槽式太阳能热发电站集热场安装布置浅析

在槽式太阳能热发电站的设计中,由于集热场集热器设备外形较大,布置安装整个集热器装置是太阳能热发电站厂区规划设计的核心工作之一。本文从工艺角度出发,对集热场整个场地设备管道布置的问题进行了探讨,提出了厂区集热场集热器、导热油系统相关设备管道等布置的基本原则和方案,以达到提高槽式太阳能热发电站设计水平,持续规模化发展我国槽式太阳能热发电项目的目标。     

槽式太阳能热发电站全厂导热油系统设计探讨

针对在槽式太阳能热发电站全厂导热油系统设计过程中经常遇到的一些问题,借鉴国内外标准规范和一些工程经验,就槽式太阳能热发电站全厂导热油系统各分系统的设计特点及功能等问题进行了探讨,并给出了针对性的设计方法,以提高全厂导热油系统的安全性和可靠性。     

国标《塔式太阳能光热发电站设计标准》关键共性技术

      目的     塔式光热发电是我国首批太阳能热发电示范项目的主流型式。为了促进科技进步,推动产业发展,有必要对塔式光热发电站的设计进行规范。      方法     在总结分析塔式光热发电站设计经验的基础上,对光热发电设计的共性原则和关键技术进行了研究,给出了适用范围、规模划分、设计寿命等共性原则,重点研究了太阳能资源评估、集热系统与设备、储热系统与设备、自动化系统等关键技术方案。      结果     确定了塔式光热发电站的主要设计方案,给出了发电量估算方法,制定了世界首部太阳能光热发电设计标准《塔式太阳能光热发电站设计标准》。标准为国内塔式光热发电项目的开发、建设和运行提供了技术支撑,其主要内容已经上升为国际标准IEC62862-4-1《塔式太阳能光热发电站设计总体要求》。      结论     标准可对塔式光热发电站的设计提供指导。     

太阳能雾化闪蒸DSG热发电的试验研究

一引言在槽式太阳能热发电系统中,采用DSG(direct steam generation)即直接蒸汽发电技术,可替代昂贵的传热流体导热油,显著降低制造成本,提高光热转换效率,但压力波动等技术障碍阻碍了DSG技术的应用。至今在太阳能热发电领域,还没有采用DSG技术的抛物槽式电站。目前,太阳能热发电期待突破的科技前沿主要是降低成本、替代合成导热油和热交换器、提高热力学效率三项课题。一些科研人员正以DSG技术为突破口,提高太阳能热发电的竞争力,从而实现太阳能热发     

槽式太阳能光热发电油盐换热装置设计优化

简要介绍油盐换热装置的工作原理,熔盐、导热油介质的特性。分析在设计槽式太阳能光热发电的关键设备油盐换热装置时需要考虑的问题,并详细描述油盐换热设备的设计方案。     

槽式太阳能热发电站中导热油的低温分步注油工艺流程介绍

中国广核新能源控股有限公司投建并已投产的德令哈50 MW槽式太阳能热发电站是我国国内首座建设在高寒地区的大型槽式太阳能热发电站。该电站以导热油作为传热工质,但由于高寒地区的气温在绝大部分时间不能满足导热油的注入条件,且无相关的低温条件下注入导热油的经验,导致在此气候条件下注入导热油存在风险高、难度大的问题。针对在该热发电站中需注入的导热油量大、导热油系统复杂、管道多、管道直径细、导热油常温下凝结(凝结点为12℃)等特点,提出了一套成熟的低温分步注油工艺流程。该工艺流程将整个导热油系统注油分成多个小单元实行分批注入,并采取了提高初始注油温度、利用集热管集热、利用热空气对系统管道进行加热、通过排放阀排放管道端部的低温导热油等措施。通过实际验证,采用该低温分步注油工艺最终成功实现了在冬季时对德令哈50 MW槽式太阳能热发电站注入导热油。以期将该低温分步注油工艺流程广泛应用于国内西北地区及其他类似气候条件下的槽式太阳能热发电站的建设过程中。     

太阳能热发电技术的进展及现状

介绍了槽式、塔式和盘式太阳能热利用发电站的发展史和技术现状.指出槽式太阳能热发电站的功率可至1000MW,是所有太阳能热发电站中功率最大的,其年收益也最高.塔式太阳能热利用发电站的功率可至100MW,与槽式系统相比,在商业上还不成熟.但高温型塔式系统和燃气轮机混合发电或和混合发电站联合发电最具市场化前景.盘式太阳能热发电系统功率5～1000kW,它用在流动场所,应用范围大,除可满足用电需求,还可代替柴油机组.     

槽式太阳能热发电站的设计

针对槽式热发电系统的集热器进行分析,讨论了集热器的光学效率和集热管热损失模型,在此基础上利用Solar Advisor model 2010软件并结合经验数据,模拟和计算了槽式太阳能热发电系统的集热器面积,为槽式太阳能热发电站设计提供理论依据。     

太阳能光热发电技术发展现状

介绍太阳能光热发电技术系统：塔式、槽式和碟式3种太阳能光热发电系统,对各类太阳能光热发电技术与常规发电技术进行分析对比,阐述3种太阳能光热发电技术的发展现状及其存在的问题,说明太阳能光热发电具有的广阔应用前景。     

太阳能光热与热电耦合发电技术综述(上)

正1太阳能光热发电技术概述太阳能光热发电即聚光太阳能热发电(Concentrating Solar Power),也称CSP,是太阳能发电中不同于光伏发电的另一种技术。光热发电技术是利用光聚焦原理,把太阳光线的分散能量进行高度聚集,通过吸热器中工质吸收阳光热能,直接或间接地加热水,产生一定参数的蒸汽,然后送往汽轮发电机组进行发电。实际应用的主要技术种类有槽式、塔式、碟式和线性菲涅尔式。1.1槽式光热发电技术分别采用槽式聚光镜和吸热管来聚焦和吸收太阳光热能,进而转化成电能。槽式聚光镜是一种高精密度的太阳反射镜,按主要制造材料可分为两种:玻璃反射镜和铝板反射镜,反射镜的横     

Solar thermodynamic plants for cogenerative industrial applications in southern Europe

The paper deals with the preliminary design and optimization of cogenerative solar thermodynamic plants for industrial users. The considered plants are all based on proven parabolic trough technology, but different schemes have been analyzed: from a conventional configuration with indirect steam cycle and a heat transfer fluid such as synthetic oil or molten salts, to a more innovative arrangement with direct steam generation in the solar field. Thermodynamic parameters of the steam cycle have been optimized considering some constraints due to the heat requirements of the user, leading to a preliminary design of the main components of the system and an estimation of costs. Resulting net electric efficiency is about 10% for conventional synthetic oil plant, while 13% for innovative molten salts and DSG.A comparison with conventional solar thermodynamic systems for electricity production and photovoltaic power plants shows the economic and energetic benefits of the cogenerative solution. Cost of electricity for solar plant is cheaper of about 20 €/MWh than conventional solar power application. Moreover, heat recovery allows to achieve a further 50% of CO₂ emission savings compared to reference solar plants for only electricity production.     

太阳能热发电厂厂用电率计算方法分析

文章主要解决了太阳能热发电设计领域的厂用电计算思路及方法的问题。太阳能热发电已成为我国新能源发电的重要发展方向,太阳能热发电厂用电率的计算目前还没有相关的规程规范。在研究过程中,采用对太阳能热发电厂的运行模式与火力发电厂运行模式进行对比分析的方法,得出火力发电厂厂用电率的计算方法不适用于太阳能热发电厂的研究结果。通过对槽式太阳能热发电厂集热场系统、吸热传热系统、储热系统、常规岛系统分别进行分析,提出了槽式太阳能热发电厂厂用电量的计算方法,得出了太阳能热发电厂应采用长序列代表年辐照值,逐时计算代表年的发电量和厂用电量,以其比值来计算厂用电率的结论;提出了槽式太阳能热发电厂厂用电率的计算思路和方法,可供塔式太阳能热发电厂参考,对我国太阳能热发电厂的设计发展起到推动作用。     

Entropy generation and Carnot efficiency comparisons of high temperature heat transfer fluid candidates for CSP plants

Heat transfer fluid is a critical component in a concentrating solar power plant. A large quantity of heat transfer fluid is required to transfer heat between the solar collector and the power block, thus it is crucial to select the most appropriate heat transfer fluid in order to maximize the system performance. The present study compared the performances of five molten-salt eutectic mixtures in regarding with the entropy generation rate and the Carnot efficiency of using them as heat transfer fluids. All the five molten-salt eutectic mixtures have thermal stability temperatures above 600 °C. Effects of the tube lengths in the steam generation heat exchanger and the receiver heat exchanger as well as the heat transfer fluid flow rate on both the entropy generation rate and the Carnot cycle efficiency were investigated. The results indicate that the carbonate salts has the worst performances compared to the other eutectic mixtures. The three chloride salts have slightly higher entropy generation rate and 5% higher Carnot efficiency than the Solar Salt. Therefore the three chloride salts are suggested to be used in advanced concentrating solar power tower plants as potential high temperature heat transfer fluids.     

Conceptual design and techno-economic assessment of integrated solar combined cycle system with DSG technology

Direct steam generation (DSG) in parabolic trough collectors causes an increase to competitiveness of solar thermal power plants (STPP) by substitution of oil with direct steam generation that results in lower investment and operating costs. In this study the integrated solar combined cycle system with DSG technology is introduced and techno-economic assessment of this plant is reported compared with two conventional cases. Three considered cases are: an integrated solar combined cycle system with DSG technology (ISCCS-DSG), a solar electric generating system (SEGS), and an integrated solar combined cycle system with HTF (heat transfer fluid) technology (ISCCS-HTF).This study shows that levelized energy cost (LEC) for the ISCCS-DSG is lower than the two other cases due to reducing O&M costs and also due to increasing the heat to electricity net efficiency of the power plant. Among the three STPPs, SEGS has the lowest CO₂ emissions, but it will operate during daytime only.     

基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的太阳能光伏热系统的研究进展

在太阳能光伏热系统中,光伏电池温度过高会导致太阳能发电效率下降。相变微胶囊悬浮液(MEPCMS)是一种潜热型功能性流体,将其作为冷却介质用于太阳能光伏热系统可以有效降低光伏电池温度,提高系统的能量利用率。针对相变微胶囊易泄露、导热性差等问题提出了改性方法,使其具有光热转换功能并提升了综合性能。基于性能评价指标分析了太阳能光伏热系统性能的影响因素。结果发现,流速、浓度和太阳辐照量是影响MEPCMS在太阳能光伏热系统中换热性能的关键因素。适当增加MEPCMS浓度和流速能提高工质的换热性能,在降低光伏板温度的同时增加太阳辐照量和系统热电产量,但需结合太阳辐照量大小合理匹配工质的浓度和流速。未来研究方向可集中在提升MEPCMS在太阳能光伏热系统中的换热性能、探究运行参数和太阳辐照量之间的匹配关系、优化集热器结构、利用其蓄热性解决太阳能间歇性等方面。     

大型太阳能烟囱发电站热力分析与计算

利用热力学方法建立太阳能烟囱发电系统中集热棚、烟囱及风力透平的热气流能量转换过程的理论模型及求解方法.鉴于太阳能烟囱发电站的大尺寸特征,采用一维假设建立热气流传热模型,使用龙格-库塔方法对非线性能量方程进行数值求解.对集热棚直径3 600 m,烟囱高950 m,设计功率100 MW的大型太阳能烟囱发电站进行分析与计算,给出了该电站的风力透平轴功率随质量流量和太阳辐射强度变化的规律,为风力透平机组提供热力气动设计参数,为大规模开发利用太阳能提供借鉴.     

CFETR聚变发电厂的储能技术适用性分析

  目的  中国聚变工程实验堆（CFETR）具有功率周期性输出特性,无法直接满足常规发电设备的稳定连续输入需求,CFETR聚变发电厂需要在核岛和常规岛之间配置针对性的工艺系统。  方法  通过调研光热发电工程应用以及聚变发电相关研究,基于CFETR聚变堆初步预期性能,从储能与补能对比、储能技术类型、储热介质、储热系统方案等方面进行分析讨论。  结果  对于采用水冷包层、氦冷包层的聚变堆,分别推荐配置以氢化三联苯型导热油、Solar salt熔融盐为储热介质的间接式双罐显热储热系统,以保证发电侧系统的稳定连续运行。  结论  上述储能技术方案具备规模化商业应用条件,可为CFETR聚变发电厂的整体设计提供支撑。     

Transient performance of direct steam generation solar power plants

Parabolic trough power plants are currently the most commercial systems for electricity generation. In this study, a transient numerical simulation of a solar power plant was developed by using direct steam generation (DSG) technology. In this system, condensate water from a Rankine cycle is pumped directly to solar parabolic trough collectors. The pressurized water is heated and evaporated before being superheated inside the solar collectors and directed back to the steam turbines, where the Rankine cycle is a reheated‐regenerative cycle. The plant performance with saturated steam production is compared with the performance of a superheated plant. A mathematical model of each system component is presented, with the solar power cycle modeled by the TRNSYS‐17 simulation program. Annual transient performance, including plant power and efficiency, is presented for both plants. As expected, the power of the superheated plant outperforms the saturated plant by approximately 45%, whereas the efficiency decreases by approximately 10%. Furthermore, the power of such plants is considerably improved under the weather of Makkah, 22.4°N, and it is approximately 40 MW for both the spring and autumn seasons. The annual generated energy is approximately 8062 MWh. The levelized electricity cost (LEC) was estimated for both the DSG and the corresponding synthetic oil plants. The DSG plant has an approximately 3% higher LEC than a synthetic oil plant with heat storage and an approximately 11.2% lower LEC than an oil plant if the plant has no storage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Greenhouse gas reduction in oil sands upgrading and extraction operations with thermochemical hydrogen production

This paper examines various methods of reducing CO₂ emissions by a thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle of hydrogen production, for in-situ extraction and upgrading of bitumen to synthetic crude oil in Alberta’s oil sands. Particular focus is given to Canada’s SCWR (Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor) as a nuclear heat source for the Cu–Cl cycle, although other heat sources such as solar or industrial waste heat can be utilized. The feasibility of steam generation from supercritical water of a SCWR power plant is examined for bitumen extraction, as well as hydrogen production for bitumen upgrading via an integrated Cu–Cl cycle with SCWR. The heat requirements for bitumen extraction from the oil sands, and the hydrogen requirements for bitumen upgrading, are examined. A new layout of oil sands upgrading operations with integrated SCWR and a Cu–Cl cycle is presented. The reduction of CO₂ emissions due to the integrated SCWR and Cu–Cl cycle is quantitatively investigated based on the expected bitumen production capacity over the next two decades.     

Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is an electricity generation technology that concentrates solar irradiance through heliostats onto a small area, the receiver, where a heat transfer medium, currently a fluid (HTF), is used as heat carrier towards the heat storage and power block. It has been under the spotlight for a decade as one of the potential or promising renewable and sustainable energy technologies.Using gas/solid suspensions as heat transfer medium in CSP has been advocated for the first time in the 1980′s and this novel concept relies on its possible application throughout the full CSP plant, i.e., in heat harvesting, conveying, storage and re-use, where it offers major advantages in comparison with the common heat transfer fluids such as water/steam, thermal fluids or molten salt. Although the particle suspension has a lower heat capacity than molten salts, the particle-driven system can operate without temperature limitation (except for the maximum allowable wall temperature of the receiver tubes), and it can also operate with higher hot-cold temperature gradients. Suspension temperatures of over 800 °C can be tolerated and achieved, with additional high efficiency thermodynamic systems being applicable. The application of high temperature particulate heat carriers moreover expands the possible thermodynamic cycles from Rankine steam cycles to Brayton gas cycles and even to combined electricity generating cycles.This review paper deals with the development of the particle-driven CSP and assesses both its background fundamentals and its energy efficiency. Among the cited systems, batch and continuous operations with particle conveying loops are discussed. A short summary of relevant particle-related properties, and their use as heat transfer medium is included. Recent pilot plant experiments have demonstrated that a novel bubbling fluidized bed concept, the upflow bubbling fluidized bed (UBFB), recently adapted to use bubble rupture promoters and called dense upflow fluidized bed (DUFB), offers a considerable potential for use in a solar power tower plant for its excellent heat transfer at moderate to high receiver capacities.For all CSP applications with particle circulation, a major challenge remains the transfer of hot and colder particles among the different constituents of the CSP system (receiver to storage, power block and return loop to the top of the solar tower). Potential conveying modes are discussed and compared. Whereas in solar heat capture, bubbling fluidized beds, particle falling films, vortex and rotary furnaces, among others, seem appropriate, both moving beds and bubbling fluidized beds are recommended in the heat storage and re-use, and examined in the review.Common to all CSP applications are the thermodynamic cycles in the power block, where different secondary working fluids can be used to feed the turbines. These thermodynamic cycles are discussed in detail and the current or future most likely selections are presented.Since the use of a back up fuel is recommended for all CSP systems, the hybrid operation with the use of alternative fuel back-up is also included in the review.The review research is concluded by scale-up data and challenges, and provides a preliminary view into the prospects and the overall economy of the system. Market prospects for both novel concentrated solar power are expected to be excellent. Although the research provided lab- and pilot-scale based design methods and equations for the key unit operations of the novel solar power tower CSP concept, there is ample scope for future development of several topics, as finally recommended.