Zr掺杂对Li4Ti5O12电化学性能的影响

采用高温固相法合成了掺锆锂钛氧复合氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料,并对材料进行了X射线衍射分析、电化学阻抗测试、循环伏安测试及恒电流充放电测试,锆的掺杂并未改变材料的晶体结构,但降低了材料的规整度,实验结果表明：锆的掺杂在一定程度上改善了锂钛氧化合物的电化学性能,降低了电极极化,在电极表面未形成钝化膜,其中以掺杂比为Li：Ti=1：10（原子比）的材料性能最好,首次放电比容量可达到167,5mAh·g^-1,经过50次循环后,放电容量仍保持在146,9mAh·g^-1,     

Ni改性LiFe1-xNixPO4的结构与电化学性能

利用半固相碳热还原法制备了橄榄石型LiFe1-xNixPO4（x=0,0.02,0.05,0．08）锂离子电池正极材料．并用XRD、充放电测试、循环伏安、电化学阻抗测试等研究了其结构和电化学性能．实验结果表明：所制备材料均具有单一的橄榄石结构,其中材料LiFe0.95Ni0.05,PO4的电化学性能最佳．在0．2C和2．4～4．0V条件下恒流充放电,首次放电比容量可达139．35mAh·g^-1,30次循环后放电比容量仍保持在133．98mAh·g^-1以上,保持率为96．15％．循环伏安和电化学阻抗测试表明材料具有良好的充放电可逆性和较小的阻抗。     

离子掺杂对锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4电化学性能的影响

采用一步高温固相合成法制备橄榄石型锂离子电池正极材料LixFe（1-y）MoyPO4／C,着重研究了不同锂铁比和铁位钼元素掺杂对材料的充放电性能的影响．结果表明：当Li：Fe=1．03：1时,磷酸铁锂的放电比容量和充放电循环性能最佳,首次放电比容量最高为100．8mAh／g;在富锂基础上,Mo掺杂的浓度为Li1.033Mo0.01Fe0.97PO4／C时,材料表现出的电化学性能最好,所能达到的最大比容量为144．8mAh／g．     

高能量密度LiMn2O4微球的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用控制结晶法制备的球形MnCO3前驱体与Li2CO4在高温煅烧条件下进行固相反应合成了高能量密度尖晶石型LiMn2O4微球。通过扫描电子显微镜对不同反应时间形成的球形MnCO3产物观察表明,球形MnCO3前驱体是由许多小粒子通过静电作用力组装而成的球形微米二次粒子,其形成经历了一个成核一聚结的过程。球形MnCO3前驱体经高温锂化后可以直接获得高振实密度的LiMn2O4微球（1．8g·cm^-3）,煅烧前后形貌未发生明显改变。LiMn2O4微球在常温和高温（55℃）条件下的电化学性能测试表明,在0．5C（1C=148inA·g^-1）倍率时,常温下的首次充放电比容量分别为117．3和116．0mAh·g^-1,充放电能量密度分别为480．8和462．0Wh·kg^-1,50次循环后的放电能量密度保持率为98．8％;高温下的首次充放电比容量分别为119．6和115．6mAh·g^-1,充放电能量密度分别为487．6和462．9Wh·kg^-1,50次循环后的放电能量密度保持率仍达到92．3％。     

松针状碳纳米管/碳纤维复合碳材料的制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

采用热催化化学气相沉积法,在催化剂前驱体预处理的碳纸碳纤维上沉积碳纳米管。沉积的碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管,石墨化程度高、分布密度高、比表面积大、管径均匀,微观形貌为松针状。以所制备的CNTs/CF复合材料作为三维多孔电子导体制成锂硫电池,S/CNTs/CF电池首次放电比容量达到1 213.6mAh/g,硫的利用率为72.45%,循环55次后比容量保持在798.4mAh/g,比活性炭电池的电化学性能有显著提高,表明S/CNTs/CF复合材料可以有效地提升锂硫电池的循环性能。     

氧化镍钴锂(LiNi0.8Co0.2O2)为正极的高比能量18650型锂离子电池研究

对高比容量、低成本的氧化镍钴锂材料的合成及其在18650型锂离子电池中的性能进行了研究,合成出的批量5kg的氧化镍钴锂材料的放电比容量达到180mAh/g以上．以其为正极,MCMB和天然石墨为负极组装的一批18650电池,最高放电容量为2297mAh,质量比能量为190Wh/kg;电池100％DOD,800mA充放循环600次,容量为初始容量的65％;50％DOD,1A充放循环1000次,放电终了电压由3.45下降到2.98V;电池经过过充、过放、短路、挤压等安全试验,未发生起火、爆炸现象．对电极的制作工艺和电池的设计工艺进行优化,设计出的18650样品电池容量为2530mAh,质量比能量达到210wh/kg,体积比容量550wh/L．     

Sb_4O_5Cl_2/RGO/C复合材料的溶剂热制备及其储锂性能测试

以葡萄糖为氧化石墨烯(GO)的还原剂和碳源,采用溶剂热法制备得到了Sb4O5Cl2/RGO/C复合材料,并首次将其用于锂离子电池负极材料进行充放电性能测试.结果表明,Sb4O5Cl2/RGO/C复合材料具有较高的可逆比容量和良好的循环性能,首次可逆比容量达636mAh·g-1,60次循环之后可逆容量仍保持在334mAh·g-1.同时,分别在100,200,500和1 000mA·g-1电流密度下进行充放电性能测试,可逆比容量分别为349,282,232和180mAh·g-1,呈现出较好的倍率性能.     

锂离子电池材Li1＋xZnxMn2-xO4电化学性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Zn^2＋取代的锂离子电池正极材料Li1＋xZnxMn2-xO4。结构研究结果表明,用这种方法可以在比固相反应低得多的温度下得到单相的尖晶石且制得的材料粒度均匀,粒径大多在150nm左右。半电池循环测试结果表明,起始组成为x=0．06的样品性能最佳,其与锂片组成的半电池在3．0V-4．6V间,以0．10mA／cm^2的电流密度进行充放电的首次充、放电容量分别为131．4mAh／g和129．2mAh／g,经35次循环后容量仍保持在100mAh／g。     

冷冻干燥石墨烯包覆硫/多孔碳复合正极材料的制备与电化学性能测试

为了缓解锂硫电池在充放电过程中的活性成分流失以及过充电问题,本文采用冷冻干燥与后续热处理方法制备得到还原氧化石墨烯包覆的硫/碳复合材料(S@C/FD-rGO),并将其作为锂硫电池正极材料.电化学性能测试结果表明,还原氧化石墨烯的包覆有效抑制了多硫化物的溶解,所制备的S@C/FD-rGO复合材料的首次可逆容量为965.8mAh·g~(-1),循环100圈后可逆容量为488.3mAh·g~(-1),容量保持率为50.6%,相较于未包覆石墨烯的硫/碳复合材料,电化学性能得到显著提高.     

锂-累托石基锂硫电池复合正极材料的研究

在二次电池中,锂硫电池作为以硫为正极活性物质的电池形态,它具有原料环保且相对于其他传统材料更高比容量的特点。针对锂硫电池硫导电性差、膨胀率较大且充放电过程形成的多硫化锂易溶于电解液形成"穿梭效应"的不足,设计了一种以锂盐改性累托石为硫的宿主,碳硫复合的正极材料来改善锂硫电池的电化学性能。经测试,锂盐改性可以较大程度地疏通累托石的层间和孔道结构,增大比表面积和孔容,从而扩大硫在孔道中的负载空间,同时锂离子大量富集于材料中能有效提高充放电中离子和电子的传输。该改性正极复合材料在0. 1 C倍率下首圈循环充放电比容量为877 mAh/g,60圈后比容量衰减为653 mAh/g,容量保有率为74. 5%,说明材料中的成分能有效吸附多硫化物、抑制穿梭效应,使材料具有较好的循环稳定性。在电流密度0. 1、0. 2、0. 5、1 C下平均比容量分别为850、750、600和500 mAh/g左右,表现出良好的倍率性能。其电荷转移阻抗为63Ω,有利于电子电荷的传导。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-