金纳米颗粒掺杂导电聚合物对有机-硅杂化光伏电池性能的影响研究

本研究将金纳米颗粒掺入聚3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸（PEDOT:PSS）薄膜中,制备了有机-硅杂化光伏电池。与纯PEDOT:PSS-硅电池相比,掺入金纳米颗粒制备的杂化光伏电池的光电转化效率（PCE）提高了23%,达到12.85%。电池的电流密度-电压曲线（J-V）、外量子效率（EQE）和电容-电压曲线（C-V）测试结果表明,掺入金纳米颗粒后电池性能提高的主要原因在于电池的光学性能和电学性能得到了改善：在金纳米颗粒的等离子共振区域,电池对光的反射性能降低;金纳米颗粒还能提高PEDOT:PSS薄膜的导电率、增加该电池的内建电场,因此极大减少了电荷在传输过程中的损失,提高了电池中电荷的传输和收集效率。     

PEDOT:PSS对电极的制备及其光电性能研究

通过DMSO掺杂处理和硫酸后处理两种方法制备了基于聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩∶聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)的对电极。采用循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了PEDOT:PSS电极的电化学性质,发现与DMSO处理PEDOT:PSS电极相比,经过硫酸处理的PEDOT:PSS电极对于I3-到I-还原反应具有更高的电催化活性和更小的电荷转移电阻。由纯的和改性PEDOT:PSS对电极分别组装了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs),并研究了其光伏性能。结果表明基于硫酸处理的PEDOT:PSS电极的电池在上述三种类型电池中具有最高的光电转换效率(2. 11%)。     

聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩/金复合电极的制备及其在多巴胺检测中的应用

在水溶液中,以对甲苯磺酸钠为支持电解质,在氧化铟锡导电玻璃上,采用电化学恒电位极化法制备聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)修饰电极。通过电化学循环伏安法,在PEDOT电极上沉积金纳米颗粒(Au NPs),制得PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极,用于多巴胺(DA)的电化学检测。考察了PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极中Au NPs的沉积量对DA电化学检测响应的影响,同时研究了在干扰物质抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)存在时,PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极对DA的检测。结果表明,在中性p H溶液中,利用PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极,采用差分脉冲伏安法检测DA的线性范围为5×10-6~1×10-4mol/L,最低检测限可达1×10-8mol/L,且能有效排除AA和UA的干扰,实现三者的同时检测。     

聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩/金复合电极的制备及其在多巴胺检测中的应用

在水溶液中,以对甲苯磺酸钠为支持电解质,在氧化铟锡导电玻璃上,采用电化学恒电位极化法制备聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)修饰电极。通过电化学循环伏安法,在PEDOT电极上沉积金纳米颗粒(Au NPs),制得PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极,用于多巴胺(DA)的电化学检测。考察了PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极中Au NPs的沉积量对DA电化学检测响应的影响,同时研究了在干扰物质抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)存在时,PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极对DA的检测。结果表明,在中性p H溶液中,利用PEDOT/Au复合修饰电极,采用差分脉冲伏安法检测DA的线性范围为5×10-6¹×10-4mol/L,最低检测限可达1×10-8mol/L,且能有效排除AA和UA的干扰,实现三者的同时检测。     

碳黑含量对导电聚合物基复合对电极光电性能的影响

通过将导电聚合物聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩∶聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)与不同含量的碳黑混合,并采用简单的刮涂法制备了系列复合对电极。循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱的研究表明,随着PEDOT∶PSS中碳黑含量的增加I_3~-催化还原活性显著提高。由复合对电极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电性能研究结果表明,碳黑含量10%的对电极制备的电池具有最高的光电转换效率(2.81%)。     

基于金纳米星修饰的氧化锡电子传输层制备高性能甲脒铅碘钙钛矿太阳能电池

有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池是光伏领域新的研究热点。通过对钙钛矿薄膜品质及器件结构的持续优化,此类太阳能电池的光电转换效率不断提升。有研究表明,钙钛矿太阳能器件性能的进一步提高依赖于针对电子传输层的材料及结构优化。在此项研究中,我们将通过在二氧化锡电子传输层薄膜中引入金纳米星(Au NSs),旨在改善对应太阳能电池器件的综合性能。最终展现出20%以上的光电转换效率。     

导电高分子PEDOT／PSS保护银纳米颗粒的制备与表征

利用导电高分子聚（3，4-二氧乙基噻吩）／聚（对苯乙烯磺酸）（PEDOT／PSS）作保护剂，制备了银纳米颗粒，用UV-Vis和TEM对其进行了表征．结果表明，选择合适量的PEDOT／PSS保护剂可以得到大小分布较窄银纳米颗粒．     

金纳米颗粒/活性炭纤维的绿色制备及性能表征

采用绿原酸为绿色还原剂,在活性炭纤维(Active Fiber Carbon,ACF)上还原金前驱体形成金纳米颗粒(Gold nanoparticles,Au NPs),制备出Au NPs/ACF纳米复合材料,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面及孔径分析仪对其形貌和比表面积进行了表征。结果表明该绿色还原法可以同时制备Au NPs并进行在ACF上的负载,避免了毒性较大的还原剂硼氢化钠的使用,具有较高的环境友好性。     

高导电PEDOT/PSS复合材料改性研究进展

从聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)掺杂优化、溶剂再掺杂改性(无机酸、有机试剂、离子液体)、纳米材料改性(碳纳米管、石墨烯、贵金属纳米粒子)和溶剂掺杂与纳米材料复合改性等方面综述聚(3,4–亚乙基二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)/PSS复合材料的改性研究进展,详细介绍各自的改性机理和相对优势。最后展望了高导电PEDOT/PSS复合材料的发展趋势和改进方向。     

PEDOT:PSS导电性能优化方法的研究进展

导电高分子材料聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)因其稳定性好、电导率高、溶液加工性好等优点而受到人们的广泛关注。PEDOT:PSS的电导率经化学或物理的方法处理后会有较大改变。对提高PEDOT:PSS材料电导率的方法进行了综述,通过掺杂(有机溶剂、无机纳米粒子、酸处理)、与碳材料复合等方法可以提高PEDOT:PSS的电导率,并对其以后的发展进行了展望。     

镍在有机合成反应中的应用

有机镍化合物作为重要的催化剂,在有机合发反应中有着广泛的应用.近年来有机镍化学发展十分迅速.本文全面综述了有机镍化合物在有机合成中的应用.     

有机肥料中有机质测定方法的探讨

重铬酸钾容量法是测定有机肥料中有机质较好的方法。根据实践经验,介绍了该法检测时应注意的几点问题。     

有机铝化合物在有机合成中的应用

有机铝化合物因其产量大、价廉，作为有机金属化合物反应性高，因此在有机合成中应用广泛。本文对有机铝化合物的应用及发展作一简略概述。     

有机概念和有机化妆品认证

本文描述了有机及有机化妆品的概念；有机食品、绿色食品及无公害食品的差别；有机化妆品认证过程，不同国家对有机化妆品的标准、法律法规等     

有机肥料中有机质检测影响因素探讨

有机肥料在农作物生长过程中起着非常重要的作用。通过合理施加有机肥料,可以有效提升土壤肥力,提高农作物的产量和品质。土壤中有机质的含量是判断土壤肥力的重要依据。所以,在农业种植中要特别重视测定有机肥料中有机质的含量。作为检测有机质的一线人员,在检测过程中发现采用不同的标准、方法都会对检测结果产生影响。主要分析了有机肥料中有机质的检测方法以及应该注意的事项。     

有机电化学合成

有机电化学合成具有许多优点,近二十年来,有关有机电化学合成的研究和工业应用进展迅速,已成为一门新的热点学科。对有机电化学合成工艺、分类、研究内容、研究进展和一些有待研究解决的问题进行综述     

Using Fractionated Natural Organic Matter to Quantitate Organic Byproducts of Ozonation

An improved procedure was used to isolate and fractionate natural organic matter (NOM) in water for subsequent ozonation and disinfection by-product (DBP) and color removal quantisation. Isolated NOM fractions from two different sources, accounting for approximately 50 to 60% of the dissolved organic material and 60 to 75% of the color, were characterized and then ozonated under conditions approximating those encontered during drinking water treatment. The natural waters also were ozonated. Organic DBPs of either health concern or which may contribute to biological instability of finished water were investigated, including aldehydes, oxoacids and low molecular weight carboxylic acids. pH and ozone dosage were the parameters having the greatest effect on DBP formation. On the basis of UV absorbance measurements, the fulvic acid fractions studied taken together accurately represented the natural water and may be the primary sources of precursor material for aldehydes and oxoacid DBPs. However, as yet unidentified NOM fractions contribute significantly to carboxylic acid formation upon ozonation.     

Adsorption of Organic Phenojs onto Dual Organic Cation Montmorillonite from Water

Abstract

Single- and multicomponent competitive adsorptions were carried out in a batch reactor to investigate the removal of three toxic organic phenols, 2-chlorophenol, 3-cyanophenol, and 4-nitrophenot, using organically modified montmorillonite. To study the removal capacity of phenolic contaminants dissolved in aqueous solution, two organic cations, tetramethylammonium (TMA) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), were exchanged for the metal cations on the montmorillonite to the extent of about 40 and 45% of the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the montmorillonite, respectively, resulting in a surface property change from hydrophilic to organophilic. From the experimental results it was observed that adsorption affinity on TMA/HDTMA–montmorillonite is in the order 2-chlorophenol > 4-nitrophenol > 3-cyanophenol. The Langmuir and the Redlich–Peterson models were used to analyze the single component adsorption equilibria. On the other hand, the IAST and LCM models were used to predict the multicomponent competitive adsorption equilibria. These models yielded favorable representations of both individual and competitive adsorption behaviors.     

On the Importance of Organic Oxygen for Understanding Organic Aerosol Particles

This study shows how aerosol organic oxygen data could provide new information about organic aerosol mass, aqueous solubility of organic aerosols, formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and the relative contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. For more than two decades, atmospheric aerosol organic mass (OM) concentration has been estimated by multiplying the measured carbon content by an assumed (OM)-to-organic carbon (OC) factor, usually 1.4. However, this factor can vary from 1.0 to 2.5 depending on location. This large uncertainty about aerosol organic mass limits our understanding of the influence of organic aerosol on climate, visibility and health. New examination of organic aerosol speciation data shows that the oxygen content is responsible for the observed range in the OM-to-OC factor. When organic oxygen content is excluded, the ratio of non-oxygen organic mass to carbon mass varies very little across different environments (1.12 to 1.14). The non-oxygen-OM-to-OC factor for all studied sites (urban and non-urban) averaged 1.13. The uncertainty becomes an order of magnitude smaller than the uncertainty in the best current estimates of organic mass to organic carbon ratios (1.6 ± 0.2 for urban and 2.1 ± 0.2 for non-urban areas). This analysis suggests that, when aerosol organic oxygen data become available, organic aerosol mass can be quite accurately estimated using just OC and organic oxygen (OO) without the need to know whether the aerosol is fresh or aged. In addition, aerosol organic oxygen data will aid prediction of water solubility since compounds with OO-to-OC higher than 0.4 have water solubilities higher than 1 g per 100 g water.