电沉积制备镍箔的SEM形貌和抗拉强度

研究了电沉积法制取镍箔的实验条件,并对不同条件下得到的镍箔表面、断面SEM形貌以及抗拉强度进行了分析. 结果表明,动态条件下电沉积镍箔,能够显著提高其极限电流密度,此时SEM形貌显示沿电沉积箔的厚度增长方向,纯镍箔的晶粒逐渐增大. 加入5 g/L糖精能够有效地细化晶粒,并使镍箔表面更加光亮,其抗拉强度也有所提高.     

峰值电流密度对脉冲电沉积Ni-Co-CNTs复合镀层机械性能的影响

研究了峰值电流密度对脉冲电沉积Ni-Co-CNTs复合镀层机械性能的影响。结果表明:当峰值电流密度升高时,镀层表面变得粗糙;随着峰值电流密度的增加,镀层中碳的质量分数先增加后下降,当峰值电流密度为80 A/dm~2时,镀层中碳的质量分数达到最大值;镀层的显微硬度和抗拉强度均在峰值电流密度为100 A/dm~2附近时达到其最大值,且高于直流电沉积时所得镀层的显微硬度值和抗拉强度值。说明采用脉冲电沉积工艺可以提高镀层的机械性能。     

电流密度对镀锰层结构及性能的影响

采用电沉积方法在镍基体表面制备镀锰层。研究了电流密度对镀锰层结构及性能的影响。结果表明:当电流密度为6A/dm2时,电流效率达到67.61%,所得镀锰层的表面形貌和晶体结构均较好,硬度为5 060 MPa,自腐蚀电流密度为7.311×10-5 A/cm2。     

电流密度对汽车用碳素钢上镍-铁合金箔性能的影响

研究了电流密度对汽车用碳素钢上镍-铁合金箔性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪分析了合金箔的相结构,并计算出平均晶粒尺寸;采用显微硬度计测量了合金箔的硬度,并用称重法对合金箔在室温和高温条件下的耐磨性进行了评定。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,合金箔中铁元素的质量分数表现为下降的趋势,平均晶粒尺寸表现为增大的趋势,硬度则表现为减小的趋势。在室温和高温条件下,合金箔的磨损量随电流密度的增大表现出相同的变化趋势。当电流密度为1.5～2.5A/dm~2时,合金箔的硬度达到4 300MPa左右,耐磨性较好。     

(Ni-W)-纳米Si3N4复合电镀工艺的研究

研究了(Ni-W)-纳米Si3N4复合镀层的共沉积条件,考察了电流密度、温度和时间等操作条件对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度的影响.结果表明,随着电流密度提高,复合镀层的沉积速率和硬度不断增加,但当电流密度达到16 A/dm2,镀层的硬度下降;合适的镀液温度为75℃左右,沉积时间约60 min.     

电沉积处理络合-超滤过程中含镍浓缩液

在络合-超滤处理含镍废水并得到镍离子质量浓度为418 mg/L浓缩液的基础上,考察了电沉积法处理含镍浓缩液过程中电流密度、初始pH、电解时间、温度、极距、搅拌等参数对电流效率和镍回收率的影响。结果表明:当电流密度、电解时间增加时,电流效率随之下降,而镍回收率增大;当pH、极距增大时,电流效率和镍回收率均先增大后减小;温度升高、低速搅拌均可提高电流密度与镍回收率。在电流密度为3.5 m A/cm~2,pH=4,温度为50℃,电解时间为130 min,极距为10 cm并加入低速搅拌的最优操作条件下,电流效率最高可达42%,镍回收率可达52%,并探讨了电沉积机理。     

超重力对Al-6%Cu合金凝固组织的影响

利用离心旋转加热炉研究了超重力对Al-6%Cu合金凝固组织细化及析出相形貌的影响. 结果表明,超重力场可细化晶粒,在常重力条件下(重力系数G=1),初生铝相主要为粗大的等轴晶,晶粒直径为112 mm;在超重力条件下,当G分别为100, 300, 500和700时,晶粒直径分别减小为85, 77, 70和63 mm,晶粒细化,且超重力越大晶粒细化越明显. 超重力场可改善Al2Cu析出相的形貌,有效提高合金性能,G=1时Al2Cu相主要为粗大的不规则块状,合金硬度为59.9 MPa;当G分别为100, 300, 500和700时,Al2Cu相逐渐转变为细小的块状和球状,硬度分别增大为68.4, 73.2, 74.4和74.9 MPa,且超重力越大,Al2Cu相越细小、致密,合金的硬度也越高.     

电流密度对纳米晶Ni-Fe合金镀层性能的影响

采用直流电沉积技术在黄铜基体上制备出纳米晶Ni-Fe合金镀层。研究了电流密度对合金镀层的表面形貌、成分、相结构、硬度和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当电流密度为3A/dm2时,镀层的硬度较高,为6 000MPa;电流密度为5A/dm2时,所制得的合金镀层的耐蚀性最好,自腐蚀电流密度约为0.140μA/cm2,膜电阻约为166 900Ω。     

工艺条件对电沉积Ni-金刚石复合镀层性能的影响

研究了温度、电流密度、pH等工艺条件对镍-金刚石复合镀层性能的影响。实验表明,在金刚石含量为40 g/L的瓦特镀镍液中,当电流密度为1.5 A/dm2、温度为40℃、pH为3.8时,在45#钢上可获得性能较好的镍-金刚石复合镀层,且沉积速率适中。镀层中金刚石微粒含量为11%~13%(质量分数),镀层硬度为2100 MPa左右,耐磨性能较好。     

复合材料模具表面电铸镍钴合金研究

采用氨基磺酸镍镀液作为电铸的研究体系,并在镀液中加入氨基磺酸钴,对镍钴合金电铸层的内应力、组成、硬度、抗拉强度等进行了测试。结果表明,金属在沉积层中的含量与沉积速度有关,沉积速度与交换电流密度有关;当Co2 质量浓度为8 g/L,pH 3.5~4.4,电铸温度50℃,电流密度6 A/dm2时,得到的电铸层硬度为570HV,抗拉强度为1 487 MPa。     

Effects of anode materials in the electroforming of iron-nickel alloy foil

The effects of soluble and insoluble anodes upon the composition and mechanical properties of iron-nickel alloy foil of thickness about 0.1 mm have been studied. The soluble materials include stainless steels, main constituents 17.5–19% Cr, 9–11% Ni or 16–18% Cr, 0.5% Ni, and iron-nickel alloys of composition 60% Fe, 40% Ni or 30% Fe, 70% Ni. The performance of these materials is compared with graphite, an insoluble anode. The presence of chromium as a constituent in soluble anodes has an adverse effect on the electroforming process: the current efficiency of metal deposition is reduced, as is the working current density for the production of foil of acceptable quality and with satisfactory mechanical properties. The nickel content of the alloy foil can be increased, and the quality of the foil improved, by using iron-nickel anodes which are free of chromium.     

The effects of nickel and cobalt and their interaction with antimony on zinc electrowinning from industrial acid sulphate electrolyte

The effects of nickel and cobalt and their interaction with antimony on the electrowinning of zinc from industrial acid sulphate electrolyte were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Concentrations of cobalt as high as 20 mgl^–1 had no effect on the zinc deposition current efficiency. The current efficiency decreased rapidly when the electrolyte contained >5 mgl^–1 nickel. Neither cobalt or nickel had an effect on the morphology of the 1-h zinc deposits. Nickel and cobalt caused characteristic changes in the cyclic voltammograms for zinc deposition. As a result this technique might provide a rapid means for evaluating the electrolyte prior to zinc electrowinning. The combined presence of cobalt and antimony in the zinc electrolyte was more deleterious to zinc electrowinning than was the combined presence of nickel and antimony. The presence of 0.08 mgl^–1 antimony in the electrolyte counteracted the effect of nickel both on the current efficiency for 1-h deposits and on the zinc deposition polarization curves.     

Characterization of carbons formed on nickel surfaces

Carbonaceous materials formed in small quantities (?4 mg) on nickel surfaces by pyrolysis of buta-1,3-diene and propene have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conjunction with electron and X-ray diffraction techniques, laser Raman studies, density measurements, hydrogen microanalysis and plasma gasification experiments. The products identified were nickel carbide, a disordered carbon of columnar morphology, a more-ordered laminar material, filamentous carbon and a polymeric species that condensed out as droplets on the nickel foil surface during cooling. The relative amounts of these products were dependent upon the temperature of reaction as measured at the centre of the foil. The different forms of carbonaceous material could be produced simultaneously on the foil surface as a consequence of the temperature gradient along the length of the foil. The formation of carbon on thin crystalline evaporated films of nickel is also described and compared with deposition on the bulk nickel foils. Carbon growth mechanisms are discussed.     

超声波对硫酸盐镀镍及镀层性能的影响研究

研究了硫酸盐镀镍过程中施加超声波对阴极极化能力、阴极电流效率、分散能力、电化学反应阻抗、镀层内应力和硬度的影响。结果表明,镀镍过程中施加超声波能够降低阴极极化、提高阴极电流效率、改善电解液的分散能力、减小镍沉积阻抗;还能细化镀层晶粒、降低镀层内应力、提高镀层的硬度。     

Effect of organic extractants on the electrocrystallization of nickel from aqueous sulphate solutions

The effect of the presence of commercial organic extractants LIX 84I, Cyanex 272, D2EHPA, Versatic 10 and TBP with or without Mg²⁺ on various electrodeposition parameters for nickel deposition on stainless steel cathode from aqueous sulphate solutions was investigated. The parameters included cathodic current efficiency, deposit morphology, crystal orientation and cathodic polarization. There was no significant variation in the current efficiency in the presence of these additives, but changes were observed in the deposit morphologies and crystal orientations even though all the deposits were bright, smooth and coherent. Changes were also observed in the cathodic polarization behaviour during nickel electrocrystallization in the presence of these additives. The effect of the additives on the electrokinetic parameter, exchange current density (i ₀) has also been investigated.     

Multilayered graphene films prepared at moderate temperatures using energetic physical vapour deposition

Carbon films were energetically deposited onto copper and nickel foil using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition system. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy showed that graphene films of uniform thickness with up to 10 layers can be deposited onto copper foil at moderate temperatures of 750 °C. The resulting films, which can be prepared at high deposition rates, were comparable to graphene films grown at 1050 °C using chemical vapour deposition (CVD). This difference in growth temperature is attributed to dynamic annealing which occurs as the film grows from the energetic carbon flux. In the case of nickel substrates, it was found that graphene films can also be prepared at moderate substrate temperatures. However much higher carbon doses were required, indicating that the growth mode differs between substrates as observed in CVD grown graphene. The films deposited onto nickel were also highly non uniform in thickness, indicating that the grain structure of the nickel substrate influenced the growth of graphene layers.     

Co3O4/碳纳米管复合膜的超级电容器性能

采用电泳沉积法在镍片上沉积Co3O4/碳纳米管(CNT)复合膜。利用XRD、SEM和TEM对Co3O4/CNT复合膜进行物性分析,利用循环伏安和恒流充放电测试表征电容性能。研究表明在CNT表面成功包覆了一层Co3O4壳层,形成独特的核/鞘纳米电缆结构。电化学测试表明,Co3O4/CNT复合膜电极具有较好的电容性能,在充放电电流密度为0.5 mA/cm^2时,比电容高达282 F/g;增加电流密度到15 mA/cm2时,比电容为209 F/g,并具有优异的循环稳定性。     

Effect of Mg2+, Li+, Na+ and K+ on the Electrocrystallization of Nickel from Aqueous Sulfate solutions containing Boric Acid

The effects of metal ions such as Mg²⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ on the cathodic current efficiency, deposit morphology, crystallographic orientation and polarization behaviour during nickel deposition on stainless steel from aqueous sulfate solutions containing boric acid were investigated. There was virtually no change in current efficiency in presence of these metal ions, but changes were observed in the deposit morphologies and crystal orientations even though all the deposits looked bright, smooth and coherent. Changes were also observed in the polarization behaviour during nickel electrocrystallization in presence and absence of boric acid. An attempt has been made to correlate the effect of these metal ions on various parameters studied.