基于深度卷积神经网络的塑料垃圾分类研究

针对塑料垃圾识别分类问题,设计标准卷积层、残差卷积层1和残差卷积层2。通过实验仿真验证各卷积层的优势,将其应用于塑料垃圾分类模型的不同部位中。实验表明,塑料垃圾分类模型的分类准确率高于传统的HOG、LBP分类模型约2%～3%,可为塑料垃圾分类工作提供一定的参考。     

德国将中国停止进口垃圾视为自身发展机遇

正德国再生材料和垃圾处理联合会主席托马斯·普勒布斯特14日在慕尼黑对德新社表示,中国停止进口垃圾给德国垃圾回收产业带来机遇。我国从今年开始全面禁止进口废塑料等24类固体废物。普勒布斯特说,塑料垃圾出口受阻其实是好事,可以倒逼德国在本土建立更多塑料垃圾分类和回收再利用设施。普勒布斯特预计德国利用塑料垃圾生产的再生材料会大有市场。普勒布斯特呼吁德国政府在使用再生塑料产品方     

乌鲁木齐市塑料垃圾年产量预测及影响因素分析

基于2008-2019年来乌鲁木齐市塑料垃圾在生活垃圾中的占比、生活垃圾清运量以及社会经济发展的相关数据,运用线性回归方程模型、ARIMA模型和灰色预测模型对乌鲁木齐市的塑料垃圾年产量进行预测,再用灰色关联度模型确定出主要的影响因素。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市塑料垃圾年产量呈线性增长趋势,由2008年的4.75×10⁴ t增长到2018年的35.14×10⁴ t;从单因素来看人均可支配收入对塑料垃圾产量的影响最大,总体来看城市人口对塑料垃圾产量影响最大,而环境建设水平则最小;通过对比,ARIMA模型是预测乌鲁木齐市塑料垃圾年产量的最优模型;预测结果表明预计到2025年、2035年和2050年乌鲁木齐市塑料垃圾年产量将分别达到54.4×10⁴、82.63×10⁴、124.91×10⁴ t。     

国际视野下我国城市生活垃圾分类回收管理对策研究

"生活垃圾分类回收"是当前社会关注的热点,也是我国城市发展面临的严峻问题.研究生活垃圾分类回收体系及管理对策,对于安全、科学、便捷、智能化地回收城市生活垃圾,提升环卫系统服务职能,促进城市生态化发展具有重要意义.以城市垃圾分类回收意义为出发点,参照日本、德国和瑞士等国垃圾分类回收体系经验,从加强宣传教育、完善法律体系和...     

高校垃圾分类回收处理探析——以重庆能源职业学院为例

以重庆能源职业学院为例,采用实地调研和问卷调查方法,通过考察校园垃圾的分类回收、处理现状和调查大学生对校园垃圾源头分类回收实践情况,总结校园垃圾分类回收存在的问题。结果表明,校园垃圾的混合回收和集中处理不仅造成了的可回收资源的浪费,同时加大了环境污染。虽然绝大多数大学生认为应该分类回收,但他们缺乏垃圾分类回收的实际行动。针对校园垃圾分类回收处理提出了相关建议,实现校园垃圾资源化、校园环境绿色化。     

塑料制品生产走向"自力更生"

全面禁止废塑料进口垃圾分类全覆盖日前,国家发展改革委、生态环境部发布了新版“限塑令”——《关于进一步加强塑料污染治理的意见》,全面禁止废塑料进口。与此同时,随着国内垃圾分类政策的实施,国内塑料生产强调“自力更生”,在可回收废物中分拣的废塑料回收比率料将上升,将在一定程度上填补国外废塑料进口缺口。业内人士分析认为,这一张一弛,或对我国环境保护、促进废塑料行业持续健康发展起到推动作用。     

英国的塑料回收再利用

塑料工业的发展中,不可避免要面对塑料垃圾的处理问题。英国处理塑料废弃物的方法有三种:一种是回收循环再利用,二是焚化回收热能量,三是无法回收利用的塑料垃圾则作填埋处理。     

融合线性和非线性残差的一次性垃圾分类模型

为应对一次性塑料垃圾难检测的问题,应用卷积神经网络提出一次性塑料垃圾分类模型。该模型在预处理阶段模拟手工提取方式捕获线性和非线性残差信息,在残差特征学习阶段通过卷积神经网络融合线性和非线性残差特征。仿真结果表明:线性和非线性残差特征具备较优的分类能力,深层次网络有利于融合各类残差且学习捕获高级语义特征信息,本模型的检测分类准确率为75.84%,优于传统HOG模型约8%。     

一种以废旧塑料、塑料垃圾为原料生产塑料木的设备

本发明公开了一种以废旧塑料、塑料垃圾为原料生产塑料木的设备,包括送料系统、加热挤出系统、循环水冷系统和热能回收原料预热系统;送料系统将原料送到加热挤出系统;加热挤出系统将原料融化后挤出并送入成型模具;循环水冷系统将挤出模具的产品冷却固化成型;热能回收原料预热系统将从加热挤出系统和循     

GRBD利用城市生活垃圾制生态有机肥

GRBD（Great Resource，Best Development）是一种城市生活垃圾分类处理生态实时降解技术，能把各种生活垃圾自动分离，而后将垃圾分别处理为有机肥料、塑料颗粒、燃料油、环保砖等。GRBD拥有全封闭、机械化垃圾分选、有机物高温高压水解水热氧化、制肥、不可回收可燃物焚烧余热利用、无机物制建材、塑料制粒、炼油等10个操作系统。     

低碳经济背景下塑料包装的逆向物流回收体系研究

随着低碳经济理念的提出和发展,塑料包装废弃物的回收处理问题逐渐成为人们讨论的热点话题。为解决塑料包装回收问题,垃圾回收站、包装生产商和快递企业等分别作为主导建立了符合低碳经济发展理念的逆向物流回收体系。但目前塑料包装的逆向物流回收体系仍旧存在诸多问题,需要政府、企业、消费者多方合作,不断完善塑料包装逆向物流回收体系,提升塑料包装回收利用的有效性,为低碳经济的发展和健康运行提供支撑。     

垃圾分选系统及其在中转站中的应用

垃圾分选系统纳入中转站的总体设计,将其分选设备分成破碎、筛分和传送等几部分。垃圾分选系统设置需要解决的工艺问题主要包括：（1）垃圾机械分选与垃圾破碎分选：（2）纸张、金属、塑料等可回收废品的分选装要。     

碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展

人类生产生活对塑料制品日益增长的需求使得塑料废弃物迅速增加,由此引起的环境问题和社会问题亟待解决。本文综述了碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展,从废塑料裂解催化剂、废塑料裂解反应器、废塑料与其他固废共裂解三个方面对废塑料裂解技术进展进行总结,归纳了国内外塑料回收企业和石油石化企业在废塑料裂解回收方面的进展,分为裂解法制油和裂解法制化学品两个方面。阐明了废塑料回收在节约能源、碳减排和经济性方面的意义,指出国内废塑料裂解法回收存在法规缺失、废塑料分类不清晰、产业链条不完善、相关学术研究不深入等问题,提出国内石油石化企业应从全生命周期角度出发对废塑料进行裂解法回收处理,结合上下游产业链,分阶段实施废塑料裂解产油品路线和产化学品路线。     

Current approaches to waste polymer utilization and minimization: a review

The mass production of polymer products, in particular plastics, and their widespread use depending on the inherent advantages they have, make these materials ironically a threat to life on Earth. Polymer recycling is being considered as one of the most widely accepted remedies to the threat of growing amounts of plastic waste by both the public and scientists. In practice, recycling is associated with many difficulties, such as problems related to separation, sorting and cleaning operations, lack of fiscal subsidies, instability of selective garbage separation programs, high transport and electricity costs, etc. Still, a large section of society and the authorities agree on the necessity and importance of recycling to protect the environment, and natural habitats and resources for future generations in a balanced manner to conserve raw materials, and to reduce energy consumption, municipal solid waste production and greenhouse gas emission. The recycling effort is almost endless in itself and includes a variety of approaches such as refurbishing, mechanically reshaping, chemically treating, thermally utilizing, etc. Some novel approaches such as application in carbon capture or synthesis of carbon nanostructures from the plastic waste are among the new process technologies of recycling. From traditional and promising polymer waste utilization approaches, this review will highlight sustainable methods to reduce impacts of plastic waste on the environment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

纸塑复合包装材料中化学物迁移的改进预测模型及其通用性

以真实纸塑包装-化学物-食品体系为依据,基于一维Fick扩散理论,考虑化学物在纸和塑料涂层内具有不同的扩散系数及纸的厚度为有限厚,引入纸和塑料涂层界面处的分配系数,给出初始条件和边界条件,建立迁移预测模型,得到解析解。同时,对模型进行简化处理,分析其用于双层同种塑料-化学物-食品体系的使用通用性,并与Laoubi-Vergnaud模型进行对比分析,结果发现所建模型不仅可用于纸塑复合包装材料中化学物的迁移预测,同时还可用于双层同种塑料包装材料中化学物的迁移预测。     

A Controllable,Photodegradable Polyethylene Film for Agriculture

Abstract

The tremendous expansion in the use of plastics as a packaging material in the 1960s, brought with it problems of garbage disposal and littering. The growing concern and awareness of pollution and other aspects of ecology, led plastics technologists and scientific workers to inquire into the possibilities of accelerated destruction of plastic waste. This was in contrast to previous industrial endeavours to prolong the service life of its products. Less than a decade later, it seems clear that, rather than cause the degradation and subsequent disintegration of the plastic materials, it is obligatory to conserve the material resources by recycling, regenerating or by reconstitution. Moreover, the thermal energy that can be recovered from plastics by burning is a considerable asset. Even if this were not so, it is a debatable point if induced accelerated degradability would be commercially attractive except for specific applications such as the one discussed here.     

Basic study on separate charge of coal and waste plastics in coke oven chamber

Nippon Steel Corporation started to operate a waste plastic recycling process using coke ovens at Nagoya and Kimitsu Works in 2000 and at Yawata and Muroran Works in 2002. Now the total capacity is 120,000 tons per year and the recycling process is operating smoothly. In this process, coals and added plastics are carbonized and changed into coke, tar, oil and coke oven gas in a coke oven chamber. At present, upper limit of the addition rate of waste plastics to blended coals is 1% so that the plastic addition does not affect coke strength. However, the amount of waste plastics in Japan is as much as about 10 million tons per year and there is a real need for increasing the amount of waste plastics treated by the waste plastic recycling process using coke ovens. We investigated a method of increasing the addition rate of waste plastics without affecting coke strength by charging coal and plastic separately in a coke oven chamber. In the case of the same plastic addition rate, charging the plastic in the bottom or the top part of the coke oven chamber can decrease the deterioration of coke strength compared with charging a homogeneous mixture of coal and plastic. Charging the plastic in the bottom decreases the coke strength to a greater extent than charging the plastic in the top. This is because the decomposition of the plastic charged in the bottom decreases the bulk density of the upper coal layer. The results suggest that charging the coal and waste plastics separately increases the amount of waste plastics treated in the waste plastic recycling process using coke ovens. In order to commercialize this method, further studies are necessary concerning the charging method, device and the effect of this method on the coke oven operation.     

塑料的生命周期评价（LCA）

塑料的回收利用是近些年来再生资源研究的一个非常重要的方向。废旧塑料,尤其是消费后的废旧塑料是回收利用的重点。本文从回收方法和途径阐述了有关废旧塑料各类最新的塑料循环周期模型,进而说明积极的研究废旧塑料循环利用的新方法、新工艺具有十分重要的意义。     

黑河市生活垃圾收集点分布及公众意识调查

调查了黑河市垃圾分类收集情况及主城区居民的垃圾分类收集意识调查。调查结果表明,分类收集垃圾桶占总垃圾桶数量的45.5%,生活垃圾的分类收集需要广泛的宣传,并指导居民进行分类收集垃圾,且目前垃圾分类收集不应收费,在相关配套措施得到了改善后,垃圾分类收集的费用应当按照质量收取。     

Conceptual compatibility of recycle bin color: From a cross-cultural perspective

Increased waste production is a by-product of economic growth, and that is why countries worldwide are working on turning waste into useful resources and enhancing recycling effectiveness. Aside from using symbols and words for identifying which recycle bins for which types of recyclable materials, color is also a useful code and visual element in recycle bin design. This study conducted questionnaire survey (n = 418) among participants from Taiwan and from East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) to explore the current condition of resource recycling and determine the best color-material pairings. This study's result suggests that the most frequently recycled material by participants from Taiwan and from EAP were paper and plastic. The study participants sorted and recycled materials as frequently as five to six days a week. From analyzing the pairings of four colors (red, green, blue, and yellow) with four recyclable materials (paper, glass, plastic, and metal), differences were found between participants from Taiwan and those from EAP. Because resource classification and color coding are different from country to country, this study found that color provides limited information of recycle bins.