促燃剂制取的必要性及制取方法初步探究

在煤液化残渣中加入一定量的促燃剂(活性中心分别NaA、NaY型的促燃剂),根据促燃剂的催化燃烧特性来改变残渣的燃烧特性,着火点降低,燃尽率的提高。有助于减少污染物的排放,达到环保和节能的目的。重油、劣质油中含有大量的碱氮,碱氮的数量越多越容易和酸性促燃剂、催化剂的酸中心进行中和。促燃剂或催化剂中毒主要是催化裂化原料中碱氮的存在,于是研发了多种针对抗氮的促燃剂或者催化剂。     

铈基脱硝催化剂的抗碱金属性能研究进展

氨-选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是消除NOx的最有效手段之一。铈基催化剂因其良好的氧化还原性能、适当的表面酸性、绿色经济而被广泛用于NH3-SCR反应,但目前用于SCR的铈基催化剂普遍存在碱金属中毒问题,严重限制了其实际应用。本文从铈基脱硝催化剂的碱金属中毒机理,降低碱金属中毒的策略(金属氧化物改性、酸化处理等)等方面总结介绍了近年来铈基催化剂抗碱金属中毒的最新研究进展,可为设计新型抗碱金属中毒SCR催化剂提供科学依据。     

共胶法系列加氢裂化催化剂生产工艺的开发及工业应用

本文概述了共胶法系列加氢裂化催化剂生产工艺的技术特点，介绍了共胶法系列加氢裂化催化剂工业生产和应用情况。业已表明该系列催化剂易于大规模工业生产，催化剂具有很高的抗氮中毒能力、良好的产品选择性和加氢裂化活性稳定性，工业推广应用前景良好。     

催化裂化催化剂碱氮中毒数学模型的研究

利用几种催化剂的催化裂化反应试验数据,通过碱氮中毒模型方程推导和模型参数的估计,建立了评价裂化催化剂抗碱氮中毒活性稳定性的数学模型。关联研究结果表明,降低催化剂分子筛含量和稀土金属含量,以及提高硅铝比和钠含量,有利于提高催化剂抗碱氮中毒活性稳定性;提高催化剂分子筛含量、硅铝重量比、稀土金属含量,以及降低钠含量,可提高催化裂化反应速率。     

加氢裂化催化剂氮中毒分析和在线处理方法

针对南方某炼厂加氢裂化催化剂氮中毒后在线恢复,分析了氮在加氢裂化中的分布,对其影响因素进行分析讨论,提出了实际生产中催化剂氮中毒复活方法。     

原位拉曼和红外技术对二氧化铈脱硝催化剂硫酸化处理过程的研究

NH_3选择性催化还原NOx技术的关键是催化剂,其中,理解催化剂的硫中毒机制是获取抗硫中毒催化剂的有效方法。借助原位拉曼和红外表征考察氧化态、还原态CeO_2催化剂在二氧化硫、氧气处理气氛中体相和表面硫酸盐以及氧缺陷的变化。NH_3-SCR催化反应结果表明,硫酸化还原态CeO_2具有较优的脱硝性能,这主要来源于还原态CeO_2上的缺陷,有利于氧化SO_2,产生表面硫酸盐,增强催化剂酸性,同时抑制体相硫酸盐的生成,促进NH_3-SCR反应的进行。     

烟气脱硝技术催化剂制备方法及性能对比

脱硝催化剂是SCR工艺中的核心部分,在脱氮效率方面发挥着重要的作用。鉴于不同的应用,其制备方法也各有不同。本文研究了SCR脱硝催化剂的5种制备方法,包括浸渍法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和离子交换法,介绍了制备方法对催化剂性能和抗中毒性能的影响,并提出SCR催化剂未来的可能研究方向,探究抗SO_2和抗H_2O作用机理,从本质上找到催化剂失活原因进行再生来延长其寿命,改善催化剂制备工艺提高综合性能。     

工业脱硝催化剂的碱金属中毒和再生研究进展

碱金属中毒是工业脱硝催化剂失活的重要原因之一。文章介绍了碱金属中毒催化剂活性降低的原因:碱金属会引起催化剂酸性降低,活性组分还原性能的下降,并且减少催化剂表面的化学吸附氧。并列举了目前碱金属中毒脱硝催化剂的主要再生技术。     

催化裂化催化剂碱氮中毒数学模型的研究

利用几种催化剂的催化裂化反应试验数据,通过碱氮中毒模型方程推导和模型参数的估计,建立了评价裂化催化剂抗碱氮中毒活性稳定性的数学模型。关联研究结果表明,降低催化剂分子筛含量和稀土金属含量,以及提高硅铝比和钠含量,有利于提高催化剂抗碱氮中知性稳定性;提高催化剂分子筛含量、硅铝重量比、稀土金属含量,以及降低钠的含量,可提高催化裂化反应速率。     

羰基硫催化水解研究进展

综述了羰基硫水解催化剂载体和活性组分的选择，介绍了羰基硫水解反应机理和催化剂中毒失活的研究现状，并指出多组分混合或添加抗中毒助剂制备高活性、耐高氧羰基硫水解催化剂是未来这一领域的发展方向。     

FCC工艺中提升增产丙烯助剂性能研究进展

流化催化裂化（FCC）是炼厂最重要的二次加工工艺,也是石油化工应用中丙烯的第二大来源。随着丙烯需求消费的不断增长,在FCC催化剂中添加增产丙烯助剂是一种灵活、高效提高丙烯收率的途径,其助剂主要由活性组分ZSM-5分子筛和基质组成。本文主要从活性组分ZSM-5分子筛和基质两方面分别介绍目前阶段增产丙烯助剂的研究现状,通过对ZSM-5分子筛的改性来提升活性组分的性能,重点综述了调变分子筛的酸度、改善孔结构及粒度和提高水热稳定性;分析了基质孔结构和酸性的梯度分布对助剂在FCC工艺中提高原料的转化、减少生焦和增产丙烯的重要作用。最后指出在合成分子筛过程中引入改性元素,减少元素流失,提高改性元素的利用率,同时在助剂基质方面的研究仍有不足,开发低成本、大孔径和适宜酸度的高性能基质也是增产丙烯助剂未来的研究方向。     

催化裂化催化剂的酸性调变方法

综述了不同改性方法对催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的酸性调变作用以及对催化裂化反应性能的影响,主要包括脱铝改性、稀土改性、磷改性和镁改性等,对催化裂化催化剂的设计具有重要意义。     

FCC汽油脱硫降烯烃技术最新进展

介绍了国内外降低催化汽油中硫和烯烃的技术。降低FCC汽油烯烃和硫含量的主要技术有对FCC原料油进行加氢预处理、在FCC过程中使用具有降低汽油烯烃和硫含量的催化剂或助剂以及对 FCC 汽油进行脱硫和降烯烃精制处理三类。     

Synergisms between matrices and ZSM-5 in FCC gasoline non-hydrogenating upgrading catalysts

This article describes a novel non-hydrogenating FCC gasoline upgrading catalyst system consisting of a kaolin/γ-Al₂O₃ binary-matrix and an active component zeolite HZSM-5. Different catalysts made from the different combinations of HZSM-5 with the three matrices (two kaolins and γ-Al₂O₃) or their binary mixtures were prepared and their catalytic performances were assessed in a continuously flowing fixed-bed reactor using FCC gasoline as feedstock. The results showed that compared with the single-matrix based HZSM-5 catalysts, the binary-matrix based HZSM-5 catalysts had much better catalytic performance. The characterization results of the acidity, specific area and pore structure properties of the catalysts revealed that the synergisms between the matrices and HZSM-5 in the acidity and pore distribution of the binary-matrix based catalysts accounted for their improved catalytic performance. Our results demonstrated that the non-hydrogenating catalyst system developed in the present investigation can convert olefins in FCC gasoline into aromatics that have higher research octane number (RON) and thus has potential application for FCC gasoline upgrading because of its excellent olefin reduction ability and RON preservability.     

高岭土型FCC催化剂的特性研究

采用TG-TPD、IR等表征手段和MAT活性测定法研究了以高岭土原位晶化的特殊工艺所制备的各种高岭土型FCC催化剂的特性。结果表明,各种高岭土型催化剂具有酸强度、酸类型和孔分布合理的特点,其结构稳定,并具有优异的抗重金属性能。     

活性氧化铝在FCC催化剂中的应用研究

采用N^₂吸附法、IR和XRD等手段研究了活性氧化铝用于催化裂化(FCC )催化剂中的性能。结果表明,在FCC催化剂制备及应用条件下,活性氧化铝保持比较稳定的比表面积、孔容和酸性等性能。磷易与活性氧化铝作用,分子筛与磷的作用存在一个逐步平衡的过程;氧化铝有利于改善基质的孔结构;对以铝溶胶为粘结剂制备的催化剂进行磷改性处理,催化剂基质与活性组分分子筛上的磷含量基本相当。     

A novel catalyst system based on quadruple silicoaluminophosphate and aluminosilicate zeolites for FCC gasoline upgrading

To develop a novel catalyst system that has excellent olefin reduction capability for FCC gasoline without loss in octane number, different catalysts supported on multiple composite carriers consisting of SAPO-11, Hβ, HMOR and HZSM-5 were prepared and their catalytic performances for FCC gasoline upgrading were assessed in the present investigation. The pore structure and acidity of the catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption and pyridine adsorption FTIR, respectively. Based on the results obtained over the catalysts supported on binary-zeolite carriers (Hβ/HZSM-5, HMOR/HZSM-5 and SAPO-11/HZSM-5) using FCC gasoline as the feedstock, various multiple-zeolite supported catalysts were developed from different combinations of the binary-zeolite systems. It was found that the SAPO-11/HMOR/β/ZSM-5 quadruple composite zeolite supported catalyst gave higher liquid yield, improved gasoline RON, and lower coke deposit amount for the hydro-upgrading of FCC gasoline and thus can be considered as a potential catalyst system. A comprehensive analysis based on the catalytic activities and acidity measurements revealed that acid strength and acid type were two very important factors influencing hydroisomerization and aromatization activities, and the difference in catalyst acid strength determined which factor predominates.     

催化裂化催化剂用β分子筛的研究

β分子筛是继Y型和ZSM-5型分子筛之后又一类得到广泛工业应用的分子筛.该类分子筛是一种大孔、三维结构的高硅沸石,具有十二元环孔骨架结构.目前β分子筛在催化裂化催化剂领域的应用有限,主要是高昂成本的限制.本课题通过低成本硅源、低成本模板剂的使用和模板剂加入量的降低,在保证产品质量的前提下,较大幅度降低β分子筛生产成本,为其在催化裂化催化剂中的使用创造了条件.     

不同高岭土系黏土性质及在催化裂化催化剂中的应用

随着原料油重质化、劣质化程度逐渐增高,催化裂化催化剂基质不仅需要保证催化剂有良好的磨损性能和流化性能,还需要具有适当的孔和一定的酸性对原料油中的大分子进行预裂化。半合成催化裂化催化剂中的高岭土系黏土对催化剂性能有重要影响。高岭土可直接或经酸、碱改性作为催化剂基质,也可通过原位晶化技术合成分子筛或含有Y型分子筛的催化剂。累托石通过交联反应可以合成层柱分子筛用于催化裂化催化剂制备。埃洛石因其管状结构,作为基质时催化剂具有孔体积和比表面积大及活性高的特点。对催化裂化催化剂中高岭土系黏土结构、改性方法及在催化裂化催化剂中应用进行综述,并对今后高岭土在催化裂化催化剂中的研究方向进行展望。     

Hβ/HZSM-5 Composite Carrier Supported Catalysts for Olefins Reduction of FCC Gasoline Via Hydroisomerization and Aromatization

In order to develop a novel catalyst system that has excellent olefin reduction ability for FCC gasoline without loss in research octane number (RON), different catalysts supported on single- and binary-zeolite carriers consisting of Hβ or/and HZSM-5 were prepared and their catalytic performances for FCC gasoline upgrading were assessed in the present investigation. Acidity measurements by pyridine-adsorbed Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that hydroisomerization and aromatization activities were closely related to the density of acid sites and the ratios of medium Lewis acidity and strong Br?nsted acidity to total acidity. Compared with the single HZSM-5 supported catalyst, the single Hβ supported catalyst was found to have much better olefin reduction performance, but the product RON still suffered from a loss of 1.6. Compared to the single-zeolite supported catalysts, the binary-zeolite Hβ/HZSM-5 supported catalysts with the mass ratio of Hβ to HZSM-5 at 6.6 offered much more stable activity and selectivity to arene, which played an important role in preserving gasoline RON.