33例脂膜炎与结核感染相关性分析

 目的 了解不同类型的脂膜炎患者与结核感染的相关性。方法 纳入2019年1月—2021年12月就诊于常德市第一人民医院33例脂膜炎患者的临床资料，对其临床特征、病理特征、与结核感染的相关性、治疗情况及随访情况进行分析。结果 ①33例脂膜炎患者中,结节性红斑24例，硬红斑9例，男女比例为1 ∶ 4.5，平均年龄46岁，平均病程10个月。②临床发病部位集中在四肢，均伴有疼痛。30例（90.91%)表现为红斑、结节、肿胀，其中1例硬红斑（3.03%）出现溃疡。6例(18.18%)出现发热、咳嗽、盗汗。2例硬红斑患者同时伴有或先后出现丘疹性坏死性结核疹，2例结节性红斑患者伴有全身多关节疼痛。③22例（66.67%,包括9例硬红斑、13例结节性红斑)伴结核分支杆菌潜伏感染（LTBI）。硬红斑患者结核感染阳性率高于结节性红斑患者（P＝0.020）。④皮损组织病理表现为间隔性脂膜炎11例、小叶性脂膜炎3例、混合性脂膜炎19例。与结核感染相关的22例脂膜炎患者病理下多可见上皮细胞肉芽肿、多核巨细胞以及干酪样坏死，其余11例均可见真皮层血管周围及脂肪间隔淋巴细胞浸润，且均未见上皮样肉芽肿及多核巨细胞。33例患者抗酸染色、PAS染色、直接免疫荧光均未见阳性表现。⑤22例与结核感染相关患者中，接受抗结核治疗15例，治愈率为68.18%，拒绝接受抗结核治疗患者7例，治愈率为14.29%。11例结核感染不相关患者采用免疫调节联合治疗，治愈率为100%。所有患者均未出现严重药物不良反应。结论 硬红斑患者的结核感染阳性率比结节性红斑患者高。在结核感染相关的脂膜炎患者中，接受抗结核治疗者治愈率比免疫调节联合治疗者高；对于未发现结核感染证据的结节性红斑，免疫调节治疗可能有效。结节性红斑患者的发病原因可能与结核感染相关。在结核高发地区，结节性红斑患者完善相关筛查极其重要。     

细菌性皮肤病

20101446结核相关结节性红斑的研究进展(综述)/杨勤宇(重庆医大附一院皮肤科),李惠,赵恒光∥中国皮肤性病学杂志.-2010,24(3).-280~282目前认为部分结节性红斑(EN)与结核菌感染关系密切。结核相关EN好发于女性及青少年,最常见的结核病类型是原发型结核和淋巴结结核,但大多数患者缺乏相应的结核病表现。其发病机制与免疫复合物介导的以及细胞介导的免疫机制有关。EN主要根据皮损病理诊断确诊,其组织学表现为不伴血管炎的间隔性脂膜炎,多有间隔增厚,伴各种炎细胞浸润。当怀疑结核菌感染时,则需完善结核菌素试验、结核抗体、胸片、痰培养等各项相关检查以明确诊断。参20(刘彤)20101447     

结核相关结节性红斑的研究进展

结节性红斑(erythema nodosum,EN)是一种常见的间隔性脂膜炎,以红斑、炎症性皮下结节为主要表现。其病因复杂,目前认为部分EN与结核菌感染关系密切。结核相关EN好发于女性及青少年,最常见的结核病类型是原发型结核和淋巴结结核,但大多数患者缺乏相应结核病表现。其发病机制认为与免疫复合物介导的以及细胞介导的免疫机制有关。EN主要根据皮损病理诊断确诊,其组织学表现为不伴血管炎的间隔性脂膜炎,多有间隔增厚,伴各种炎性细胞浸润。当怀疑结核菌感染时,则需完善结核菌素试验、结核抗体、胸片、痰培养等相关检查以明确诊断。认为即使缺乏明确的结核感染证据,对于结核菌素皮肤试验强阳性的患者,尤其是在结核流行病区,应该进行抗痨治疗。     

结节性红斑与结核病的关系探讨

为探讨结节性红斑与结核病的关系,回顾分析56例结节性红斑病例的PPD试验、抗结核抗体结果,并与40例正常人做对照。结果:结节性红斑组的PPD试验强阳性率与正常对照组比较有显著差异,结节性红斑组的抗结核抗体的阳性率与正常对照组比较无显著差异,对PPD试验强阳性的结节性红斑患者,单纯抗结核治疗具有肯定疗效。结节性红斑与结核病的关系密切,抗结核治疗对于结核及其诱发的结节性红斑具有重要意义。     

结核变态反应性结节性红斑临床及实验室观察

结核变态反应性结节性红斑临床及实验室观察薛智安，叶云红，杨河清太原钢铁公司总医院皮肤科（邮政编码０３０００３）我们自１９８９年７月～１９９４年７月，以结核变态反应性观察６４例结节性红斑，报告如下。临床资料１．一般情况：男１０例，女５４例，男女之比１：...     

102例结节性红斑的病因和临床表现分析

分析了102例结节性红斑的病因和临床表现，发现病因未明的占30例（占29.4%)，感染引起者18例（占17.6%)，风湿病引起者54例（占53%），风湿病既可以结节性红斑为首发，也可继发，且皮疹的分布多较广泛。对多部位结节性红斑，特别是伴ESR，CRP，肝功能明显异常的患者要注意合并风湿病的可能。     

与结核相关的脂膜炎研究进展

【摘要】 脂膜炎病因繁多而复杂，感染为重要病因之一，在欧美等结核低发区，以链球菌感染最为常见，但在结核高发地区如我国，结核杆菌感染是脂膜炎的重要因素，以Bazin硬红斑和结节性红斑最为常见。Bazin硬红斑与结核关系最为密切，常表现为下肢屈侧结节、斑块，可出现溃疡，病理表现为小叶性脂膜炎。结节性红斑可作为结核的早期症状出现，可作为结核的预测指标，常表现为双下肢伸侧红斑、结节，极少破溃，间隔性脂膜炎是其病理特征。Bazin硬红斑和结节性红斑的抗结核治疗常可取得理想效果。因此，明确结核分支杆菌与脂膜炎的关系，在脂膜炎的治疗及预后方面，尤其在结核高发地区有着重要意义。     

结节性红斑81例临床分析

目的探讨结节性红斑(EN)的临床特征、实验室检查及其病因。方法将81例患者据其基础疾病分为原发性和继发性两组,将其临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果81例患者中上呼吸道感染者35例(43.21%),关节炎表现24例(29.63%),结核菌素试验(PPD)异常者22例(27.16%),ASO滴度异常者27例(33.33%),血常规WBC计数异常者36例(44.44%),两组原发性EN和继发性EN比较,差异有显著性意义。结论继发性EN的病因与上呼吸道感染、结核杆菌及链球菌感染有密切关系,注重结节性红斑临床表现及实验室检查的差异,有助于寻找病因和治疗。     

银屑病患者血清IgE水平增高的Meta分析

目的：Meta分析银屑病患者血清IgE增高情况。方法：计算机检索1976年1月至2018年1月Pubmed、Embase、 Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库及中国知网等数据库中关于银屑病患者血清IgE相关的研究文献,采用stata12.0软件进行数据分析。结果：纳入符合标准的文献共10篇,共涉及2545例研究对象,其中包含1223例银屑病患者及1322名对照,Meta分析结果显示银屑病患者血清总IgE升高所占比例高于对照组,（OR=2.8595％,95%CI：2.23～3.65）,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：银屑病患者血清总IgE明显增高,可能与银屑病发病有关。     

成人结节性红斑住院患者54例临床及病理特征分析

目的探讨成人结节性红斑(EN)的临床及病理特征。方法回顾2019年11月至2022年7月皖南医学院第一附属医院皮肤性病科收治并经病理组织确诊的54例成人EN临床资料。结果 54例EN患者中, 男6例, 女48例, 年龄18 ～ 73(42.50 ± 11.68)岁, 病程1 d至10年。特发性EN 30例(55.56%), 继发EN 24例(44.44%)。继发性EN中, 17例病因为感染, 包括呼吸道感染9例、结核感染6例、上呼吸道感染合并乙肝病毒感染活动期2例;7例病因为结缔组织病, 包括白塞综合征4例、干燥综合征1例、未分化结缔组织病2例。继发性EN组患者年龄(38.33 ± 12.15)岁, 低于特发性EN组(46.17 ± 10.20)岁(t = 2.58, P = 0.013)。所有EN患者发病部位均包含小腿, 特发性EN中24例局限于双小腿, 继发性EN中12例局限于双小腿, 继发性EN组皮损局限于双小腿患者比例低于特发性EN组(χ2 = 5.44, P = 0.020)。继发性EN组白细胞计数[(7.56 ± 2.46)× 109/L]、C反应蛋白水平[(34.34 ±...     

Primary tuberculosis cases presenting with erythema nodosum

Erythema nodosum (EN) is seen only in the primary tuberculosis (TB) form of tuberculous diseases. Among the etiologies of EN, TB is the most frequent disorder in developing countries. We aimed to assess our patients with EN in reference to primary TB. We evaluated 335 patients with the diagnosis of TB during last 20 years; retrospectively 61 (18%) of these cases had pulmonary and 274 (82%) had extrapulmonary TB. Ten (16%) of the pulmonary TB cases were primary. All 10 patients with primary TB presented with EN. Among 50 patients with EN diagnosed and followed during the last 10 years, the etiology was determined in 56%, and primary TB was the most frequent: 20%.     

An aetiological analysis of erythema nodosum in a community hospital

Erythema nodosum (EN) is a reaction pattern in the skin characterized by septal panniculitis. Infectious diseases are most common cause of EN. This study was aimed to find out the most common causes for EN as seen in a community hospital over a period of two years. Fifteen patients with EN were subjected to detailed clinical and laboratory investigations to establish the etiology. Immuno - fluorescence and PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were performed in relevant patients. Seven cases were diagnosed to be secondary to tuberculosis that was confirmed by a complete resolution of the lesions after a full course of anti TB chemotherapy. In one patient, the EN was drug induced, two were due to polyarteritis nodosa, one was due to SLE, one was due to streptococcal infection, and three were idiopathic in aetiology. Though the number of patients is small, it still establishes the fact that tuberculosis continues to be the most common cause of EN.     

TB.IGRA在海分枝杆菌感染诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨结核感染T细胞γ-干扰素释放实验(TB.IGRA)在海分枝杆菌感染诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析在我院门诊诊疗的疑似海分枝杆菌感染患者,排除结核病患者,根据患者海分枝杆菌qPCR是否阳性分为海分枝杆菌感染组和真菌、普通细菌感染组.应用TB.IGRA检测患者外周血中结核感染特异性T细胞,比较分析T...     

Tspot.TB在艾滋病合并潜伏结核感染的诊断中的应用

目的评价结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-spot.TB)在艾滋病(AIDS)人群中诊断潜伏结核感染的应用价值,了解AIDS患者中潜伏结核感染情况。方法应用T-spot.TB试剂盒对120例AIDS患者的外周血液标本进行检测,并同时进行结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)试验。结果在总体AIDS患者、CD4^+T淋巴细胞计数水平(简称CD4细胞)<200个/μL和≥200个/μL组中,T-spot.TB阳性率为30.8%、32.7%和27.3%,PPD检测阳性率分别为13.3%、9.2%和20.5%。同时,进一步分析发现T-spot.TB检测率与患者免疫状态无关。结论T-spot.TB检测AIDS合并潜伏结核感染阳性率高于PPD试验,T-spot.TB检测对AIDS患者中潜伏结核感染的诊断有较大的应用价值。     

Incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis in patients with organ tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis continues to be a health problem in some countries. The development of resistance to antituberculitic drugs and the increase in diseases and conditions associated with immunodeficiency such as AIDS and chemotherapy have caused tuberculosis to increase recently. As a result, the incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis has been increasing as well. AIM: To detect cutaneous tuberculosis in patients with organ tuberculosis and to establish some characteristics of the relation between organ and cutaneous TB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 370 patients (145 females and 225 males), aged 2-76 years (mean age 27.5), enrolled for this screening study. These patients were hospitalized patients who already had pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed before admission. All patients underwent a general skin examination, and, if needed, cutaneous biopsies were taken from involved skin areas. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-seven (93.78%) out of 370 patients had pulmonary tuberculosis only or in association with one of other organ tuberculoses. Twenty-three patients had extrapulmonary TB: nine were TB adenitis, six were TB peritonitis, three were bone tuberculosis, and five were TB meningitides. Of 370 patients, only 13 (3.51%) had cutaneous TB: seven scrofuloderma (SCD; 2.16%), four lupus vulgaris (LV; 1.35%), one LV and SCD, and one Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) adenitis (0.027%). Cutaneous tuberculosis was observed in seven out of 260 patients with parenchymal tuberculosis (2.96%). Four out of nine patients with TB adenitis (44.4%), one out of 12 pulmopleuretic (8.3%), and one out of 67 pleuresic patients (1.40%) had cutaneous TB as well. Mean age of the 13 patients was 32.46 years: mean age of SCD and LV was 24.8 and 48 years, respectively. The one patient with BCG adenitis was 7 months old. Five (62.5%) out of eight patients with SCD, and only one (20%) out of five patients with LV were new cases. Four patients with SCD had a positive family history, while LV patients did not. CONCLUSIONS: Organ tuberculosis is rarely associated with cutaneous tuberculosis. Scrofuloderma and LV are the most frequent forms of skin TB associated with organ TB in this population. Tuberculosis adenitis is the organ TB that causes cutaneous TB most often among other organ tuberculoses. More than one form of cutaneous TB affected only one patient with pulmonary TB; therefore, it is very rare. Tuberculids were not observed in any of the patients.     

Enhanced anti-mycobacterial immunity in children with erythema nodosum and a positive tuberculin skin test

Erythema nodosum (EN) may follow a variety of infections, but in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, is frequently associated with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and tuberculosis infection. We aimed to investigate the immunological differences between patients with EN as a manifestation of primary tuberculosis, and those with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or asymptomatic infection. We studied the inflammatory response to both mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens in 11 children with EN associated with a positive TST, 22 children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis, and 53 healthy skin test-positive children. In addition, we evaluated functional anti-mycobacterial immunity using an ex vivo assay of mycobacterial growth restriction in five children with EN and 15 with PTB. Patients with EN were distinguished by enhanced mycobacterial growth restriction on the functional assay, which was associated with a markedly increased production of IFNgamma in response to stimulation with purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Children presenting with EN and a positive TST show evidence of responses associated with enhanced anti-mycobacterial immunity.     

Latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis in patients with psoriasis: a study on the incidence of tuberculosis and the prevalence of latent tuberculosis disease in patients with moderate–severe psoriasis in Spain. BIOBADADERM registry

Introduction The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) or the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in psoriasis patients has not been described in the Spanish population. We carried out a study with the objectives: (i) To describe the incidence of TB in patients with psoriasis on systemic treatment in the Spanish population; (ii) To determine the prevalence of LTBI in patients who are candidates for biological treatment; and (iii) To investigate the level of compliance with current recommendations for LTBI and TB screening. Methods Data were obtained from BIOBADADERM (Spanish registry for systemic biological and non‐biological treatments in psoriasis). An analysis was performed of the exposed cohort to determine the prevalence of LTBI and to describe compliance with the screening guidelines. Results A total of 1425 patients were registered in BIOBADADERM. They included 793 (56%) patients exposed to biological treatment and 632 (44%) treated with conventional systemic drug. Overall follow‐up was 3720 person‐years. Of the 793, 20.5% (163) were diagnosed with LTBI before starting biological treatment. The rate of active TB for the exposed cohort was 145 cases × 100 000 patient‐years (95% CI 54–389). No case of TB was found in the control group. Screening for LTBI was performed in 83% of the exposed sample. Conclusion Patients with psoriasis who are exposed to biological treatment appear to be at greater risk for tuberculosis. In Spain, up to 20% of patients with psoriasis who are candidates for biological therapy have LTBI. There continues to be a significant percentage of errors in compliance with clinical guidelines.     

Evolution of cutaneous tuberculosis over the past 30 years in a tertiary hospital on the European Mediterranean coast

Background. There have been few studies on cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) in Europe in recent years. Objective. To retrospectively analyse the evolution of the various types of cutaneous TB over the past 30 years in an adult population in Spain. Methods. Patients with cutaneous TB diagnosed between 1981 and 2011 at Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, were included in the study. Chest radiography was performed for all patients, and the presence of TB elsewhere in the body was excluded when clinically suspected. Results. In total, 36 patients (15 male, 21 female, mean age 53.72 years) were diagnosed with cutaneous TB. There were 22 patients with lupus vulgaris (LV), 4 with scrofuloderma, 4 with miliary TB, 3 with tuberculous abscess/ulcer, and 1 each with orificial TB, warty TB, and an iatrogenic inoculation from underlying visceral focus. Of the 36 patients, 16 (38.88%) had TB presenting simultaneously in other organs. Mycobacterial culture from skin biopsies was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 17 of the 32 cases tested (53.12%), whereas stains for acid‐fast bacilli in skin samples were positive in only 3 of 36 patients (8.33%). Conclusions. Although the number of cases of cutaneous TB diagnosed yearly in our population has declined over the past 30 years, cutaneous TB still exists in Europe, and its incidence is expected to increase, owing to the increased immigration into the continent in recent years. The most common type of cutaneous TB in our adult population was LV. It should be noted that despite being considered a benign form of TB, cutaneous TB can be accompanied by TB in internal organs, and severe complications can occur, such as the development of squamous cell carcinoma in long‐lasting lesions.     

HIV associated culture proved tuberculosis has increased in north central London from 1990 to 1996

OBJECTIVES: To examine rates of culture proved tuberculosis in HIV infected patients in three specialist centres in north central London. METHODS: Cases of tuberculosis in patients with previously documented HIV infection from 1990 to 1996 were identified retrospectively from microbiological/clinical records at Chelsea and Westminster, St Mary's, and University College London Hospitals. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 1996 202 cases of culture proved tuberculosis were identified at the three centres. Of these, 132/202 (65.3%) occurred in homosexual/bisexual men, 41/202 (20.3%) were in patients with heterosexual contact in sub-Saharan Africa, and 29/202 (14.4%) were in "others." Overall 148/202 (73.3%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. The total number of HIV infected individuals seen at the three centres increased from 4298 in 1990 to 5048 in 1996. Rates of tuberculosis in the three centres increased from 0.46% in 1990 to 0.83% in 1996. Part of this increase was due to an increase in tuberculosis among Africans from 1993 to 1996. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of HIV associated tuberculosis increased in these three centres in north central London between 1990 and 1996. In part this was due to an increase in the number of African patients with HIV infection attending the three centres. In addition, there was circumstantial evidence of recent transmission among homosexual men with HIV infection. Prospective "real time" surveillance of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients is needed in order to detect case clustering and to improve tuberculosis control.     

Erythema nodosum in children: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: The studies of series of children with erythema nodosum (EN) are limited and mostly retrospective. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, course, and prognosis of EN in children. METHODS: Thirty-five children with EN (17 boys, 18 girls; mean age, 8.79 years) have been studied. Four excluded children proved, on biopsy, to have leukocytoclastic vasculitis (n = 3) or eosinophilic cellulitis (n = 1). RESULTS: In 27 of the 35 children (77%), the etiology of EN was established by laboratory investigations. In 25 children the causative factor of EN was an infectious agent (including beta-hemolytic streptococcus [n = 17], and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [n = 2]), whereas in 2 patients, EN was associated with Crohn's disease in one and Hodgkin's disease in the other. In 8 of the 35 children (23%) the etiology of EN remained undetermined. The mean duration of the rash was 11.5 days. Recurrences were noted in only 2 children (1 episode in 1 child and 3 episodes in the other). CONCLUSION: Currently the most common provoking agent of EN in children in Greece is beta-hemolytic streptococcus. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis should still be considered as a cause of the disorder. Also, the course of EN is benign and recurrences are exceptional.