卵巢癌患者手术前后IL-2、IL-6及T细胞亚群水平改变的临床意义

目的 探讨卵巢癌患者细胞免疫状况及IL-2、IL-6及T细胞亚群与临床的关系。方法ELISA法检测血清IL-2、IL-6水平，免疫荧光法检测T细胞亚群。结果40例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者手术前及术后7天IL-2产生能力降低，IL-6水平升高，与术后第6疗程化疗结束后4周相比差异有显著意义(P＜0．01)；术前临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者IL-2活性低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者，IL-6水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期水平(P＜0．05)；CD4细胞显著减少，CD4／CD8明显降低，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者比较差异有显著意义(P＜0．01)；术后复发的6例患者血清IL-6持续增高。结论 对IL-2、IL-6及T细胞亚群的定期检测有助于观察卵巢恶性肿瘤患者病情变化，为其预后判断提供重要的参考。     

可溶性IL—2R、IL—6及T细胞亚群测定在卵巢良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的研究外周血中可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和淋巴细胞亚群在鉴别良、恶性卵巢病变中的作用和临床意义.方法应用ELISA法、间接免疫荧光法测定了患者外周血sIL-2R、IL-6和T淋巴细胞亚群.结果(1)17例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者入院时sIL-2R明显升高,高达(337.5±158.13)pg/ml,显著高于对照组及卵巢良性病变者(P＜0.001).IL-6浓度变化主要见于卵巢癌患者(P＜0.01),并与临床预后相关;(2)所有患者外周血CD3+和CD8+无明显改变,17例卵巢恶性肿瘤中有13例CD4+细胞显著减少,CD4/CD8比例明显下降,与对照组及良性卵巢病变相比差异显著(P＜0.01);(3)17例卵巢癌患者外周血CD16和CD56的表达均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论测定外周血sIL-2R、IL-6浓度,联合T淋巴细胞亚群分析,不但在一定程度上反映了患者疾病的性质,是一个区别良、恶性卵巢病变的有效指标,同时还是一个方便、敏感,并具有一定特异性的临床指标.     

恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节T细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨恶性肿瘤外周血CD4+CD25+调节T细胞水平的特点及其临床意义.方法采用流式细胞术检测53例恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节T细胞水平及淋巴细胞亚群,并进行分层分析.结果外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析显示恶性肿瘤患者CD4、CD16阳性细胞比例在早期(Ⅰ+Ⅱ期)患者即低于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),CD4/CD8亦低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);随着疾病进展(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)CD4、CD4/CD8、CD16阳性细胞比例减低明显,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);各期CD8、CD19、CD3与对照组接近(P＞0.05).外周血CD4+CD25+调节T细胞比例健康对照组CD4+CD25+T细胞水平为(14.49±4.69)%,恶性肿瘤53例CD4+CD25+T细胞比例为(19.61±8.17)%,统计学有差异(P＜0.05);进一步分层分析显示随疾病进展外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞水平升高,在肿瘤进展期(Ⅳ期)尤其明显,统计学有极显著差异(P＜0.01).结论恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节T细胞水平的升高,与恶性肿瘤免疫功能低下及肿瘤的发生发展密切相关.去除这群细胞可有效诱导肿瘤免疫,为肿瘤治疗提供一种新的方法.     

不同分期肺腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子的变化

[目的]探讨不同分期肺腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群含量、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-4（IL-4）水平的变化。[方法]用直接免疫荧光—流式细胞技术检测37例（Ⅰ期5例、Ⅱ期7例、Ⅲ期11例、Ⅳ期14例）肺腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群含量,ELISA法检测外周血清细胞因子IL-4、INF-γ水平。10例正常人作为对照。[结果]①与正常对照组相比,肺腺癌患者CD3＋CD4＋T细胞亚群比例显著性降低（P=0.000）,且Ⅰ～Ⅱ期明显高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期（P=0.000）;②CD4＋/CD8＋比值与CD16＋CD56＋比例在肺腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期和正常对照组（P=0.000）;③与肺癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期及对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者血清IL-4水平明显升高,INF-γ水平明显降低（P=0.000）;Ⅳ期IL-4水平高于Ⅲ期（P=0.003）,INF-γ水平低于Ⅲ期（P=0.03）。[结论]不同临床分期肺腺癌患者细胞免疫功能有差异,检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子可反映患者的免疫状况。     

硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对胃癌根治术患者围术期免疫功能的影响

 目的 探讨硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对胃癌根治术患者围术期血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 60例行择期胃癌根治术的患者，随机分为2组：全麻组（Ⅰ组）和硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（Ⅱ组）。分别于麻醉前、切皮后1 h、术毕、术后1 d、术后3 d和术后7 d晨采静脉血检测血清IL-6及T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 同麻醉前相比，Ⅰ组术中及术后1 d和3 d血清IL-6浓度显著升高（P＜0.05），而 Ⅱ组则无明显变化。两组切皮后1 h及术毕CD+3、CD+4和CD+4／CD+8均下降，与麻醉前比，P＜0.05；术后1 d下降较显著，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；术后3 d，Ⅱ组T淋巴细胞亚群各指标均已恢复至术前水平，同Ⅰ组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；术后7 d T淋巴细胞亚群各组数据均已恢复至麻醉前水平。结论 硬膜外阻滞可抑制全麻对胃癌患者围术期血清IL-6浓度的增加，减轻免疫功能的抑制，有利于患者术后免疫功能的早期恢复。     

2种不同麻醉方法对腹腔镜结肠癌患者围术期细胞免疫及 IL-6的影响

目的比较2种不同麻醉方法对腹腔镜结肠癌患者围术期细胞免疫及IL-6的影响。方法按照麻醉方式不同将67例行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的患者分为实验组和对照组。实验组患者给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉,对照组患者给予单纯全身麻醉,比较2组患者手术情况、麻醉情况、不同时间T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞以及IL-6水平变化情况。结果2组患者手术时间、术中失血量、晶体液输注量以及胶体液输注量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组患者术中七氟醚吸入平均浓度和术后苏醒后即刻VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均于T2时开始逐渐下降,其中实验组患者在T3时CD3+水平显著低于T1时,在T2~T5时CD4+水平显著低于T1时,在T2~T5时CD4+/CD8+水平显著低于T1时,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患者在T3~T5时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均显著低于T1时,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者T4时CD3+、CD4+水平显著高于对照组,T5时CD4+/CD8+水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者不同时间CD8+和NK细胞水平均无明显变化,组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者IL-6水平均于T2时开始逐渐升高,T2~T5时2组IL-6水平均显著高于T1时,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者T2~T4时IL-6水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外复合全身麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者围术期细胞免疫和IL-6影响较小,较单纯全身麻醉更适合作为腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的优选麻醉方案。     

外周血IL-2水平状态与淋巴细胞亚群比例的关系在乳腺良恶性肿瘤之间的区别

目的：分析外周血白细胞介素2（IL-2）水平与淋巴细胞亚群比例的关系在乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者之间的区别及临床意义.方法：用流式荧光免疫微球分析技术检测46例乳腺癌及41例乳腺增生症伴乳腺纤维腺瘤形成患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子水平,用流式荧光免疫标记技术检测患者外周血CD25＋IL-2受体细胞（CD25^＋IL-2R）、CD3^＋总T淋巴细胞（CD3^＋T）、CD4^＋辅助T辅助细胞（CD4^＋TH）、CD8^＋杀伤/抑制T细胞（CD8^＋TCS）、CD56^＋NK细胞（CD56^＋NK）和CD19^＋总B淋巴细胞（CD19^＋B）比例.结果：外周血IL-2水平和淋巴细胞亚群比例在乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者之间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;在乳腺癌中,IL-2水平在检测线以下组（IL-2=0）与检测线以上组（IL-2＞0）比较,CD25^＋IL-2R细胞、CD4^＋TH细胞和CD56^＋NK细胞比例（%）差异有统计学意义,与IL-2水平呈负相关;在乳腺良性肿瘤中,IL-2水平在检测线以下组（IL-2=0）与检测线以上组（IL-2＞0）比较,CD19^＋B淋巴细胞比例差异有统计学意义（P=0.05）,与IL-2水平呈负相关.结论：乳腺癌患者外周血IL-2水平状态与IL-2-R细胞、Th细胞、NK细胞比例呈负相关,乳腺良性肿瘤患者外周血IL-2水平状态与总B淋巴细胞比例呈负相关.     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者淋巴细胞亚群特点及利妥昔单抗对其影响的临床研究

目的 探讨不同分期的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群特点,以及应用利妥昔单抗治疗后淋巴细胞亚群的变化.方法 应用流式细胞术检测初治DLBCL患者应用利妥昔单抗(R)加CHOP方案(35例),CHOP方案(60例)化疗前后以及健康人(33名)外周血的淋巴细胞表型.结果 DLBCL患者总T细胞、CD+4细胞计数,CD4/CD8比值均低于健康对照组,CD+8细胞计数则明显高于健康对照组,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者尤为突出(P＜0.01);Ⅰ～Ⅳ期患者NK细胞计数均显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),但Ⅲ～Ⅳ期较Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者有所降低(P＜0.05);Ⅰ～Ⅳ期DLBCL患者外周血B细胞计数与健康对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).RCHOP组患者与CHOP组患者化疗后总T细胞、CD+4细胞、CD+8细胞、NK细胞计数,CD4/CD8比值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但化疗后前者B细胞计数显著低于后者(P＜0.01).结论 DLBCL患者存在细胞免疫调节异常,并与临床分期、病情进展密切相关.淋巴细胞亚群检测为DLBCL诊断、病情评价提供了简易可行的免疫学指标.利妥昔单抗对患者T细胞及NK细胞无明显影响,可引起B细胞显著降低,但机会性感染发生率并未增加.     

支气管动脉灌注化疗对肺癌患者血清SIL-2R及T细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨肺癌患者支气管动脉灌注化疗前后血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体(SIL-2R)、T细胞亚群的变化及临床意义.方法 选择肺癌患者30例,于支气管动脉灌注(BAI)化疗前、化疗后2周、4周,分别采用双抗体夹心(ELISA)法及碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶(APAAe)法检测血清SIL-2R、T细胞亚群的变化,并与30例健康者作对比分析.结果 肺癌患者SIL-2R水平、CD8细胞显著高于健康者,同时CD3细胞、CD4细胞、CD4/CD8比值低于健康对照组.按TNM分期,Ⅲ期患者SIL-2R水平高于Ⅱ期(P＜0.01),Ⅳ期高于Ⅲ期(P＜0.05).BAI治疗后2周血清SIL-2R水平、T细胞亚群与治疗前比较未见明显变化(P＜0.01),治疗后4周血清SIL-2R、CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值升高,CD8下降(P＜0.01).结论 动态观察肺癌患者BAI治疗前后血清SIL-2R水平、T细胞亚群变化可监测机体的免疫状况,有助于判断病情及预后,指导临床综合治疗;对首次接受BAI治疗的患者在4周后进行第二次治疗较为恰当.     

伐昔洛韦预防多发性骨髓瘤并发带状疱疹的有效性及对患者血清IFN-γ、IL-6水平的影响

目的:探讨伐昔洛韦预防多发性骨髓瘤并发带状疱疹的疗效及对患者血清IFN-γ和IL-6水平的影响。方法:将100例我院收治的多发性骨髓瘤患者随机分为观察组及对照组。两组患者均接受PAD化疗方案,观察组患者在此基础上口服盐酸伐昔洛韦片。比较两组患者治疗后的疗效、带状疱疹发生率及不良反应发生情况;比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后血清IFN-γ、IL-6及T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋及CD4＋/CD8＋)水平。结果:两组患者总有效率相比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);观察组患者带状疱疹发生率(2.0%)低于对照组患者(20.0%)(P＜0.01);观察组患者恶心呕吐及乏力发生率均高于对照组患者(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组患者血清IFN-γ水平高于对照组患者(P＜0.01),IL-6水平低于对照组患者(P＜0.01);治疗后,观察组患者血液CD3＋、CD4＋及CD4＋/CD8＋水平均高于对照组患者(P＜0.01),CD8＋水平低于对照组患者(P＜0.01)。结论:伐昔洛韦能够有效预防多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗期间带状疱疹的发生,不影响化疗的疗效,同时安全性较高,并能够调节IFN-γ、IL-6及T淋巴细胞亚群的水平。     

IL-1 and IL-4 as reciprocal regulators of IL-2 induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity.

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) suppresses the interleukin 2 (IL-2) induced lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell development from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Suppression is observed at high (1,000 U ml-1) as well as low (10 U ml-1) concentrations of IL-2. IL-4 needs to be present at the beginning of the IL-2 culture to exert the suppressive effect. IL-4 also inhibits the development of CD25 (Tac) antigen on the PBMC cultured in IL-2. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) can reverse the suppressive effect of IL-4 on LAK induction when added at the early phase of the IL-2 culture. IL-1 enhances IL-2 induced LAK development, which may partially explain the reversion of IL-4 inhibition by IL-1. IL-1 also reverses the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on the development of CD25 antigen expression, although IL-1 alone does not enhance the induction of CD25 expression in PBMC cultured by IL-2. Furthermore, IL-4 suppresses IL-2 induced IL-1 production in PBMC. Thus, suppression of CD25 may be a pathway for the suppression of LAK induction. The expression of CD56 is not directly associated with the expression of LAK activity. IL-4, IL-1 or combination of the two cytokines has no effect on IL-2 induced expression of CD56. These results indicate that IL-4 has an antagonistic effect and IL-1 has a synergistic effect on IL-2-induced LAK development.     

白细胞介素10和白细胞介素6在淋巴瘤中的表达及其意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨白细胞介素（IL）-10和IL-6在不同类型淋巴瘤组织与血浆中的表达及其意义。方法　收集97例淋巴瘤患者石蜡组织和血浆标本,应用免疫组织化学和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）的方法观察组织与血浆中IL-10和IL-6表达情况。结果　IL-10和IL-6在不同类型淋巴瘤组织中皆呈阳性表达,且各亚型之间差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.815,χ2＝0.542,均P＞0.05）;IL-10和IL-6分别在肿瘤中的巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞也有不同程度的阳性表达。淋巴瘤患者血浆IL-10和IL-6水平[（232.57±191.59）pg／ml、（80.70±89.68）pg／ml]高于健康对照组[（59.12±68.35）pg／ml、（45.68±33.66）pg／ml],差异有统计学意义（t＝6.968,t＝2.896,P＜0.05）;血浆IL-10和IL-6水平随肿瘤细胞表达强度增强而增强（χ2＝0.815,χ2＝0.542,P＜0.05）;IL-10和IL-6在淋巴瘤细胞表达强度两者呈正相关（rs＝0.394,P＜0.05）。结论　IL-10和IL-6在淋巴瘤患者淋巴瘤组织和血浆中都有表达,淋巴瘤患者血浆IL-10和IL-6水平高于健康对照组,二者在淋巴瘤的发生、发展中起着一定的作用,可能作为淋巴瘤诊断的辅助指标。     

激光对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统影响的实验研究

 目的: 借助于低能量的He-Ne激光激活免疫机制, 抑制肿瘤的生长。方法: 采用双抗体夹心ELISA法及MTT法对荷瘤小鼠激光照射前后细胞因子（TL-1、IL-6、IL-8）的含量进行检测, 并对其抑制肿瘤作用进行研究。结果: 激光照射瘤鼠脾区具有促进IL-1、IL-8产生, 抑制IL-6及瘤细胞增殖的作用。与对照组相比有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结论: 低能量激光照射具有调节患瘤鼠白细胞介素产生及抗肿瘤作用。     

Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and risk of prostate cancer

Chronic intraprostatic inflammation is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can influence inflammation and immune response and may be related to the risk of prostate cancer. Four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6, and IL-8 were assessed in 503 prostate cancer cases and 652 controls, and three SNPs in IL-10 were assessed in an additional 817 prostate cancer cases and 1,190 controls (for a total of 1,320 prostate cancer cases and 1,255 controls). Cases and controls were selected from the on-going Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and were frequency matched on age, ethnicity, time-period since initial screening, and date of blood draw. Single-locus analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression. In addition, we did a haplotype analysis for the three IL-10 SNPs tested. Overall, no associations were detected between the seven polymorphisms in the four cytokine genes examined in this study and prostate cancer risk. Further stratifying by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not modify the associations. Findings were similar for early or advanced prostate cancers. Similarly, we observed no association between the major IL-10 haplotypes and the risk of prostate cancer. At least seven common polymorphisms in genes of inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 do not seem to play a role in the risk of prostate cancer.     

Interleukin-1 (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) and its receptors (IL-1RI, IL-1RII, and IL-1Ra) in prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The principal components of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family are two secreted factors (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta), two transmembrane receptors (IL-1RI [biologically active] and IL-1RII [inert receptor]), and a natural antagonist receptor of IL-1 function (IL-1Ra). Changes in the expression pattern of these IL-1 members have been reported to be related to disease progression. The objective of the current study was to evaluate these changes in prostatic tissue by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were performed in 20 normal samples, 35 samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 27 samples from patients with prostate carcinoma (PC). RESULTS: In normal prostate samples, immunoreactions to IL-1beta and IL-1RI were positive, whereas there were no immunoreactions observed to IL-1alpha, IL-1RII, or IL-1Ra. In BPH, in addition to immunoreactions to IL-1beta and IL-1RI, immunoreactions to IL-1alpha, IL-1RII, and IL-1Ra were observed in many samples. In samples of PC with low Gleason grade, most tumors had positive immunoreactions to IL-1alpha and IL-1RI. In samples of PC with high Gleason grade, immunoreactions were seen only to IL-1alpha, IL-1RI, and IL-1RII. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggested that high expression levels of IL-1alpha and IL1-RI in epithelial cells in BPH and PC samples were involved in cell proliferation and that the loss of immunoexpression of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra was a characteristic feature of PC compared with normal prostate samples and BPH. Because this loss is progressive up to a complete absence of immunoexpression in PC of high Gleason grade, the evaluation of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra in PC may be significant in assessing for malignancy.     

Human ovarian-carcinoma cell lines express IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Comparison between IL-4- and IL-13-induced signal transduction

We have reported that human ovarian-carcinoma cell lines express high-affinity IL-4 receptor. Since IL-4R has been hypothesized to share a chain with IL-13R, we investigated whether ovarian cancer cells express IL-13 receptor. In the present study, we report that the ovarian-carcinoma cell lines IGROV-1 and PA-1 express varying numbers of high-affinity IL-13 receptors. Furthermore, IL-13 inhibited the binding of IL-4 on both ovarian-carcinoma cell lines, while IL-4 did not inhibit IL-13 binding on IGROV-1 cell line. IL-13 and IL-4 induced the phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2 and Tyk2 Janus kinases in PA-1 cells. In contrast, JAK3 tyrosine kinase was expressed in PA-1 cells, but IL-4 or IL-13 did not augment its phosphorylation. In IGROV-1 cells, Tyk2 was constitutively phosphorylated and this phosphorylation was augmented by IL-4 or IL-13. JAK1 and JAK2 but not JAK3 were expressed but only JAK2 was faintly phosphorylated in response to either IL-13 or IL-4 respectively. IRS (insulin-receptor substrate)-1 and IRS-2 were also phosphorylated constitutively in both ovarian cancer cell lines examined, but only the phosphorylation of IRS-1 was augmented in response to IL-4 or IL-13. STAT6 was phosphorylated and activated in response to IL-4 and IL-13 in all cell lines examined. Our results demonstrate that ovarian cancer cell lines may express 2 types of IL-13R and the IL-13- or IL-4-induced signaling patterns may be slightly different in each type of receptor. Int. J. Cancer, 70:230–240, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

     

Concentration of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cessation of chemotherapy

The immunosuppressive effect of cytotoxic drugs, basic therapeutic agents in the treatment of childhood acute leukemias, requires monitoring of the immune system following cessation of therapy. The cytokines are soluble proteins that play a key role in the immunoregulation of the lymphocyte function. The cytokines regulate growth, differentiation and function of various cells in normal conditions. The aim of our study was to estimate serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after cessation of chemotherapy. The study involved 150 children with ALL. This group consisted of: 30 children 1 month after treatment cessation; 30 children, 3 months later; 30 children 6 months later; 30 children, 9 months later and 30 children, 12 months later. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. The levels of the cytokines under study were assayed using the immunoassay kits (R&D Systems, USA). During the study significant differences in TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IL-8 serum concentrations were observed among treated children and controls. However there were no differences in IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations.     

Serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in breast cancer

Interleukins (ILs) are known to play a fundamental role in cancer. We investigated the serum levels of IL-8 and IL-12, in breast cancer patients, and their relationship with the prognostic parameters and therapy. Fortyeight patients with pathologically verified breast carcinoma and 21 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Serum samples were obtained at baseline and after two cycles of chemotherapy. Serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was no significant difference in the baseline serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels between breast cancer patients and healthy controls (p = 0.365 andp = 0.871, respectively), no significant correlation between the prognostic parameters and the serum IL-8, IL-12 levels. However, in the subgroup consisting of metastatic breast cancer patients, baseline serum IL-8 levels were significantly higher compared with non-metastatic disease (p = 0.047). Anthracycline-based chemotherapy and the addition of taxane did not change the levels of both serum IL-8 and IL-12. Serum IL-8 level may be useful in determining metastatic breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.     

Lack of associations of polymorphisms of IL-7R, IL-13 and IL-15 with NSCLCs in non-smoking Chinese

Studies have shown that immune cells play a key role in lung cancer development. Five SNPs (rs1494555, rs7737000, rs20541, rs1057972 and rs2857261) are associated with lung cancer risk among Caucasians and/or African-Americans, but the polymorphisms may be implicated in different susceptibilities for lung cancer across different populations because of underlying genetic heterogeneity. We therefore conducted a study to examine this relationship in non-smoking Chinese. As a result , no significant associations were observed between SNPs and NSCLCs, whetehr of squamous cell or adenocarcinoma type. Results indicated polymorphisms of IL-7R, IL-13 and IL-15 are not major contributors to NSCLC susceptibility, although we can not rule out synergistic effects with cigarette smoke in NSCLC development in smoking Chinese.     

IL-4和IL-6在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨白细胞介素-4（IL-4）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在前列腺癌发生发展中的作用及其相关性。方法:通过免疫组化（SP）法检测IL-4和IL-6蛋白在56例前列腺癌组织及42例前列腺增生组织中的表达情况,分析IL-4和IL-6在前列腺癌组织表达与临床病理特征的相关性。结果:IL-4和IL-6在前列腺癌组织表达水平明显高于前列腺增生组织,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。IL-4和IL-6在前列腺癌中的表达水平与肿瘤的临床分期、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移等生物学行为显著相关。结论:IL-4和IL-6在前列腺癌组织中高表达,可能存在协同作用,并与前列腺癌侵袭性有关。