微小RNA研究进展

微小RNA(miRNA)是参与基因转录后水平调控的非编码小分子RNA.人类基因中大约有3%编码miRNAs,而编码蛋白的基因中30%受到miRNAs的调控.miRNAs在多种生物进程中起到关键作用,包括调节发育、细胞增殖、分化和凋亡,相应的miRNAs的表达变化与包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病有关.本文综述miRNAs的生物学及其与肿瘤的联系,并讨论了miRNAs的研究方法.     

肿瘤中MicroRNAs与NF-κB关系的相关研究进展

核转录因子NF-κB(Nuclear factorκB)可以调节许多参与先天免疫、获得性免疫、细胞增殖、炎症与肿瘤生长的重要基因。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一种由20~25个碱基组成的短小RNA分子, 能够通过与mRNAs 3′末端非翻译区域的相互作用, 负向调节动植物基因的表达。明确miRNAs的生物学作用及其对NF-κB的影响, 对于了解复杂的免疫系统, 发展癌症治疗十分必要。本文就miRNAs和NF-κB在肿瘤中的相互关系进行综述, 讨论miR-146、miR-155、miR-181b、miR-21以及miR-301a在NF-κB活化及肿瘤发生过程中的作用。      

miRNAs及其基因启动子DNA甲基化在肿瘤研究中的进展

0 引言 miRNAs(microRNAs)是长度约21～25个核苷酸的非编码的小RNA分子.miRNAs是通过Drosha剪切路径产生的.成熟的miRNAs在细胞核由长约2kb非编码的原始miRNA转录本(primiRNAs)转录而来.在细胞核的RNA酶Drosha作用下,长的pri-miRNAs被剪切为小的、长约70nt的具有茎环结构的前体miRNAs(pre-miRNAs),pre-miRNAs被输送到细胞质中,在另一种高度保守的RNA酶Dicer的作用下剪切成长约22nt的成熟的miRNAs[1-2].成熟的miRNAs介导基因调节调控基因表达参与人体病理生理的多种过程,是肿瘤发生过程中重要的调节分子.     

微小RNA-30a:肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点

微小RNA(miRNA)是长约20~25个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA,主要通过抑制mRNA翻译和诱导mRNA降解而调节靶基因的表达,人类大约30%的基因受miRNAs调节。研究发现,大量miRNAs在肿瘤中表达失调,常常引起多种重要过程的紊乱,包括细胞增殖、侵袭与转移、凋亡以及耐药等。在肿瘤的发生过程中,不同的miRNA可能起着类似抑癌基因或者癌基因的作用,参与调节肿瘤细胞发生、发展等过程。miR-30a是miRNA的成员之一,通过调节靶基因的表达,参与调控肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和凋亡等过程。不同肿瘤血清中miR-30a的表达水平对肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗以及预后判断有着重要作用。此外,miR-30a的表达失调还与抗肿瘤药物耐药性的产生密切相关,推测其有望成为肿瘤治疗的一个潜在新靶标。本文就近年来miR-30a在肿瘤中作用的最新研究进展作一综述。     

miRNA-16在常见头颈部恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

miRNAs是高度保守的内源性非编码小RNA分子,通过与特定mRNA 3’非翻译区(3’UTR)互补序列结合,降低靶基因的转录和/或蛋白水平。miRNAs在许多生理过程中发挥着重要作用,如代谢、分化等。然而,miRNAs异常表达也与肿瘤的发生发展相关。miRNA-16被证实在多种肿瘤中存在异常表达,故本文就miRNA-16在常见头颈部恶性肿瘤中的研究做一综述。     

体液microRNAs——肿瘤诊断的新型标记物

微小RNAs（microRNAs,miRNAs）是一类具有基因调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA,长度约为21-22个核苷酸,通过对靶基因降解或抑制其翻译,参与肿瘤的发生、发展、浸润、转移和耐药.最近研究发现miRNAs在不同来源、不同阶段的肿瘤中表达具有特异性,并稳定地存在于体液中.因此,通过检测体液中miRNAs异常表达情况,可对肿瘤作出诊断.现就体液中miRNAs在肿瘤诊断方面的研究进展作以简要综述.     

MicroRNAs：非小细胞肺癌分子诊断和靶向治疗重要的靶标

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长度约为18~22个核苷酸、在动植物中广泛存在、高度保守的小分子非编码RNA。非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）与其起源的相应正常细胞之间存在miRNAs表达谱的差异,不同类型或不同进展状态非小细胞肺癌之间miRNAs表达谱也有其特异性,为肺癌的早期诊断和鉴别诊断提供了候选指标。利用miRNAs调控靶基因表达的原理,还可以发现或设计更优化的肿瘤治疗模式。深入研究miRNAs在非小细胞肺癌中的作用和价值,将为筛选NSCLC分子诊断指标并据此建立靶向干预策略奠定基础。     

microRNAs在胃癌发生发展中的研究进展

微小RNAs（miRNAs）是一组小的非编码RNA,在胃癌中起着至关重要的作用。miRNAs通过靶基因mRNA产生双重的、相反的作用,即致癌或抑癌作用。致癌miRNAs在胃癌中过表达,并能抑制肿瘤抑制基因。相反,肿瘤抑制miRNAs在胃癌中表达通常下调,从而导致癌症的发展。异常表达的miRNAs参与胃癌的发生发展并调控不同的表型,如增殖、凋亡、转移及耐药性等。此外,miRNAs还可用于胃癌的诊断和预后预测等。本文综述了miRNAs在胃癌发展中的作用,以及miRNAs在诊断和预后中的潜在应用价值。     

miRNAs与鼻咽癌研究进展

0 引言 微小RNA(miRNAs)是一类长度为21～30nt的高度保守的、内源性非编码蛋白质的单链小RNA分子~([1]).随着对miRNAs研究的深入,发现miRNAs调节人类1/3的基因,不仅参与个体发育、器官形成和物质代谢等生理过程,还与病毒复制和肿瘤发生等密切相关.     

MicroRNAs与食管癌关系的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长18～24个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,可通过负调控靶基因,参与体内的基本信号传导途径.其主要来源于组织、血液、唾液,越来越多的研究资料表明不同来源的miRNAs在食管癌的发生、发展过程中发挥着肿瘤癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,并且在食管癌及其癌前病变的早期诊断、早期治疗及预后中有可能成为新型的分子标志物和基因治疗的新靶点.全文就不同来源的miRNAs在食管癌及其癌前病变的诊断、预后及基因治疗方面的潜在作用作一综述.     

不同体液中微小RNA在肿瘤诊断中的应用

微小RNA(miRNA)与肿瘤的发生、发展及疾病的临床进程密切相关.检测人体各种体液中的miRNA如血液、胰液、痰液、唾液、尿液等的水平变化,对于肿瘤的分级、分期、早期诊断、预后预测和药物疗效评估均有一定作用.     

MicroRNA-663 targets TGFB1 and regulates lung cancer proliferation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in many different cellular processes, including metabolism, apoptosis, differentiation, and development. In this study, miR-663 was shown to be highly expressed in patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, miR-663 contributed to lung cancer cell proliferation of by regulating TGFB1, P53, Bax, and Fas directly or indirectly. Our results demonstrated that miR-663 plays an important role in the biology of lung cancer and may be useful in developing therapies targeting genes.     

胃癌中微小RNA与DNA甲基化调控的关系

 微小RNA（miRNA）是一类长度约22个核苷酸的非编码单链小分子RNA,在各种生理病理过程中发挥了重要作用,其表达失调和肿瘤的发生发展有密切联系。DNA甲基化在人类基因组中属于表观遗传学调控的范畴,无论DNA的超甲基化或低甲基化都与胃癌等多种肿瘤的发生发展有关。     

Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tissue expression levels of miR-29b and miR-422a in children,adolescents, and young adults’ age groups and their association with prediction of poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma

Tumor Biology - Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in children and adolescents. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development, differentiation, and function of...     

MiR-26a inhibits prostate cancer progression by repression of Wnt5a

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in different biological processes by suppressing target gene expression. miRNA microarray analysis revealed a significant decrease of miR-26a in prostate cancer tissues versus their normal counterparts, but the role of miR-26a is needed to investigate. In the present study, we found that miR-26a expression was lower in prostate cancer tissues compared with their normal controls, so did the prostate cancer cells. Next, by lentivirus-mediated gain-of-function studies, it was showed that stable miR-26a inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition and induced G1 phase arrest in prostate cancer. It was predicted that Wnt5a was a potential target gene of miR-26a by bioinformatics analysis. Then, luciferase assay and Western blot analysis identified that Wnt5a was a new direct target gene of miR-26a and miR-26a inhibited prostate cancer progression via Wnt5a. Altogether, the findings suggested that miR-26a may function as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by targeting Wnt5a.     

MicroRNA expression signature of oral squamous cell carcinoma: functional role of microRNA-26a/b in the modulation of novel cancer pathways

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play major roles in carcinogenesis in a variety of cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the miRNA expression signature of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate the functional roles of miR-26a and miR-26b in OSCC cells.

Methods:

An OSCC miRNA signature was constructed by PCR-based array methods. Functional studies of differentially expressed miRNAs were performed to investigate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC cells. In silico database and genome-wide gene expression analyses were performed to identify molecular targets and pathways mediated by miR-26a/b.

Results:

miR-26a and miR-26b were significantly downregulated in OSCC. Restoration of both miR-26a and miR-26b in cancer cell lines revealed that these miRNAs significantly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Our data demonstrated that the novel transmembrane TMEM184B gene was a direct target of miR-26a/b regulation. Silencing of TMEM184B inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion, and regulated the actin cytoskeleton-pathway related genes.

Conclusions:

Loss of tumour-suppressive miR-26a/b enhanced cancer cell migration and invasion in OSCC through direct regulation of TMEM184B. Our data describing pathways regulated by tumour-suppressive miR-26a/b provide new insights into the potential mechanisms of OSCC oncogenesis and metastasis.