,考虑到轻轨交通的基础建筑造价仍较高,因此进一步研究采用橡胶轮胎的导向电车。首先在卡昂市试验的TVR由Bombardier研制,这种长24.5m的双铰接车可载客150人。车底中央有一个导向轮,由敷设在路面上的导轨导向,同时也成为电流的回路,最高车速可达70km/h,如果离开导轨自由行驶,则由车上的柴油发电机组供电。市郊或城间被废弃的铁路,改建导向电车的费用,每千米仅需500万美元,而城市轻轨的造价则每千米要2200     

天津城市轨道交通建设和发展浅析

目前轨道交通有地铁、轻轨、市郊铁路、有轨电车以及悬浮列车等多种类型,号称“城市交通的主动脉”.城市轨道交通和其他公共交通相比,具有便捷、环保、节能、安全、占地少和运量大等特点,轨道线路的输送能力是公路交通输送能力的10倍,对缓解城市交通瓶颈、改善城市交通结构、促进经济社会可持续发展具有十分重要的作用.许多发达国家在小汽车进入家庭后,仍然实行“公交优先”的交通管理模式.以东京和伦敦为例,轨道交通分别承担了88％和71％的客运量,是居民出行的主要方式.     

论财务管理在铁路企业管理中的重要性

财务管理是铁路企业管理中的一部分,对促进企业稳定发展具有积极意义,鉴于此,铁路企业要给予财务管理足够重视,不断提升财务管理水平,增强铁路企业核心竞争力。本文根据笔者在铁路企业管理中财务管理的工作经验作如下分析,并提出相关促铁路企业发展的措施,望能为日后相关工作人员提供参考。     

滴滴神竹汁，激扬创业人生大境界

在广西贵港市郊的瓦塘乡，夜半时分，一片郁郁葱葱的竹林里来了一群特殊的客人。     

关于建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制研究

建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制的总体思路是:以主体功能区划分为基础,根据各区(县)不同的主体功能和开发任务,实施差别化政策;按照"二级市"的要求,简政放权,增强郊区自主发展权和统筹协调权;适度调整市、区财政分配体制,使郊区各区(县)事权与财权相匹配;建立和完善财政转移支付、土地利用激励、财政激励、生态发展激励和绩效考核五大机制,促进郊区差别化管理,增强郊区统筹协调发展的能力;实施"强镇扩权",创新郊区基层管理体制机制,增强郊区发展活力。上海建立郊区差别化管理体制机制,还需适当调整郊区城市建设标准、制定全市统一的公共服务资源配置和设施建设标准、增加郊区人口导入区城市管理和公共服务资源配置、规范简政放权的工作机制。     

Central City/Suburban Status Differences: Fifty Years of Change*

Changes in the relative status of central cities compared to their suburban rings are investigated for the periods 1920 to 1950, and 1950 to 1970. Longitudinal alterations in the relative statuses of the two components across metropolitan areas have primarily involved the suburban ring. Somewhat different processes of change were evident in the two time periods, particularly when metropolitan areas are distinguished by their age. In the 1920 to 1950 period, the oldest metropolitan areas evolved toward higher suburban than central city status, while newer metropolitan areas evolved toward higher central city than suburban status. In the 1950 to 1970 period, metropolitan areas generally moved toward a pattern of higher suburban than central city status, regardless of their individual characteristics such as age or period of development.     

我国生育政策城乡一体化方案与配套支持

我国生育政策城乡一体化是人口转变与社会发展之必然。一方面,城乡二元的生育政策很难体现城乡公平,用生育政策的优惠来弥补社会保障功能的匮乏这一做法已越来越不符合社会发展趋势;另一方面,二元生育政策本身的复杂性增加了政策执行过程中的成本与困难。生育政策城乡一体化应以城市与农村均实行一孩半政策作为既简化又稳妥的改革方案。生育政策城乡一体化还应配备配套措施,完善生育政策的评估指标,将少生与不生纳入评估范畴,促进城乡医疗、养老、教育等公共服务机会均等化、户籍管理动态化,还要正确理解人口老龄化,为生育政策城乡一体化提供良好的执行环境。     

生态城市建设与城郊农业功能拓展研究——兼析从化模式

建设生态城市是城市可持续发展的必然选择,基于区位优势、功能特征等因素拓展城郊农业功能在生态城市建设中具有重要作用。政策支持为城郊农业功能的拓展提供了资源和空间。在深入理解功能拓展现实需求和合理确定拓展投入思路基础上,设计合理的投入机制是提高农业功能拓展绩效的保障。从化模式成功经验的借鉴意义在于：灵活使用多种手段激励多元化投入主体,形成不同农业功能联合生产、三次产业协同发展、城乡生态共享的关系。     

Suburban wildlife: Lessons,challenges, and opportunities

The United States, as well as most developed and many developing nations worldwide, is becoming increasingly urban and suburban.Although urban, suburban, and commercial development account for less than one percent to just over 20% of land use among states, 50–90% of the residents of those states can be classified as urban or suburban dwellers. The population of the U.S. as a whole has risen from being > 95% rural in the 1790s to about 80% urban-suburban today. With these changes in land use and demographic patterns come changes in values and attitudes; many urbanites and suburbanites view wildlife and nature differently than rural residents. These are among the challenges faced by wildlife biologists and natural resource managers in a rapidly urbanizing world. In 2003, we convened a symposium to discuss issues related to suburban wildlife. The papers presented in this special issue of Urban Ecosystems address the lessons learned from the early and recently rapidly expanding literature, the challenges we face today, and the opportunities that can help deal with what is one of the biggest challenges to conservation in a modernizing world.     

广州构建双港双高交通体系的策略研究

为了支撑广州国家中心城市的定位,必须制定相应的区域交通发展战略。通过交通现状调查,机遇挑战分析,提出了构建双港双高交通体系的发展战略,即：以世界级的空港、海港为龙头,以内外衔接的高速铁路、高速公路网络为支撑,建设开放的现代综合交通运输体系,成为立足珠三角、服务全国、面向世界的南方交通中心。     

Incorporation and Gated Communities in the Greater Metro-Los Angeles Region as a Model of Privatization of Residential Communities

ABSTRACT

The privatization of urban public space has accelerated through the closing, redesign, and policing of public parks and plazas, the development of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) that monitor and control local streets and parks, and the transfer of public air rights for the building of corporate plazas ostensibly open to the public. In the suburbs, privatization also takes the form of conservation easements that restrict access to public lands, the creation of shopping malls and new town centers relocated within these private commercial developments, and the building of gated residential communities. Accompanying this expansion of private interests are changes in strategies of governance and regional differences in how local governments and residents are encouraging private encroachment on public space. This article focuses this third set of privatization practices by discussing how gated communities manipulate municipal and town planning laws to control public space and tax dollars. To accomplish this task, I discuss the emergence of gated communities as a new form of privatization of urban/suburban space and then tease out the legal and institutional underpinnings of this spatial governance. The geography of gated communities in greater metro-Los Angeles region and their use of the strategy of incorporation to capture public taxes for private use is employed as a model for understanding the future of gating in the United States. The Los Angeles model is then compared to current gating patterns in urban and suburban gated communities in New York and Texas. These manipulations of private land use controls in the United States are not necessarily new, but with gating there is an accelerating trend away from governmental and public control of land use toward an increased reliance on privately created controls. The consequences of this shift toward privatization of land use control is an impoverishment of the public realm and access to public resources, especially public space.     

Defining urban,suburban, and rural: a method to link perceptual definitions with geospatial measures of urbanization in central and eastern Massachusetts

Developing greater understandings of socio-ecological relationships across urbanizing areas is increasingly recognized as important for the conservation and management of natural resources in a variety of development contexts. Efforts to do so have been hindered by a lack of consistent measures of urbanization and the challenge of integrating socio-cultural characteristics into definitions of urban. We present a novel method for linking perceptual definitions of urban, suburban, and rural to geospatial characteristics and demonstrate how the method can be used to map urban, suburban, and rural areas at multiple scales in central and eastern Massachusetts. Our method can facilitate comparative approaches to urban ecology, be used to scale up socio-ecological studies, and inform conservation research and practice in urbanizing areas.