Evaluation of five immunoassays for detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cloacal and conjunctival specimens from turkeys.

Five commercially available immunoassays were evaluated for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cloacal and conjunctival swabs from industrially raised turkeys: IMAGEN (DAKO Diagnostics, Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom), Chlamydia CEL-VET IF (Cellabs, Brookvale, Australia), IDEIA (DAKO Diagnostics), CELISA (Cellabs), and CLEARVIEW (Unipath, Bedford, United Kingdom). Results were compared with isolation in Buffalo Green Monkey cells as a reference method. For the conjunctival samples, the sensitivities of the IMAGEN test, the Chlamydia CEL-VET IF test, the IDEIA, the CELISA, and the CLEARVIEW test were found to be 100, 66, 0, 0, and 0%, respectively, as compared to the reference test. Also for the conjunctival samples, the specificities of the IMAGEN test, the Chlamydia CEL-VET IF test, and the IDEIA were found to be 100, 11, and 92.8%, respectively. For the cloacal specimens, the sensitivities of the IMAGEN test, the Chlamydia CEL-VET IF test, the IDEIA, the CELISA, and the CLEARVIEW test were found to be 100, 93.3, 26.6, 0, and 53.3%, respectively. Also for the cloacal specimens, the specificities of the IMAGEN test, the Chlamydia CEL-VET IF test, the IDEIA, and the CLEARVIEW test were found to be 92, 12, 100, and 88%, respectively. The IMAGEN test was the most sensitive and specific direct chlamydia antigen detection test for cloacal and conjunctival samples from turkeys.     

The biological significance of cancer: mitochondria as a cause of cancer and the inhibition of glycolysis with citrate as a cancer treatment

In this article, I present the hypothesis that cancer presents due to the domination of the cell by mitochondria, which, from an evolution viewpoint, appeared in multi-cellular living being with the incorporation of a bacteria into a primitive cell, the bacteria sustained itself as mitochondria and these conserved their identity and bacterial characteristics, based on this, the hypothesis is suggested of the biological competition between the cell and the mitochondria; the mitochondria, on establishing itself as an independent entity within the cell, created the need to permanently remain in the cytoplasm of the cell, thus, from an energy viewpoint, when a cell becomes malignant, the mitochondria are the sole beneficiaries, as there is an ideal environment at the cellular level for the mitochondria to sustain their functions, and from this hypothesis, the treatment for fighting cancer consists of inhibiting glycolysis, being the principal source of energy for the mitochondria, this is achieved by administering citrate to cancer patients, as the citrate inhibits the phosphofructokinase enzyme, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme of Krebs cycle, thus, the mitochondria will be forced to limit their metabolism and, secondarily, will lower the reproduction capacity of the cell in general.     

流行性出血热病毒抗原在实验性感染乳鼠脑内的定位研究——间接免疫荧光法

用间接免疫荧光技术对流行性出血热(EHF)病毒抗原在实验性感染乳鼠脑内的定位进行了研究。观察到EHF病毒抗原广泛分布在许多脑区,并且呈现选择性定位倾向。特异性免疫荧光出现的部位有:1.边缘系统,包括扣带回皮质、梨状皮质、嗅前核、外侧膈核、海马、齿状回、丘脑背内侧核和外侧核群、丘脑下部视前区、乳头体核、丘脑下部后核;2.特殊感觉核,如前庭内侧核和脊核、蜗神经核、外侧丘系核;3.与镇痛有关的结构,如导水管周围灰质、三叉神经感觉核、中脑中缝核等;4.锥体外系结构,如尾壳核、苍白球、脚内核、小脑以及脑干网状结构的一些核团。     

The sweet taste in the calf. II. Glossopharyngeal nerve responses to taste stimulation of the tongue

Recordings were obtained from the glossopharyngeal nerve in 1-5-week-old calves during stimulation of the circumvallate tongue area with NaCl, quinine hydrochloride, citric acid, and the sweet compounds: acesulfam-K, aspartame, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycine, lactose, maltose, monellin, Na-saccharin, sucrose, thaumatin, and xylitol. All compounds except aspartame, monellin and thaumatin gave a nerve response. Glycine, followed by Na-saccharin, elicited the largest responses. Sucrose gave the largest response among the disaccharides, while there was no significant difference between the monosaccharides. Expressed as percent of the NaCl responses, the responses to glycine, sucrose, xylitol, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose and maltose were considerably larger in the glossopharyngeal nerve than in the chorda tympani nerve. This can be taken as an indication that the posterior region of the tongue serves as the major receptive area for sweet in cattle.     

Subdivision of the accessory olfactory bulb in the Japanese common toad, Bufo japonicus, revealed by lectin histochemical analysis

Lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of the Japanese common toad, Bufo japonicus, were examined using 21 types of lectin. Ten out of 21 lectins, WGA, s-WGA, LEL, STL, DBA, VVA, SJA, RCA-I, PNA, and PHA-L, stained the olfactory nerve, the glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the vomeronasal nerve, and the glomeruli in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The binding patterns of LEL, STL, DBA, and PHA-L subdivided AOB glomeruli into rostral and caudal regions, where LEL, STL, and DBA stained the rostral region more intensely than the caudal region, and PHA-L had the opposite effect. Another lectin, BSL-I, stained both AOB glomeruli and the vomeronasal nerve, but not MOB glomeruli or the olfactory nerve. This is the first report of histological subdivision in the AOB of an amphibian, which suggests that the AOB development in Bufo may be unique.     

人Ⅰ型胶原包被培养板不同时间对人原代表皮细胞培养的影响

目的探索人Ⅰ型胶原包被培养板不同时间对培养的人原代表皮细胞形态、黏附、增殖、迁移率及细胞周期的影响。 方法取来源于解放军总医院第四医学中心泌尿外科新鲜人体皮肤组织标本，配置体积分数为1%的人Ⅰ型胶原蛋白溶液并包被培养板，按包被时间不同分为10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组，采用胰蛋白酶动态消化法消化分离表皮细胞，接种于不同胶原包被时间的培养板中，加入表皮细胞培养基(CnT-Pr培养基)于37 ℃、含5%CO₂的细胞培养箱中培养。倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态，细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)法检测细胞黏附及增殖，划痕实验观察细胞迁移，流式细胞法检测细胞周期。对数据行方差分析与LSD-t检验。 结果(1)细胞数量及形态：随时间推移，各包被组细胞形态未见明显差异，大小较均匀，呈球形或眼型，细胞数量逐渐增多。0 s组细胞数量较其他5组少且未贴壁细胞比例多。(2)细胞黏附：人原代表皮细胞接种后24 h，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组、0 s组的吸光度值分别为0.28±0.07、0.30±0.05、0.33±0.06、0.34±0.07、0.36±0.05、0.16±0.02，6组间比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝4.640，P＝0.014)；10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组组间两两比较，差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。0 s组分别与10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.640、3.059、3.584、3.889、4.187，P＝0.021、0.010、0.004、0.002、0.001)。(3)细胞增殖：人原代表皮细胞增殖曲线显示胶原包被的各组细胞增殖情况相似，明显高于0 s组细胞增殖情况。细胞接种后2 d，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组的细胞吸光度值分别为0.41±0.05、0.41±0.02、0.46±0.06、0.49±0.08、0.53±0.12、0.09±0.04，6组间比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝16.050，P<0.05)。组间两两比较可以发现，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。0 s组分别与10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝0.323、0.323、0.374、0.401、0.440，P值均小于0.05)。细胞接种后4 d，6组间吸光度值比较，差异均有统计学意义(F＝9.816，P＝0.001)；组间两两比较可以发现，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。0 s组分别与10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组比较，差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05)。细胞接种后6 d，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组的细胞吸光度值分别为2.76±0.20、3.03±0.17、3.03±0.16、3.18±0.17、3.33±0.26、0.53±0.25。(4)细胞迁移划痕后12 h，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组细胞迁移率分别为(15.60±4.11)%，(18.26±6.79)%，(18.09±6.97)%，(18.00±4.70)%，(17.40±5.97)%，(4.05±1.71)%；划痕后24 h，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组细胞迁移率分别为(36.33±5.63)%，(38.45±11.97)%，(42.36±14.40)%，(41.96±10.78)%，(44.04±12.28)%，(9.17±3.28)%；划痕后36 h，10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组及0 s组细胞迁移率分别为(73.71±17.90)%，(62.33±12.45)%，(69.79±20.82)%，(81.89±18.05)%，(73.49±22.89)%，(11.62±2.64)%。各组间整体比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝9.914，P<0.05)；不同包被时间各组间进一步比较，可以发现10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组间两两比较，差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)，0 s组分别与10 s组、1 min组、5 min组、15 min组、30 min组比较，差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05)。(5)细胞周期：细胞周期检测结果显示，接种后5 d，各组人原代表皮细胞G1、G2、S期所占比例比较，差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。 结论人Ⅰ型胶原包被对人原代表皮细胞贴壁培养非常必要，胶原包被培养板不同时间对人原代表皮细胞培养无显著影响。     

Effect of nembutal anesthesia,electric shock,and shock avoidance conditioning on acetylcholinesterase activity and protein content in various regions of the rat brain

Nembutal [pentobarbital sodium] was found to increase the protein content in some regions of the rat brain (posterior cortex, caudate nucleus) and to decrease the protein content in the ventral cortex. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, expressed in terms of wet tissue weight, increased in the cerebellum and medulla, but decreased in the medial cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and the caudate nucleus. These changes in AChE activity were not explicable in terms of a direct effect of the anesthetic on the enzyme. A decrease in the protein content was observed in the frontal cortex, ventral cortex, hippocampus, and the caudate nucleus after electric shock is applied. Following shock avoidance conditioning, a decrease in protein content was observed in the medial cortex, posterior cortex, cerebellum, and the ventral cortex; the protein content increased in the thalamus. An increase in AChE activity was observed in the frontal cortex and in the medulla after shock, but its content decreased in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and the olfactory bulb. Following shock avoidance conditioning AChE activity increased in the posterior cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, but decreased in the ventral cortex.Translated from Zhurnal Evclyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 254–262, May–June, 1979.     

天冬氨酸及赖氨酸2～10肽单链和双链的合成与毒性

目的探讨同种氨基酸形成多肽的毒性和应用前景。方法用固相合成法合成天冬氨酸和赖氨酸的2~10肽单链与双链化合物,通过小鼠尾静脉将这些化合物注射到小鼠肝脏内,观察它们对小鼠的致死作用(LD50)。结果当天冬氨酸单链2~10肽的浓度依次达到0.15、0.1、0.09、0.03、0.0065、0.03、0.034、0.035和0.04 mol/L时,小鼠的死亡率达到50%。当赖氨酸单链2~10肽的浓度依次达到0.28、0.1、0.047、0.0225、0.0028、0.00166、0.0015、0.0011和0.00075 mol/L时,小鼠的死亡率达到50%。当天冬氨酸-赖氨酸双链2~10肽的浓度依次得到0.5、0.05、0.017、0.014、0.009、0.006、0.004、0.004、0.004、0.004 mol/L时,小鼠的死亡率达到50%。结论单链多肽的毒性大于双链多肽。在2~6肽范围内,天冬氨酸单链多肽随着氨基酸数目增加毒性逐渐增加;相反,在7~10肽范围内,随着氨基酸数目的增加毒性逐渐降低。在2~10肽范围内,赖氨酸单链多肽随着氨基酸数目增加毒性逐渐增加。在2~6肽范围内,天冬氨酸-赖氨酸双链多肽随着氨基酸数目增加毒性逐渐增加;但在7~10肽范围内,其毒性相似。     

含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠脑干中的分布—原位杂交组织化学法观察

用原位杂交组织化学技术,对含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠脑干中的分布进行全了面观察。发现不同脑区或核团中所含阳性神经元的数量及其标记强度各不相同。其中含强阳性杂交信号的区域有:小脑皮质、外侧丘系核、斜方体核、下橄榄核及臂旁核;含中等强度杂交信号的区域包括:脚间核、黑质致密部、耳蜗核和最后区。而在其它大部分脑区中杂交信号呈弱阳性,如:上丘、顶盖前区、红核、三叉神经感觉核簇、后索核、下丘、前庭核群、孤束核、中央灰质和网状结构中的部分核团。含Calbindin-D28KmRNA的神经元在脑干中的这种区域特异性分布特点提示在神经系统的某些生理功能中,Calbindin-D28K可能起重要的作用。     

Cytochemical and electrophoretic study of the stallion epididymal glycoproteins

It has been suggested that proteins produced in specific regions of the epididymis, mostly androgen dependent glycoproteins, are involved in the sperm maturation process. In the present work, the glycoconjugated distribution pattern and the electrophoretic characteristics of the stallion epididymal proteins were examined using lectin probes. The identification in the luminal fluid of some new proteins, probably synthesized and secreted by the epididymis, is an important initial step to investigate their interaction with the stallion sperm membrane. The binding of FITC-lectins (ConA, WGA, LPA, UEA, RCA, HPA) confirmed the presence of macromolecules containing carbohydrate residues in the epithelial cells with a distribution and relative density that was dependent on the epididymal region analyzed. The epithelium displayed affinity for more than one lectin, indicating diversity in the exposed sugar residues. The electrophoretic pattern of proteins obtained from ductus efferentes, corpus and cauda epididymis differed not only from those of the homologous blood serum, but also among the different epididymal regions. The most prominent bands correspond to 66, 55, 45 and 14 kDa proteins, present in different relative concentrations, in the three analyzed regions. A major band of 36 kDa was observed in the cauda epididymis region. The relative concentrations of protein bands of Mw 45, 36, 32, 20 and 18 kDa were significantly increased towards the distal regions of the ductus. The proteins of Mw 66, 55 and 14 kDa showed a relative higher concentration in the efferent ducts, decreasing to 25-30% in the cauda epididymal regions. The Mw 70, 66, 55, 45, 36, 32, 29, 23, 21, 18 and 14 kDa protein bands gave positive PAS reaction indicating that it corresponds to glycoproteins. Mannose residues were detected in the 70, 66, 55, 45, 36 and 32 kDa proteins. WGA-FITC binds to protein bands of Mw 70, 55, 45, 36, 32, 29, 25 and 24 kDa, suggesting the presence of N-linked glycoproteins. However, based on the resistance to the neuraminidase treatment, we suggest that the stallion epididymis contains both O- and N-glycoconjugates, probably in the N-acetyl O-diacetyl form. Although sperm maturation is an androgen-dependent process, no striking differences were detected in the SDS-PAGE obtained from animals in breeding and non-breeding seasons.     

Heads and tails: The notochord develops differently in the cranium and caudal fin of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar,L.)

While it is well known that the notochord of bony fishes changes over developmental time, less is known about how it varies across different body regions. In the development of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., cranial and caudal ends of the notochord are overlaid by the formation of the bony elements of the neurocranium and caudal fin, respectively. To investigate, we describe how the notochord of the cranium and caudal fin changes from embryo to spawning adult, using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, dissection, and CT scanning. The differences are dramatic. In contrast to the abdominal and caudal regions, at the ends of the notochord vertebrae never develop. While the cranial notochord builds a tapering, unsegmented cone of chordal bone, the urostylic notochordal sheath never ossifies: adjacent, irregular bony elements form from the endoskeleton of the caudal fin. As development progresses, two previously undescribed processes occur. First, the bony cone of the cranial notochord, and its internal chordocytes, are degraded by chordoclasts, an undescribed function of the clastic cell type. Second, the sheath of the urostylic notochord creates transverse septae that partly traverse the lumen in an irregular pattern. By the adult stage, the cranial notochord is gone. In contrast, the urostylic notochord in adults is robust, reinforced with septae, covered by irregularly shaped pieces of cellular bone, and capped with an opistural cartilage that develops from the sheath of the urostylic notochord. A previously undescribed muscle, with its origin on the opistural cartilage, inserts on the lepidotrich ventral to it.     

基于XML技术的电子药历初步探讨

从目前医疗信息系统的实际应用出发,为提高临床药师药学服务质量,释放药学服务潜能,促进临床合理用药,根据临床药师的具体工作细节从而提出采用XML技术实现电子药历的方法。文章详细介绍了XML的特点及优势,并就基于XML技术构建电子药历的结构、保储、操作、集成、信息处理、交换和安全问题进行讨论。     

rhCD40L联合化疗药物对乳腺癌细胞株生物学行为的影响

为了研究人重组CD40L(rhCD40L)对乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-435细胞生物学行为的影响,运用多种细胞生物学、分子生物学方法检测细胞生长、细胞周期、细胞膜分子、凋亡相关基因Bcl-Xl、Bax及趋化因子RANTESmRNA水平的改变,并观察了rhCD40L联合IFN-γ、阿霉素(ADM)对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的影响。结果发现rhCD40L抑制MDA-MB-435、MDA-MB-231细胞增殖,与剂量呈负相关(P<0.05);两株乳腺癌细胞分别在CD40配基化(ligation)作用48、72h进入G1期细胞阻滞;MDA-MB-231细胞CD54、CD95(Fas)、CD120b等分子表达均显著上调,CD95L(FasL)表达下调(P<0.05);MDA-MB-435细胞CD49e、CD95L、CD120a、HLA-DR等分子有显著性变化。两株乳腺癌细胞经rhCD40L作用4、24h后,RT-PCR半定量Bax/Bcl-Xl的比率、RANTES的表达与对照组相比均上调。rhCD40L联合IFN-γ、阿霉素对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖有较强的抑制作用(P<0.05)。由此表明,CD40信号影响乳腺癌细胞周期及TNF家族成员及MHCII类分子的表达,上调凋亡相关基因Bax/Bcl-Xl的比值和趋化因子RANTESmRNA水平,直接或间接介导抗肿瘤作用。同时,rhCD40L还可增强肿瘤细胞对细胞因子和化学药物的敏感性。     

Rapid bioluminescence method for bacteriuria screening.

A study was performed to evaluate the UTIscreen (Los Alamos Diagnostics, Los Alamos, N. Mex.), a rapid bioluminescence bacteriuria screen. The UTIscreen was compared with three other rapid bacteriuria screens: the Bac-T-Screen (Vitek Systems, Hazelwood, Mo.), an automated filtration device; the Chemstrip LN (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.), an enzyme dipstick; and the Gram stain. A semiquantitative plate culture was used as the reference method. Of the 1,000 specimens tested, 276 had colony counts of greater than 10(5) CFU/ml by the culture method. Of these, the UTIscreen detected 96% (265 of 276) using greater than or equal to 5% of the integrated light output of the standard reading as a positive interpretive breakpoint, the Bac-T-Screen detected 96% (266 of 276), the Chemstrip LN detected 90% (249 of 276), and the Gram stain detected 96% (264 of 276). Of the 214 probable pathogens isolated at greater than 10(5) CFU/ml, the UTIscreen detected 95% (204 of 214), the Bac-T-Screen detected 98% (210 of 214), the Chemstrip LN detected 92% (198 of 214), and the Gram stain detected 98% (209 of 214). The predictive values of negative test results at greater than 10(5) CFU/ml for the UTIscreen, the Bac-T-Screen, the Chemstrip LN, and the Gram stain were 98, 97, 93, and 98%, respectively. The overall specificities at greater than 10(5) CFU/ml for the UTIscreen, the Bac-T-Screen, the Chemstrip LN, and the Gram stain were 70, 48, 51, and 69%, respectively. There were 532 specimens with colony counts of >10(3) CFU/ml, and of these, the UTIscreen, the Bac-T-Screen, the Chemstrip LN, and the Gram stain detected 72, 81, 76, and 73%, respectively. Of the 249 probable pathogens isolated at >10(3) CFU/ml, the UTIscreen, the Bac-T-Screen, the Chemstrip LN, and the Gram stain detected 91, 95, 89, and 93%, respectively. The overall specificities at > 10(3) CFU/ml for these methods were 79, 55, 57, and 78%, respectively. The cost per test for detection was approximately $0.50 for the Chemstrip LN. Overall, the UTIscreen is rapid and easy to perform; its sensitivity compared favorably with those of the other screening methods; it had higher specificity than the Bac-T-Screen and Chemstrip LN; and it allowed for bathing of specimen.     

Distribution of serotonin in the brain stem and spinal cord of the lizard Varanus exanthematicus: an immunohistochemical study

The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve cell bodies, fibers and terminals in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus was studied with the indirect immunofluorescence technique, using antibodies to serotonin. Most of the serotonin-containing cell bodies were found in the midline, in both of the raphe nuclei, i.e. the nuclei raphes superior and inferior. A considerable number of more laterally shifted serotonergic neurons was found particularly at three levels of the brain stem, viz. in the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum, at the isthmic level, and over a long distance in the medulla oblongata. These laterally situated serotonin-positive neurons were partly found within the confines of the substantia nigra, the nucleus reticularis superior and the lateral part of the nucleus reticularis medius and ventrolateral part of the nucleus reticularis inferior, respectively. No serotonergic cell bodies were found in the spinal cord. In the brain stem a dense serotonergic innervation was observed in all of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, in two layers of the tectum mesencephali, in the nucleus interpeduncularis pars ventralis, the nucleus profundus mesencephali pars rostralis, the periventricular grey, the nucleus parabrachialis, the vestibular nuclear complex, the nucleus descendens nervi trigemini, the nucleus raphes inferior, and parts of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Descending serotonergic pathways could be traced into the spinal cord via the dorsolateral, ventral and ventromedial funiculi, and were found to innervate mainly three parts of the spinal grey throughout the spinal cord, i.e. the dorsal part of the dorsal horn, the motoneuron area in the ventral horn, and the intermediate zone just lateral to the central canal. The results obtained in the present study suggest a close resemblance of the organization of the serotonergic system in reptiles and mammals, especially as to the serotonergic innervation of the spinal cord.     

Pathological findings in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease) (author's transl)]

About 8-years old boy with a brief clinical history and postmortem findings of a subactue encephalomyelopathy (Leigh-Syndrom) is reported. Pathohistological features were found to be of microcyst formation, vascular proliferation, proliferation of astrocytes, fibrillary gliosis, partial destruction of the myelin sheaths, relative preservation of the cell bodies of neurons. The lesions were symmetrical and involved the tegmentum mesencephali, the lamine quadrigemina, the substantia nigra, the tegmentum pontis, the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata, the basal protion of nucl. lentiformis, the ansa lenticularis, the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the gray matter of the spinal cord. Moderate changes were in the cerebellum. There was no marked histological changes in the cerebral cortex and white matter of the cerebrum, the mammillary bodies, the nervi and tracti optici and the peripheral nerves.     

团体心理辅导提高朋辈心理咨询员心理素质的实验研究

目的 提高朋辈心理咨询员的心理素质,评估团体心理辅导的效果.方法 对心理健康协会自愿参加团体培训的30名会员进行团体心理辅导,对团体辅导前后测得的SCL-90、PEI、16PF及主观自评量表的结果进行分析.结果 被试在后测中SCL-90各项因子得分均低于前测,其中躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑等5项差异显著;个人评价总分高于前测,差异显著;16PF量表中的乐群性、怀疑性、忧虑性、自律性及紧张性5个人格因素有显著性改变;另主观自评方面均有正向改变,差异显著.结论 团体心理辅导对朋辈心理咨询员的心理素质具有良好的促进作用.     

单侧完全性唇裂Millard术后1~6年患儿鼻唇部结构测量

目的 观测单侧完全性唇裂Millard术后1、3、6年患儿鼻唇部结构,为术后继发鼻唇畸形分类提供参考数据及后期手术矫正方法和手术时间选择提供参照。方法 回顾分析2009年1月—2013年12月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形烧伤科和口腔科单侧完全性唇裂Millard法术后1、3及6年患儿鼻唇部结构测量的资料,患儿手术时年龄均为6个月,分别列为术后1年组(12例)、3年组(13例)、6年组(12例);并对应选取1.5、3.5和6.5岁同年龄段颌面部无先天性畸形、无手术史的儿童作对照,分别列为正常1.5岁组(13名)、3.5岁组(12例)、6.5岁组(15名)。各组性别不限。以Farkas头面部测量内容为基础,选择11个测量标记点,15个观察项目(11个线性观察项目,4个角度观察项目)进行测量。结果 与正常1.5岁组比较,术后1年组患儿的鼻小柱宽度、鼻翼基底宽、鼻宽、唇高、唇宽四项、鼻唇角、鼻尖角、患侧鼻翼厚度,以及患侧和健侧的鼻孔宽、鼻孔高、鼻翼长、鼻翼外侧角、鼻前角测量值差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);与正常3.5岁组比较,术后3年组患儿的鼻小柱宽度、鼻翼基底宽、鼻宽、唇宽四项、鼻唇角、鼻尖角和健侧的鼻翼外侧角、鼻前角、鼻孔高,以及患侧和健侧的鼻孔宽、鼻翼长测量值差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);与正常6.5岁组比较,术后6年组患儿的健侧鼻孔宽、唇宽四项、鼻唇角、鼻尖角,以及患侧和健侧的鼻孔高、鼻翼厚度、鼻翼外侧角、鼻前角测量值差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论 单侧完全性唇裂患儿Millard法术后随年龄增长,患儿鼻唇部结构与正常儿童的差异整体趋势逐渐减小,说明唇裂术后鼻唇畸形有自行矫正的趋势;为减少术后出现畸形,健侧鼻孔宽、高和唇宽四项在行Millard法唇裂修复术时应提前给予预防。鼻唇角、鼻尖角、健侧鼻翼外侧角、健侧鼻前角可适时根据畸形程度给予矫正。     

Detection of Salmonella contamination in food samples by dot-ELISA, DNA amplification and bacterial culture.

A dot-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) employing a genus Salmonella specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) was used for detection of the bacteria in food samples in comparison with the conventional culture method and the DNA amplification. Among the 200 chicken and pork samples (100 each) tested, 9% and 33%, 7% and 20% and 7 and 23% were positive for salmonellae by the dot-ELISA, the culture method and the DNA amplification, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that the sensitivity, specificity, efficacy, and positive and negative predictive values of the detection of Salmonella in the food samples by dot-ELISA compared with the culture method were 93.33%, 91.76%, 92%, 66.66% and 98.73%, respectively. Comparison of the DNA amplification and the culture method revealed the sensitivity, specificity, efficacy, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 91.58%, 92%, 65.21% and 100%, respectively. The dot-ELISA and the DNA amplification results were in a better agreement when the two assays were compared. The sensitivity, specificity, efficacy, positive and negative predictive values of the dot-ELISA compared to the DNA amplification were 91.3%, 100%, 98%, 100% and 97.5%, respectively. From this study, the dot-ELISA is rapid, simple, sensitive, specific at low cost with limited amount of infectious waste to be disposed and offers another advantage in that it detects only the smooth LPS of Salmonella which implies the possible presence of the virulent organisms.     

基于方剂计量学的中医药治疗艾滋病方剂研究

目的 通过方剂计量指标的运用,尝试从药物剂量等方面揭示中医药治疗艾滋病临证遣药药量及味数特点。方法 按照《艾滋病中医治疗手册》,建立中医药治疗艾滋病处方数据库,计算方剂用药总量、方剂用药总量均值、方剂用药总量标准差、最大方剂用药量、最小方剂用药量、方剂平均单药剂量均值、方剂平均单药剂量标准差;使用频率最高的前20味药物最大用药量、使用频率最高的前20味药物最小用药量、使用频率最高的前20味药物用药量均值、使用频率最高的前20味药物用药量标准差;某种病症所使用方剂的用药数的平均值、标准差和最大值、最小值等指标进行分析。结果 中医药治疗艾滋病方剂用药总量为10272.90 g,方剂用药均值为120.85 g,标准差为96.33 g。其中用药量最大的方剂用药剂量为500 g,用药剂量最小的方剂为16 g,极差为484 g。方剂平均单药剂量均值12.59 g,标准差8.81 g。使用频次最高的20味药物依次为茯苓、甘草、白术、当归、陈皮、党参、白芍、半夏、柴胡、黄芪、桔梗、泽泻、炙甘草、防风、桂枝、山药、黄连、川芎、赤芍、厚朴。这20味药物用药频率占所有药物频率的38.92%。结论 中医药治疗艾滋病临证用药具有使用剂量的多样性及灵活性,方剂味数灵活多变,药简力宏的由少药味组成的古方为临床医生所喜用的特点。