600kVARPWM整流器的设计与控制

大容量PWM整流器的设计受到单管IGBT电流容量的限制,必须进行并联扩容。本文对几种并联方案进行了讨论,并提出采用交流侧串接电感再进行并联的方案。鉴于在设计LCL滤波器时,其参数的选取直接关系到系统的开关纹波滤除效果,影响系统能否稳定工作,很难做到优化设计,本文引入一种简单实用的计算滤波器参数的方法。使得PWM整流器的纹波和LcL的成本在一个合理的范围。另外本文首次提出了采用AIPhaBeta滤波器进行电网角度获取的新方法,它继承了KaIman滤波器的优点,因此这种方法具有很好的鲁棒性,有效地提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性。在整体的控制方案上采用了双闭环解耦控制的策略．本文分析了电压外环和电流内环的设计。最后通过对600kW整流器主电路的仿真验证了上述技术方案。     

三相并网逆变器的双环控制策略研究

由于对高频谐波的抑制效果明显好于L型滤波器,因此LCL滤波器在电流源控制的并网逆变器中应用越来越广泛。而针对该类型的并网逆变器的控制策略更为复杂,为了简化控制策略一种基于电流双环的并网控制方案被提出来。与电压电流的双环控制器设计方法不同,设计电流双环控制器参数时除了考虑内外环控制器的相互影响以外,还需要考虑双环控制器带来的降阶和少自由度问题。因此本文在介绍基于高阶极点配置的电流双环控制器设计方法的基础上,重点分析在电流双环控制带来的少自由度的情况下如何合理的设计控制器参数。实验结果表明,根据该方案设计的控制器参数能够使三相并网逆变器安全、可靠运行且具有较快的动态响应速度。     

LCL滤波并网逆变器的控制策略

本文关于LCL滤波并网逆变器的控制研究,研究了最合适的关于LCL滤波并网逆变器的控制方案。在开关的频率保持在同一个水准的时候在一个开关的周期内,研究组进行了对于逆变器的多次采样研究,有效地减少了在数字技术下控制的延时情况,提高了系统中本来的控制范围与延时时间。在定量分析的方式下,小组中的研究人员已经证实的开展了对LCL滤波并网逆变器本质性能的研究,分析了它的优势性能。与常规有源阻尼多环结构相比,该方案采用电流单环控制即可实现系统稳定,无需增加传感器,从而简化了控制结构。在最后,研究人员也同时通过了实验来对LCL滤波并网逆变器的性能进行了验证分析。     

基于电流无差拍和PI复合控制的新能源并网技术

为了提高新能源整个并网系统的性能,在分析无差拍控制和PI控制的工作原理基础上,提出了基于电流无差拍和PI复合控制的PWM逆变的控制策略。通过Matlab/Simulink建模仿真三相并网系统,采用LCL滤波器滤波。当系统接三相对称纯阻性负载和整流性负载时,将系统逆变电压与电网电压、逆变电流与电网电压进行比较,以及对三相逆变电流进行谐波分析。仿真结果表明,该并网控制策略能较好地跟踪电网电压,波形畸变较小、动态响应快。     

Model-based generation of low distortion currents in grid-coupled PWM-inverters using an LCL output filter

In this paper, a single phase inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) output stage for grid coupled inverters is designed and built. An accurate model and observer of the output filter and the distorted grid voltage are implemented. The paper deals with the construction of a 14-state model, and the feedback control loop to obtain adequate closed loop response. Simulations indicate a good performance of the controller, with a total harmonic current distortion (THD) below 1%. Experimental results confirm simulations, and illustrate the correct operation of the Kalman observer to estimate the distorted grid voltage (THD 3%). The observer only uses the inverter current measurement as input. The output filter effectively reduces the pulsewidth modulation harmonics in the grid current.     

A New Control Technique for Three-Phase Shunt Hybrid Power Filter

This paper presents a nonlinear control technique for a three-phase shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF) to enhance its dynamic response when it is used to compensate for harmonic currents and reactive power. The dynamic model of the SHPF system is first elaborated in the stationary “abc” reference frame and then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal “dq” reference frame. The “dq” frame model is divided into two separate loops, namely, the two current dynamic inner loops and the dc-voltage dynamic outer loop. Proportional–integral (PI) controllers are utilized to control the SHPF input currents and dc-bus voltage. The currents track closely their references so that the SHPF behaves as a quasi-ideal current source connected in parallel with the load. It provides the reactive power and harmonic currents required by the nonlinear load, thereby achieving sinusoidal supply currents in phase with supply voltages under dynamic and steady-state conditions. The SHPF consists of a small-rating voltage-source inverter (VSI) in series with a fifth-harmonic tuned $LC$ passive filter. The rating of the VSI in the SHPF system is much smaller than that in the conventional shunt active power filter because the passive filter takes care of the major burden of compensation. The effectiveness of the control technique is demonstrated through simulation and experimentation under steady-state and dynamic operating conditions.      

基于LCL滤波的光伏并网逆变器的研究

为了减少电力电子器件给光伏并网系统带来的大量谐波,研究了半周期SVPWM控制的三相双向双Buck/Boost变流器可以有效减少开关损耗和导通损耗,在SVPWM控制策略上引入模糊PI控制增加了系统的稳定性,降低了超调量,并采用了对高频谐波有较强抑制作用的LCL滤波器,实现系统的单位功率因数并网。采用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该闭环系统可以有效地实现单位功率因数并网,提高了系统稳定性和并网电流质量,减小了输出超调量,增强了系统鲁棒性。     

Compensation strategies for shunt active-filter control

Compensation strategies for control of shunt active filters are compared in the paper. It is shown that the strategy based on unity-power factor control is appropriate when the supply voltage waveform of the plant where the active filter is connected shows significant distortion. As voltage distortion increases, this strategy provides compensated line current having lower harmonic distortion and RMS value with respect to the strategy generally used. This contributes to diminish the current and voltage distortion in networks. The unity-power factor compensation strategy conditions the current flowing in the plant where compensation is realized to fit the voltage waveform, thus reaching a unity power factor. Hence, the line current RMS value is minimum. The comparison of the strategies is performed by both Monte Carlo and ATP simulation     

双馈风电变流器网侧LCL滤波器设计

本文提出了一种风电变流器网侧LCL滤波器设计方法。该方法在电流谐波脉动最大允许的条件下,选择总电感量;同时兼顾开关谐波电流衰减、基波无功约束条件、谐振频率约束条件,将总电感按一定的比例分为两部分,并选择合适的滤波电容。     

Current waveform quality from grid‐connected photovoltaic inverters and its dependence on operating conditions

The increasing installation of grid‐connected photovoltaics (PV) in the urban environment will lead to a significant penetration into the low voltage electricity supply network of small power electronic generators. Inevitably some disturbance to the electricity supply quality will result from these embedded generators. It is shown that the inverters used to grid connect PV arrays are susceptible to minor distortion of the network waveform and that this can result in higher levels of current waveform distortion, or harmonic disturbance, being sourced into the supply than would be expected from analyses which assume an ideal voltage waveform. The level of current distortion is shown to be very dependent on the type of inverter control used. Inverter operation is also a function of operating point; clearly a device at part load cannot be expected to deliver the same quality of current waveform as when operating under its rated design conditions. The impedance of the grid connection also has an impact on the inverter's operation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Power converter line synchronization using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based on a variable sample rate

Line synchronization of grid connected power converters is a well recognized problem when the grid is weak, or derives from a remote area power supply with poor frequency regulation. Such systems can suffer significant line voltage distortion due to notches caused by power device switching and/or low frequency harmonic content, which can easily corrupt the output of a conventional zero crossing detector. This paper presents a method of filtering the incoming grid voltage using a recursive discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The filter provides a high degree of noise immunity but does produce a phase shift between the incoming grid voltage and the filtered output voltage when the DFT time window does not match the grid period. Two methods of compensating this phase shift are presented, based on tracking the drift in the phase predicted by the recursive DFT. The first method makes a deadbeat adjustment to the time window (thereby changing the sampling rate) while the second approach calculates the phase error based on the linear phase response of the DFT. These compensation algorithms can correct for discrepancies of at least 25% between the DFT time window and the system period, and can track grid frequencies with slew rates as high as 40 Hz/s with negligible phase shift (<2/spl deg/) between the grid voltage input and the filtered output waveforms.     

Line harmonics reduction in high-power systems using square-waveinverters-based dominant harmonic active filter

This paper presents a dominant harmonic active filter (DHAF) scheme using small-rated square-wave inverters for supply line harmonic current reduction for high-power nonlinear loads in the range of 10 MW and above to meet IEEE 519 harmonic standard. The active filter inverters are connected in series with the fifth and seventh L-C tuned filters, respectively. A synchronous reference frame-based controller which achieves harmonic isolation for the dominant fifth and seventh harmonic load currents in the presence of supply voltage harmonic distortion is presented. Impact of mistuned passive filters on the operation and rating of the square-wave active filter inverters is examined. Simulation results validate the proposed harmonic isolation controller under mistuned fifth and seventh L-C tuned filter conditions and supply voltage harmonic distortion. The proposed scheme is general and applicable for high-power 6- or 12-pulse rectifier loads. The use of small-rated square-wave inverters (approximately 2% of load kilovoltampere rating) increases the cost effectiveness of the DHAF system for high-power applications     

交流电气化铁路牵引网电压跌落补偿技术的研究

电能在生产、变换、传输和分配的过程中,电力网都要产生功率损失,从而消耗一定的电能。供电部门在对企业实施现代化管理时,对网损的管理必然是主体内容,其目的是逐步降损,提高电力网运行质量。本文主要从电力网的网损构成与降损途径两方面进行详细的分析,为电网管理部门做好降损节能工作打下基础。     

单周期控制三相VIENNA整流器

电网谐波污染已经引起世界各国的高度重视,功率因数校正（PFC）是治理谐波的一种有效方法。文章对基于单周期控制的三相VIENNA整流器进行了研究,推导了单周期控制三相VIENNA整流器的控制规律,与其它控制方案相比不需要乘法器,不需对电源电压进行检测,控制逻辑比较简单并且以恒定开关频率工作,能够实现单位功率因数校正和低电流畸变。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Finite control set predictive control of shunt hybrid power filter

This paper proposes a finite control set predictive control (FCS-PC) scheme for the shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF) to reduce the power loss while maintaining satisfactory power quality at the utility’s grid terminals. By means of the instantaneous power theory, the controller for the proposed method can generate the reference voltage for the SHPF voltage source inverter (VSI) for the future sampling time. Therefore, during a sampling time, the vector of the reference voltage is compared with the finite number of voltage vectors existent in the VSI to select the vector that best fits the cost function of the controller. The proposed method, compared with the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) carrier method, has the capability of suppressing similarly the harmonic currents at grid terminals and controlling VSI DC-link voltage while maintaining low switching frequencies in the devices. This method shows simplicity in digital implementation because it does not need a PWM block to obtain the VSI gating signals. In addition, a comparison of the proposed FCS-PC method with the conventional carrier-based PWM method is presented and discussed. Parameter errors in the controller are studied and their effects on system performance are explained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with simulation and experimental results during steady-state operation and transient response of the system.     

单相400Hz逆变电源设计研究

研究了基于数字信号处理(DSP)的单相电压型脉宽调制(PWM)逆变电源的实现方案,给出了逆变电源的系统框图,利用状态空间平均法建立了逆变器数学模型,使用输出电压和滤波电感电流瞬时值作为双闭环反馈的控制策略,利用Simulink建立逆变电源的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,基于双环控制的逆变器动态响应快,鲁棒性强,能够产生较好的稳态输出电压及较低的总谐波畸变率。     

Digital Current Control of a Voltage Source Converter With Active Damping of LCL Resonance

Inductance–capacitor–inductance (LCL)-filters installed at converter outputs offer higher harmonic attenuation than L-filters, but careful design is required to damp LCL resonance, which can cause poorly damped oscillations and even instability. A new topology is presented for a discrete-time current controller which damps this resonance, combining deadbeat current control with optimal state-feedback pole assignment. By separating the state feedback gains into deadbeat and damping feedback loops, transient overcurrent protection is realizable while preserving the desired pole locations. Moreover, the controller is shown to be robust to parameter uncertainty in the grid inductance. Experimental tests verify that fast well-damped transient response and overcurrent protection is possible at low switching frequencies relative to the resonant frequency.     

A New Multilevel Conversion Structure for Grid-Connected PV Applications

A novel scheme for three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation systems is presented in this paper. The scheme is based on two insulated strings of PV panels, each one feeding the dc bus of a standard two-level three-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI). The inverters are connected to the grid by a three-phase transformer having open-end windings on the inverter side. The resulting conversion structure performs as a multilevel power active filter (equivalent to a three-level inverter), doubling the power capability of a single VSI with given voltage and current ratings. The multilevel voltage waveforms are generated by an improved space-vector-modulation algorithm, suitable for the implementation in industrial digital signal processors. An original control method has been introduced to regulate the dc-link voltages of each VSI, according to the voltage reference given by a single maximum power point tracking controller. The proposed regulation system has been verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests with reference to different operating conditions.     

An accurate approach of nonlinearity compensation for VSI inverter output voltage

An accurate nonlinearity compensation technique for voltage source inverter (VSI) inverters is presented in this paper. Because of the nonlinearity introduced by the dead time, turn-on/off delay, snubber circuit and voltage drop across power devices, the output voltage of VSI inverters is distorted seriously in the low output voltage region. This distortion influences the output torque of IM motors for constant V/f drives. The nonlinearity of the inverter also causes 5th and 7th harmonic distortion in the line current when the distributed energy system operates in the grid-connected mode, i.e., when the distributed energy system is parallel to a large power system through the VSI inverter. Therefore, the exact compensation of this nonlinearity in the VSI inverter over the entire range of output voltage is desirable. In this paper, the nonlinearity of VSI inverter output voltage and the harmonic distortion in the line current are analyzed based on an open-loop system and a L-R load. By minimizing the harmonic component of the current in a d-axis and q-axis synchronous rotating reference frame, the exact compensation factor was obtained. Simulations and experimental results in the low frequency and low output voltage region are presented.     

A novel technique to achieve unity power factor and fact transientresponse in AC-to-DC converters

This paper presents a novel power factor correction technique for single-phase boost type AC-to-DC converters in continuous conduction mode. Instead of using the inductor current or switching device current, in this paper, the diode current in the boost converter is used to formulate the duty ratio of the switch in a special way which makes the input current sinusoidal and in phase with the input voltage. To improve the dynamic performance and minimize the input current harmonic components, a new double-injection compensation method is employed in the voltage feedback loop. The power factor corrector has the following advantages: (1) operation with constant switching frequency; (2) elimination of input voltage sensing, error amplifier in the current loop and multiplier in the output voltage feedback loop; (3) minimal total harmonic distortion in the input current; (4) fast dynamic response of the output voltage loop; and (5) simple implementation of the control circuit. The principles of operation of the proposed control scheme are explained. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the control strategy