塑性变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金析出行为及拉伸断裂行为的影响

研究塑性变形对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金析出行为及拉伸断裂行为的影响。结果表明：塑性变形引发的晶体缺陷为时效析出提供了更多的形核核心,不仅使β′相的数量增加,还促进晶界、孪晶与基体界面处析出相的生成。析出相数量的增多可有效阻碍拉伸变形过程中的位错滑移从而强化合金基体,2%变形合金可实现强度与塑性的良好配合。塑性变形量增大,微裂纹在晶界析出相与基体界面处产生并沿晶界扩展,再加之断口表面平滑刻面的形成导致合金的拉伸性能降低。     

Cu/Al合金异种材料复合管电阻压焊接头连接特性分析

利用电阻压焊进行Cu/Al合金异种材料复合管的焊接试验,分析了接头微观组织与界面主要元素的分布特征。结果表明,接头中Cu元素大量扩散溶入Al基体中,形成有害的CuAl2金属间化合物,但是,电阻压焊过程中外加顶锻力使结合区产生剧烈塑性变形,能破碎粗大CuAl2金属间化合物并细化接头熔合区晶粒,有利于改善接头的结合性能,获得优质焊接接头。     

Discontinuous precipitation at the deformation band in copper alloy

The Cu-Ni-Si alloy is known as a precipitation hardening alloy, where the Ni₂Si intermetallic compound is precipitated in the matrix during aging. There are two types of precipitation of Ni₂Si: continuous and discontinuous cellular. The discontinuous cellular precipitation is generally initiated at interfaces especially grain boundaries in the matrix. To observe the grain boundary effect on the discontinuous precipitation, a large-grained Cu-Ni-Si-Ti alloy was intentionally fabricated by unidirectional solidification and plastically deformed by groove rolling. While discontinuous cellular precipitation has been generally known to occur only at the high angled grain boundaries in the alloys, we found that it was also generated inside the grains, at the deformation bands formed by plastic deformation.     

用原子显微镜纳米压痕法研究Gr／Al复合材料热循环后的微观力学性能

采用原子力显微镜纳米压痕法测量了Gr/Al复合材料热循环后界面附近的纳米硬度和塑性变形能力的分布。随热循环次数的增加,纤维和基体中的纳米硬度小,而基体的塑性变形能力增加。纳米硬度和塑性变形能力的大小是随距纤维／基体界面的距离的变化而变化的。纳米硬度的变化可提供有关残余应变方面的信息,这是因为材料内部局部区域的弹性或塑性残余应变会影响此处的硬度大小。     

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATION THERMOMECHANICAL SIMULATOR-MULTI-AXIS RESTRAINT COMPRESSION(MARC - STRAIN~(TM)) SYSTEM

1.BackgroundUltwhnefetrite(UFF)ndcrostructuredevelopmentinsteels,especiallyinstrUcturalsteels,hasincreasedintherecentyearsallovertheworldfromJapan{"'3,Ko..L3,4)Chi..[53tOAn.trali.L6),toCanada[7),tOEurope{"'j,etc..Japanese...~h..,[lo,ll,12)underaconsortiumofthegoVernment,nationalresearchinstitute,steelindustries,anduniversitieshavestartedsince1997a10yearcoOPerativeresearchprojectfordevelopingultrastrongandlonglifecycleSteelswithoutusingalloyingelements.Theyhavesucceededinnearlydoublingth…     

富Ni的NiAl室温延性和韧性的改善

当冷速达10~6K/s量级时,Ni-34.6at-％Al合金中,富Ni的NiAl的微观组织尺寸显著减少,高密度、均匀分布的各类界面阻滞了裂纹的扩展,并在裂纹尖端产生局域塑性变形,室温延性和韧性明显提高     

Thermal stresses in metal matrix composites studied by internal friction

Thermal stresses in metal matrix composites (MMC) can induce plastic deformation and damage accumulation in the region close to the reinforcements. In this connection, Al-4% Cu-based MMC reinforced with 10, 20 and 30% Al₂O₃ short fibres were characterized by internal friction (IF) measurements. As a function of the temperature, a maximum of damping has been observed in the composites at ca 150 K during cooling. This maximum is absent in the corresponding unreinforced AlCu alloy. The maximum is attributed to the generation and motion of dislocations produced by high thermal stresses at metal-fibre interfaces. The height of the maximum is found to be an index of the extent of relaxation of thermal stresses by the plastic deformation of the metal matrix. IF measurements have allowed us to identify whether plastic flow in the matrix or damage accumulation at matrix-fibre interfaces take place for different composites.     

EH36钢埋弧焊接头焊缝金属不均匀性对断裂行为的影响

为研究EH36钢埋弧焊焊缝金属组织不均匀性对裂纹起裂行为的影响，采用微小力学试验系统，对EH36钢埋弧焊焊缝中两种不同取向试样进行微拉伸试验，并对两组试样裂纹萌生机理进行显微观察. 结果表明,两组试样塑性变形均集中在先共析铁素体上，且先共析铁素体上应变分布不均匀；横向加载试样为微孔聚集型断裂，由于“弱”应力奇异性的存在，裂纹在应变集中作用下起源于三叉晶界；纵向加载试样变形集中在先共析铁素体与针状铁素体界面处并导致界面剥离生成裂纹，断口具有局部脆性的特征.     

近全层组织γ-TiAl基合金的室温拉伸断裂机理

通过对直缺口近全层组织的扫描电镜原位拉伸实验以及相应的断裂表面观察，结合有限元计算了TiAl基合金近全层组织拉伸的断裂机理。研究表明：许多裂纹在塑性变形前沿着层间起裂和扩展，断裂过程的驱动力是拉应力。在直缺口试样中，许多裂纹直接起裂于缺口根部，并且沿着层间扩展。随着拉应力的增加，主裂纹和新裂纹也可以通过障碍晶粒的穿层解理断裂来连接。通过有限元计算得沿层断裂强度大约为50MPa，穿层断裂强度大约为120MPa。     

非连续TiB+TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的剧烈塑性变形行为

针对TiB+TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛合金提出一种新的强塑性变形方法,即将等径弯曲通道变形应用到非连续增强钛基复合材料中。本文采用通道夹角Φ=120°成功地实现了(TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4V钛基复合材料1~4道次B_c路径的ECAP变形,研究了剧烈塑性变形对微观组织演化和力学性能的影响。结果表明,剧烈塑性变形可以实现TiB纤维和TiC颗粒的细化,以及基体晶粒的细化;随着挤压次数的增加,基体中偏聚的TiB细长纤维和TiC大颗粒也随着挤压道次的增加也逐渐趋于均匀化,力学性能也得到了提高,抗拉强度能够提高至1205MPa,延伸率与挤压1道次相比也得到了明显提高。     

异步热轧对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V微观组织及力学性能的影响

通过异步/同步热轧实验研究了异步热轧工艺对钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验表征了试样的显微组织、力学性能、断口形貌和微观取向。实验结果表明,复杂应变路径较之简单应变路径能更好的细化晶粒及同时提高强度和塑性,并且表层晶粒小于中心晶粒。异步轧制工艺相比同步轧制能更好获得细小晶粒。异步轧制试样的强度及塑性值高于同步轧制试样相应值,提高异步速比可提高强度及塑性值。异步轧制试样的塑性变形机制可能是滑移,而同步轧制试样塑性变形机制为滑移或孪晶。     

纳米高强Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn合金

在常见的应变速率范围内,多数金属材料的冷加工变形主要是通过位错增殖、形变孪晶或马氏体相变等机制实现,这些变形机制无法有效地细化晶粒,通常只有采用剧烈塑性变形方法制备无缺陷的金属纳米材料．最近在研究β型Ti-Nb—Zr-Sn钛合金形变过程时,发现塑性失稳导致局域化非均匀塑性变形对品粒细化具有显著作用;利用该变形机理,采用常规冷轧方法即可以轧制出厚度为1．5mm板材,其品粒尺寸小于50nm．本文主要论述该合金冷加工组织细化过程和时效强化机理,并讨论非均匀塑性变形方式的可能原因．     

Fabrication of Mo–Cu composites by a diffusion-rolling procedure

A plastic deformation approach to Mo matrix composites remains a longstanding challenge in the processing of refractory metal. Toward this objective, we explored a selective fabrication of the diffusion-rolling procedure. With diffusion bonding initially, a primary sandwich sheet was achieved. The interfacial strength of Mo/Cu was enhanced by the plastic deformation after rolling. Ultrathin Cu–Mo–Cu sheet and Mo–Cu alloy sheet with Cu matrix containing distributed uniformly fibrous Mo were fabricated. HR-TEM analysis revealed that atomic-level interdiffusion of Mo and Cu was present at the interface. Therefore, it is concluded that the diffusion-rolling procedure can be potentially employed as a joining method for the fabrication of Mo–Cu composites.     

热机械加工对EW75镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机等手段,研究了恒温多向锻造工艺对EW75镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并分析了动态再结晶机制。结果表明,500和470℃锻造态EW75镁合金薄板都发生了动态再结晶,而440和410℃锻造态EW75镁合金薄板中可见大量细小颗粒状析出相,未见明显动态再结晶组织,且在平行于锻压方向上,可见原始晶粒形貌以及颗粒状析出相,而在垂直于锻压方向上,可见明显加工变形流线。470℃锻造态EW75镁合金薄板发生了完全动态再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为15μm,且合金中动态再结晶晶粒大部分为大角度晶界。经过锻造处理后的EW75镁合金薄板的强塑性相较于固溶态均有明显提升,随着锻造温度的降低,EW75镁合金薄板的抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度都呈现逐渐上升的趋势,而断后伸长率则表现为先增加后减小的特征。在470℃锻造时,EW75镁合金薄板具有最好的塑性,这主要与完全再结晶协调塑性变形以及较大的晶粒间取向差有助于晶面滑移有关。     

Contribution of microstructural parameters to strengthening in an ultrafine-grained Al–7% Si alloy processed by severe deformation

An Al–7% Si alloy was severely deformed by equal channel angular pressing to study the refinement of the microstructure and associated changes of mechanical properties. The initial coarse dendritic structure was broken into an elongated submicron grain/subgrain structure, with a high dislocation density and distributed fine Si particles. The Si particles in the composite are seen to induce a high dislocation density during deformation and lead to faster structural refinement than in a monolithic alloy with the same composition as the matrix. The additional strengthening of the composite relative to the monolithic alloy is due to both the finer grain size and the high retained dislocation density. Severe plastic deformation also leads to an improvement in the ductility of the strong material due to the refinement of both the matrix microstructure and the Si particles.     

Tungsten-based heterogeneous multilayer structures via diffusion bonding

Recent work has shown that tungsten (W) and other refractory metals with body-centered cubic (bcc) structures exhibit certain novel behavior when their grain size, d, is refined into the ultrafine (UFG, 100 nm < d < 1000 nm) or nanocrystalline (NC, d < 100 nm) regime. For example, it has been shown that bcc refractory metals with such microstructures show decreased strain rate sensitivity besides their elevated strength and vanishing strain hardening response. Consequently, under both quasi-static and high-strain-rate loading, plastic instability in the form of shear banding becomes the dominant mode of plastic deformation. Such behavior is long sought-after in certain applications. However, due to the technology used to refine the grain size (primarily severe plastic deformation), the inability to scale the dimensions of the material may limit wider use and application of UFG/NC bcc refractory metals. In this work, the feasibility was demonstrated of production of large-scale W parts using a diffusion bonding method. The microstructure, preliminary mechanical properties, and issues and challenges associated with the fabrication procedures were examined and discussed. It is envisioned that diffusion bonding may serve as a promising technology for scaled-up fabrication of UFG bcc refractory metals for the targeted application.     

The mechanism of scale adhesion on sputtered microcrystallized CoCrAl films

The oxidation mechanisms of sputtered microcrystalline Co–30Cr–5Al coatings were investigated by an acoustic emission technique, scatch test, transmission electron microscope (TEM), which was compared with CoCrAlY alloy. The results indicated that the beneficial effects of microcrystallization on the scale adhesion of Co–30Cr–5Al alloy are as follows: (1) The sputtered CoCrAl coating possesses a columnar structure, and oxidation along the columnar grains may form many micropegs which can anchor the scale to the metallic substrate, enhancing bonding of the scale. (2) The grain size of the sputtered coating is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of the cast alloy, and the grain size of oxide scales formed on the former is finer than that of the latter. The finer oxide scale may relieve the growth stresses during isothermal oxidation and partial thermal stresses during cooling by plastic deformation through grain sliding. The microcrystalline coating is more plastic than the cast alloy, which may relieve a certain amount of thermal stresses of the oxide scales. On the basis of oxide adhesion and plasticity, microcrystallization is more beneficial than the addition of reactive elements.     

Zr基非晶合金在过冷液相区静液挤压的变形行为及结构

研究了Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5非晶合金在过冷液相区内静液挤压的变形行为以及结构变化。结果表明:非晶合金在高应变速率下产生了明显的塑性变形,直径从16 mm变为12 mm,断裂为4段,且样品断口上随机分布着充分发展与未充分发展的脉纹式切变带,由此可看出非晶合金的变形为非牛顿体变形行为;挤压后的样品约有3%的非晶相发生晶化,在非晶基体上析出10~20 nm的纳米晶粒,导致挤压后非晶合金的热稳定性降低;静液挤压高应变速率变形条件使非晶合金产生非均匀流变,是造成非晶合金断裂的主要原因。     

DIFFUSION BONDING OF SUPERPLASTIC AI ALLOY LC4

Diffusion bonding of supcrplastic Al alloy LC4,with prior surface treatment of organicsolution protecting coating after electroplishing and stainless steel wool brushing,wasperformed by Gleeble test machine under conditions ranged 490—530 ℃,1.0—3.0 MPa.30—180 min and vacuum of 1.0×10~(-3) Pa.The joints were examined to have similarstrength and microstructure to the base metal Discussion was made on the effect ofsuperplastic treatment on bonding.The micromechanism for diffusion bonding of super-plastic metal was suggested as the migration of original bond interfaces caused by atomicdiffusion and grain growth. Experimental results for the alloy as quench-aged state werepresented to compare with the superplastic one.     

Ag-6Cu-1Zn-0.5Ni合金变形行为的高通量研究

对Ag-6Cu-1Zn-0.5Ni合金楔形试样进行轧制,获得了变形量从33%-80%连续变化的高通量实验样品,并对合金显微组织和性能进行了表征。结果表明,合金塑性变形后,晶粒发生变形,沿形变方向被压扁并拉长,最后全部转变为纤维组织。合金内晶粒从不均匀变形逐渐转变为均匀变形,晶界为滑移带的发射源。随着变形量的增大了,出现了交叉滑移和平行四边形的亚结构。硬度的变化分为4个阶段,呈台阶形式上升,其强化机制为固溶强化和位错强化的共同作用的结果。