纳米W-Cu粉末的热机械化学法制备及其烧结性能研究

通过均相沉淀获得Cu2WO4(OH)2/CuWO4·2H2O共沉淀物,并对煅烧该沉淀物所得的W、Cu氧化物进行球磨,然后H2还原,得到了含Cu量为30%的W-Cu复合粉末。对该复合粉末的性能进行了表征,并对其烧结体的密度、微结构和力学性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明,热机械化学法制备的W-Cu复合粉末粒度为纳米级,烧结活性高,其压坯在H2气氛中固相烧结可达到96%的相对密度,液相烧结则可达到高于99%的相对密度,烧结体具有细小均匀的微结构和良好的力学性能。     

纳米W-Cu粉末的均相沉淀法制备及其烧结性能

采用湿化学工艺--蒸氨均相沉淀法,制备了纳米CuWO4·2H2O/Cu2WO4(OH)2均相沉淀物,然后煅烧、还原,得到含Cu 30%的W-Cu复合粉.将该复合粉压坯在H2气氛中于不同温度下烧结后,对烧结体的微结构和物理、力学性能等进行了测试分析.实验结果表明:蒸氨均相沉淀法制备的W-Cu复合粉体具有纳米粒度和均匀的化学组成,其烧结活性高,在较低温度下烧结即可达很高的致密化程度.由上述W-Cu粉体所制备的烧结体具有良好的物理、力学性能.     

凝胶-共还原法制备超细Mo-Cu粉末及其烧结性能

以(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O和CuO为前驱体,采用有机物辅助的凝胶工艺制得干凝胶。干凝胶经煅烧、还原后,获得Cu含量为20%(质量分数)的Mo-Cu复合粉末。该Mo-Cu粉末模压成形后,在H2中于1050～1150℃烧结,制得Mo-Cu复合材料。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜等对干凝胶煅烧后产物及其还原后粉体的相组成、形貌和粒度等进行了表征;通过扫描电镜观测了不同温度烧结所得Mo-Cu复合材料烧结体的显微结构,并对其密度、电导率和强度等物理力学性能进行了测定。结果表明:通过凝胶-共还原法可以制备分散均匀、平均粒度为200nm的Mo-Cu超细粉末;该Mo-Cu粉末烧结活性高,其成形压坯在1150℃下于H2气氛中烧结90min后相对密度可达99.65%,且烧结体的晶粒细小均匀,具有良好的物理力学性能。     

喷雾干燥-氢还原制备W-50Cu纳米复合粉末过程中的相转变

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥、煅烧和氢还原工艺制备了纳米级、W-50%Cu(质量分数,下同)复合粉末,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了粉末制备过程中的相演变.非晶态喷雾干燥前驱体经煅烧形成复合氧化物粉末,其形貌和相结构随煅烧温度而变化.煅烧后的复合氧化物粉末在还原过程中经过了一系列复杂的相转变,其相转变过程分为3个阶段:在350℃,粉末主要由Cu、Cu2O、WO3、W相组成;在450℃还原后粉末由Cu、Cu2O、WO3和WO2相组成;在550℃以上还原时,铜的氧化物全部变成Cu相,WO3和WO2渐渐变成W相,其中WO2一直在750℃仍保持稳定.一系列的XRD分析结果表明,还原后的W-Cu纳米复合粉末由W(Cu)超饱和固溶体新相和Cu相组成,其晶粒尺寸分别为33 nm和63 nm.     

超细Mo-Cu复合粉末制备和烧结

采用液相还原法,以七钼酸铵((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O)、氯化铜和水合肼为原材料,制备了前驱体粉末,通过煅烧、还原,得到含Cu30％的Mo-Cu复合粉.对该复合粉进行表征,并对其压坯在H2气氛中于不同温度下进行烧结,对烧结体的微观结构和物理、力学性能等进行测试分析.结果表明:液相还原制备的Mo-Cu复合粉末颗粒细小,尺寸分布在50～100nm;经烧结后合金相对密度达到97％以上,组织分布均匀.     

超细（W，Ni，Fe，Y）复合粉末制备过程中稀土Y的物相形态变化

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥-氢还原法制备稀土Y含量分别为0,0.4%,5%,10%和20%的超细（W,Ni,Fe,Y）复合粉末,采用XRD研究煅烧温度和还原温度以及稀土Y含量变化时复合粉末体在制备过程中的相结构变化规律。结果表明：喷雾干燥前驱体随煅烧温度的升高渐渐从非晶体向复合氧化物晶化转变,添加稀土Y的粉末前驱体经煅烧后,Y与W形成复合氧化物Y2W3O12,且稀土Y可以有效地抑制粉末颗粒长大;随着Y含量的增加,Y和W的复合氧化物明显增加,Y2W3O12在700 ℃才能被还原成低氧复合氧化物相;含5%稀土Y粉末中的Y2W3O12被还原生成新相Y2WO6;当稀土Y增加到10%以上时,不仅生成Y2WO6,还生成另一种新相Y6W2O15。     

球形烧结态Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末制备研究

试验通过添加高分子分散剂配制Cr3C2-25%NiCr料浆,采用喷雾干燥技术制备球形粉末,在保护气氛下进行液相烧结,气流粉碎分级后形成合适粒度粉末.实验研究了不同分散剂含量对喷雾干燥制备Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末性能的影响,液相烧结工艺对Cr3C2与NiCr合金相之间冶金化结合状态的影响.研究结果表明高分子分散剂能够很好的调解料浆性能,使喷雾干燥粉末具有良好的物性.采用SEM、XRD及化学成分分析表明粉末物理性能与国外粉末相当,超音速火焰喷涂涂层性能较好.     

B_4C/BN纳米复合粉末的制备与显微结构的研究

利用H38O3和CO(NH2)2在高温下发生化学反应生成纳米BN,并且形成纳米BN包覆B4C颗粒的B4C/BN纳米复合粉末.利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对所制备的复合粉末的物相组成和显微结构进行了研究,并且对热压烧结块材的物相组成进行了研究.物相组成和显微结构的研究结果表明,在850℃氮气气氛下热处理6 h所得到的复合粉末主要是非晶态纳米BN涂层包覆在B4C颗粒表面所形成的B4C/BN纳米复合粉末,而且非晶态BN包覆层的厚度为300～500 nm.此非晶态BN相在1850℃,30 MPa,1 h的热压烧结工艺条件下完全转变成晶态的h-BN相.     

纳米W-Cu复合粉末制备技术的研究现状

纳米W-Cu复合粉末具有大的比表面积和高的烧结活性,可制备各种致密度高、性能优良的W-Cu复合材料,因而在电子封装和微电子信息工业中越来越受到重视。本文综述了近几年国内外纳米W-Cu复合粉末的发展现状,详细介绍和评价了几种纳米W-Cu复合粉末的制备方法。     

纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末的低温烧结机制

采用DTA研究了喷雾干燥-H2还原法制备的纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末随温度升高时熔点和相的变化,依此为根据研究了试样在不同烧结温度和不同烧结时间下的烧结特性.采用扫描电子显微镜和金相仪分别对试样断口进行了形貌观察和W晶粒测试,并对烧结样的性能进行了测定与分析.研究结果表明:保温时间为120 min时,随着烧结温度的提高,试样的性能有显著的变化,当烧结温度为1390℃时,试样的抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度都达到一个极大值,分别为888.3 MPa,12.9%和99.0%;当烧结温度为1390℃时,随烧结时间的延长,试样的性能也有显著的变化,试样的抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度在保温120 min时都达到一个极大值;平均W晶粒度为20 μm,W晶粒呈球形或近球形;复合粉末烧结活性高,比传统烧结温度降低80℃;粉末中高的氧含量和在干氢中的烧结,使得试样在液相烧结时容易出现孔洞和气泡,W晶粒和粘结相分布不均匀,致使试样力学性能偏低.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.