强降水对JDZ02-1型翻斗式雨量计误差影响的分析

JDZZ2—1型固态存储翻斗式雨量计与DSJ2型虹吸式自记雨量计相比,操作简单、自动存储、节省人力、数据传输快捷。该文对JDZZ2-1型固态存储翻斗式雨量计与DSJ2型虹吸式自记雨量计对比观测资料的计算与分析,找出了应用JDZ02-1型固态存储翻斗式雨量计观测降雨量产生误差的原因,提出了对JDZZ2-1型固态存储翻斗式雨量计的调试改进方法。     

提高单翻斗雨量计测量精度研究

结合对翻斗雨量计工作原理的介绍,分析了分辨率为0.1 mm翻斗雨量计的误差来源,给出了分辨率为0.1mm翻斗雨量计的雨强与误差关系图。针对变化雨强对小分辨率雨量计的影响,研究了虹吸排水均化雨强和增加平衡锤减小翻斗变换时间的方法,结论认为0.1 mm雨量计的测量精度可得到显著提高。     

运城市JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计应用分析

随着水文信息化的不断推进,运城市引用JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计代替人工测量城市降雨量。为探讨JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计的实用性和准确性,采用人工观测数据与JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计测量数据对比的方法进行分析,可为JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计在其他城市的应用提供参考。     

关于提升JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计测量精度的方法研究

为进一步提高JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计的测量精度,在分析误差产生原因的基础上,采用减小翻斗倾角及斗室转换时间、承雨器滴嘴处安装微型阀门及双干簧管错位布置等改进方法,减小由于翻斗部件、发信部件等因素引起的测量误差,从而提升JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计的测量精度。     

增大适应雨强范围的新型翻斗式雨量计设计

分析了翻斗式雨量计的动作过程误差随雨强增大而增大的关系,设计了一种增大适应雨强范围的分流式翻斗式雨量计,并在理论上对分流式翻斗式雨量计和现有的单翻斗式雨量计的适应雨强范围进行了比较。结果表明:分流式翻斗式雨量计可解决翻斗式雨量计因误差随雨强增大而增大导致的对雨强适应性不强的问题,增大翻斗式雨量计的适应雨强范围,既能保证大雨强时次雨量的计量精度,又能保证小雨强或微雨时的降雨计量次数。     

翻斗式雨量计的误差分析与改进

目前国内外水文自动测报系统使用的翻斗式雨量计存在翻斗式雨量传感器测量误差偏大问题,翻斗式雨量传感器主要存在最大起始、翻斗计量、器口尺寸等误差,在分析误差产生原因的基础上,提出相应的改进措施,主要措施有:调整翻斗感量,减小翻斗倾角,缩短2斗室转换时间,增大承雨口面积,安装阀门消减器差装置,仪器表面喷涂特氟龙,利用软件改正误差.从理论上解决了翻斗式雨量计误差偏大问题,可以在实践中推广应用     

JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计在大连地区应用的比测分析

文中介绍了JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计和虹吸式自记雨量计的工作原理,并利用2013年大连地区6-9月份降雨资料,进行两种雨量计数据的比测,得出结论:JDZ05-1型翻斗式雨量计完全可以在大连地区使用,不但能满足水情自动化测报系统要求,还可以满足资料年鉴刊印,以及日后的各种分析计算。     

遥测型翻斗雨量计观测资料的误差分析

安徽省阜阳水情分中心信息采集系统于2001年9月建成并投入使用，阜阳水文水资源局辖区内所使用的遥测雨量计为JDZ05—1型翻斗式雨量计，其特点为节省人力、减少错误，并且数据传递迅速、快捷，便于自动测报。阜阳水文水资源局为确保观测资料的精度，均采用虹吸式自记雨量计与其进行对比观测，现将该仪器与虹吸式自记雨量计对比观测的降雨量资料误差情况，作如下分析。     

固态存储雨量计与虹吸式雨量计降水资料初步对比分析

通过对JDZ05型、OTT Pluvio称重式雨量计与虹吸式自记雨量计不同时段的降水量数值和误差进行对比分析。结果表明,JDZ05翻斗式雨量计和称重式雨量计存在一定误差,但多数数据精度满足规范的要求。(1)JDZ05型、OTT Pluvio称重式雨量计汛期降水量一般均少于虹吸式;(2)两种雨量计与虹吸式雨量计日降水量的平均相对误差一般在0.1%~4%之间;(3)两种雨量计短历时降水平均相对误差符合规范要求的比例随着降水历时增长并趋于稳定,一般在63%~91%之间,称重式雨量计一般大于翻斗式雨量计;(4)翻斗式雨量计与虹吸式自记雨量计相比,日降水量偏多、偏少日数基本相当,称重式雨量计大多偏多。     

JDZO2-1型翻斗式雨量器在尚德站的应用

对尚德站JDZ02-1型翻斗式雨量器的安装、调试、维护经验进行了总结,为其应用提供借鉴。     

Calibration of tipping bucket rain gauges

A tipping bucket rain gauge measures rain fall volumes with high resolution, thus enabling calculation of rain intensities. To ensure that the volume of one tipping is independent of the rain intensity a syphon is introduced. However, the syphon introduces problems with respect to both a time lag and problems when reconstructing the underlying rain intensities. This problem is studied in detail. The rain gauge in question is a RIMCO tipping bucket rain gauge, used by the Danish Water Pollution Control Committee (DWPCQ. The rain gauge has been tested in the laboratory and in the field. The study shows, that it is possible to reduce the syphon volume to a level where the problems of the syphon are small and yet maintain the same accuracy with respect to volume registrations.     

双层翻斗式雨量计翻斗特性的试验和模拟分析

为探究双层翻斗式雨量计(DTBR)减小计量误差的作用机理以及进一步提高DTBR的计量精度,利用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,通过高速摄像掌握翻斗翻转特性,结合动网格和流体体积法(VOF)模型对DTBR上层翻斗的翻转过程进行流体动力学模拟,并进一步优化了DTBR的结构设计。结果表明:DTBR依靠上层翻斗,通过中间漏斗将自然降水强度下的出流量稳定在1.01.g/s左右注入下层计量翻斗,可明显降低降水强度对雨量计计量误差的影响,且在高降水强度下的效果更加明显；中间漏斗在不同降水强度下的流量均稳定在1.g/s(等效1.91 mm/min降水强度)左右,在DTBR标定中,可考虑只对下层的计量翻斗进行1.91 mm/min降水强度的标定,即可满足DTBR的计量要求；中间漏斗存在震荡出流过程,出流最大可达2.g/s左右；降低上层翻斗的中轴高度可在一定程度上稳定中间漏斗的出流过程。     

Modelling the embedded rainfall process using tipping bucket data

A new method for modelling the dynamics of rain measurement processes is suggested. The method takes the discrete nature and autocorrelation of measurements from the tipping bucket rain gauge into consideration. The considered model is a state space model with a Poisson marginal distribution. In the model there is only one parameter, a thinning parameter. The model is tested on 39 rain events. The estimated value for the various rain events is reflecting a subjective classification of rain events into frontal and convective rain. Finally, it is demonstrated how the model can be used for simulation and prediction.     

Influence of systematic errors from tipping bucket rain gauges on recorded rainfall data

Tipping bucket rain gauges (TBR) are widely used in urban hydrology. The present study investigated the uncertainties in recorded rainfall intensity induced by the following properties of the TBR: depth resolution i.e. the bucket volume, calibration parameters, wetting and evaporation losses and the method of data recording (time between tips or tips per minute). The errors were analysed by means of a TBR simulator i.e. a simulation program that models the behaviour of a TBR. Rainfall data disaggregated to 6 seconds from measured 1-min data and randomly varied were taken as input to the simulator. Different TBR data series were produced by changing the properties of the simulated rain gauge. These data series together with the original rainfall events were used as input to a rainfall-runoff model. Computed overflow volume and peak discharge from a combined sewer overflow (CSO) weir were compared. Errors due to depth resolution (i.e. the bucket size) proved to be small. Therefore TBRs with a depth resolution up to 0.254 mm can be used in urban hydrology without inducing significant errors. Wetting and evaporation losses caused small errors. The method of data recording had also little influence. For larger bucket volumes variable time step recording induced smaller errors than tips per minute recording.     

Formulating and testing a rain series generator based on tipping bucket gauges

Changing needs of the society also change the goals of hydrological calculations. The “design storm” concept cannot provide adequate answers to the complex problems on many time scales that society is facing today. This paper present a novel approach to generate artificial rain data with a time resolution sufficient for urban hydrology. The model is based on Wolds process of intervals, ie. it generates waiting times observed at a tipping bucket gauge conditional on the previous waiting time. The model is verified both with respect to average and extreme values and by testing it on urban drainage problems and it is concluded that the model appears to have captured to properties of rainfall well.     

The effect of rainfall measurement uncertainties on rainfall-runoff processes modelling.

Rainfall data are a crucial input for various tasks concerning the wet weather period. Nevertheless, their measurement is affected by random and systematic errors that cause an underestimation of the rainfall volume. Therefore, the general objective of the presented work was to assess the credibility of measured rainfall data and to evaluate the effect of measurement errors on urban drainage modelling tasks. Within the project, the methodology of the tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR) was defined and assessed in terms of uncertainty analysis. A set of 18 TBRs was calibrated and the results were compared to the previous calibration. This enables us to evaluate the ageing of TBRs. A propagation of calibration and other systematic errors through the rainfall-runoff model was performed on experimental catchment. It was found that the TBR calibration is important mainly for tasks connected with the assessment of peak values and high flow durations. The omission of calibration leads to up to 30% underestimation and the effect of other systematic errors can add a further 15%. The TBR calibration should be done every two years in order to catch up the ageing of TBR mechanics. Further, the authors recommend to adjust the dynamic test duration proportionally to generated rainfall intensity.     

旧州水文站自动测报与人工观测降水量对比分析

介绍了翻斗式雨量计和普通式雨量计使用原理,主要就自动测报系统降水量与人工观测降水量进行对比分析,从仪器本身误差、人为误差、安装位置等不同方面对降水存在的误差进行分析,以利于更好发挥系统作用。     

SL1型翻斗式遥测雨量计的维修和养护

仪器缺少维修及养护直接影响测报工作的完成，以 Ｓ Ｌ１ 型翻斗式遥测雨量计为例，从仪器的结构原理出发，介绍仪器的维修和养护方法，并简单论述仪器维护的重要性，提出一些搞好仪器维护的建议。     

JDZ05-1型雨量数据采集器在降雨观测中的应用

简要介绍JDZ05-1型雨量数据采集器的工作性能,对JDZ05-1型雨量数据采集器与20 cm口径的(普通雨量器和自记雨量计)对比观测的雨量资料进行了回归分析,得出了各雨量站JDZ05-1型雨量数据采集器与普通雨量器、自记雨量计收集的雨量资料之间的相关性,从而揭示相关性的换算变化规律。     

基于?JDZ?系列雨量计设计的雨雪量计

根据国内环境,在现有的 JDZ 系列雨量计基础上,设计一款融雪型雨雪量计.详细介绍该仪器的工作原理、技术指标、硬件和软件设计.此雨雪量计具有结构简单、可靠性高、安装调试简便、使用方便、无需人员干预和数据准确等特点,在黄河上游高寒地区水文站点投入使用,从使用结果分析得出其测量精度与融雪时间满足规范要求,在水文测报建设项目中发挥了重要作用,应大力推广使用.