平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞治疗肝血管瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞治疗肝血管瘤的临床疗效。方法对86例肝血管瘤患者行栓塞治疗,行股动脉穿刺,超选择性插管肝血管瘤供血动脉,注入平阳霉素碘油乳剂。结果所有患者在术后3、6和12个月复查CT,见瘤体内碘油沉积良好,瘤体明显缩小,碘油聚集征象明确。83例患者瘤体缩小约80.0%～90.0%,另3例患者瘤体缩小约40.0%～50.0%。86例患者的临床症状完全缓解率为100%。术后均未出现胆囊坏死、肝脓肿、肝坏死等严重并发症。结论平阳霉素碘油乳剂经肝动脉栓塞治疗肝血管瘤疗效肯定,并发症少,成功率高,是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

Fe3O4微粒碘油平阳霉素乳剂介入栓塞治疗海绵状肝血管瘤的疗效观察

目的 探讨Fe3O4微粒碘油平阳霉素乳剂介入肝动脉栓塞术治疗的海绵状肝血管瘤的疗效.方法 随访观察3年来在我院行Fe3O4微粒碘油平阳霉素乳剂介入肝动脉栓塞术治疗海绵状肝血管瘤的患者61例,对海绵状肝血管瘤患者介入栓塞术成功率、治疗前后CT复查的瘤体大小的变化、术后并发症、肝功能等进行统计分析.结果 本组患者的介入栓塞术成功率为100%,病灶随术后时间的增加呈进行性缩小.木组研究患者(n=61),术前瘤体直径(8.47±2.27)cm,术后3个月时瘤体直径(5.75±1.40)cm,术后6个月时瘤体直径(3.51±0.82)cm,3个时期瘤体直径大小差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗对肝功能无影响,除部分患者出现术后低热和肝区疼痛外,无严重并发症.结论 Fe3O4微粒碘油平阳霉素乳剂介入栓塞治疗海绵状肝血管瘤是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗方法.     

选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗肝海绵状血管瘤

目的 研究使用平阳霉素碘油乳剂经导管超选择插入肝动脉栓塞治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的方法和效果。方法 对32例肝海绵状血管瘤进行平阳霉素碘油乳剂经肝动脉栓塞治疗，将导管超选择插入肝血管瘤的供血动脉，以平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞。男14例,女18例，年龄28～62岁,平均44岁，术前均经US、CT、DSA检查确诊。结果 所有病例均成功实施了栓塞治疗;32 例中有30例分别于术后1 ～24个月进行CT或B超随访;瘤体缩小〉50%者25例,〉 30%者5例，其中B超随访肿瘤完全消失1例;1例患者肿瘤缩小不明显.30例临床有症状患者中,临床症状消失28例，明显减轻1例，总有效率96.7 %（29/30）。术中及术后无严重并发症。结论 平阳霉素碘油乳剂经肝动栓塞是治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的安全、有效的首选方法。     

选择性肝动脉栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤的疗效观察

目的探讨选择性肝动脉栓塞术在肝血管瘤患者中的应用情况。方法选择2011年3月至2013年2月间诊治的32例肝血管瘤患者作为研究对象,均采用选择性肝动脉栓塞术治疗,平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞瘤体,明胶海绵栓塞供血动脉,随访12个月,观察患者的临床治疗效果。结果选择性肝动脉栓塞术操作成功率为100.0%,且术后无严重并发症发生。随访6个月时,患者的治疗有效率为93.8%,血管瘤直径由术前的(9.2±1.9)cm缩小至(6.9±1.7)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);生活质量评分也明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访12个月时,患者的治疗有效率为96.9%;血管瘤直径缩小至(3.2±1.0)cm,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);生活质量评分进一步明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论选择性肝动脉栓塞术在肝血管瘤患者中的应用效果满意且安全性好,能够明显缩小血管瘤,提高患者的生活质量。     

肝动脉栓塞、硬化治疗肝血管瘤

目的评价肝动脉栓塞,硬化治疗肝血管瘤的临床价值.方法采用Seldinger法行选择性肝动脉栓塞,硬化技术治疗肝血管瘤,其配伍方案:平阳霉素+超液化碘油+鱼肝油酸钠,随访1～7年.结果应用该方法治疗肝血管瘤患者22例,所有瘤灶均明显缩小及纤维化.结论从本组结果显示选择性肝动脉栓塞、硬化技术是肝血管瘤,尤其是多发性或巨大肝血管瘤的理想治疗方法.     

超选择性肝动脉插管治疗巨大型肝血管瘤

 目的 超选择性肝动脉插管技术,化疗及栓塞联合治疗巨大型肝血管瘤的疗效观察.方法 采用Seldinger经皮股动脉穿刺插管法,在引导导丝的导向下,导管超选择至2～3级肝动脉内,超选困难者,采用SP超微同轴导管,直到最接近肿瘤的主供血动脉;灌注平阳霉素8～16 mg,缓慢推注鱼肝油酸钠与超液状碘油混合硬化栓塞剂.结果 本组对11例巨大型肝血管瘤治疗后临床症状消失,有效率100%,治疗后肿瘤内皮细胞变性、萎缩、退化,微血管损害破坏,纤维化,复查B超及CT肿瘤平均缩小5.15 cm×8.95 cm,术后随访16个月以上均健在,未见肿瘤复发.结论 超选择性肝动脉插管治疗巨大型肝血管瘤操作简便,损伤性小,是安全有效的方法.     

肝血管瘤供血动脉栓塞疗效评价

目的 探讨应用超选择性供血动脉栓塞治疗肝血管瘤的疗效。方法 采用Seldinger改良法经皮穿刺股动脉插管，在DSA引导下将导管超选择性插至最接近肝血管瘤的供血动脉，应用平阳霉素和超液态碘化油及明胶海绵为栓塞剂，栓塞治疗巨大型肝血管瘤7例。结果 7例肝血管瘤供血动脉栓塞均获成功，达到瘤内碘油聚集，瘤体血供截流的理想栓塞效果。无明显不良反应，未出现严重并发症。栓塞治疗后临床症状得到缓解，随访复查瘤体逐渐缩小，未见肿瘤复发。结论 采用供血动脉栓塞治疗肝血管瘤是一简便、安全、有效的方法，适应症广，应成为首选治疗方案。     

肝血管瘤介入性栓塞的治疗

目的寻求非手术治疗肿瘤的方法.方法对68例肝血管瘤施肝动脉插管,选择性肝血管瘤供血动脉内灌注盐酸平阳霉素与超液化碘油的乳化剂及SAP永久性栓塞物质进行栓塞.结果全部病例肝血管瘤病灶均有40%～70%不同程度的缩小.临床上无明显不良反应.结论介入性栓塞治疗肝血管瘤安全、可靠、并发症少,应该成为治疗肝血管瘤的首选方案.     

肝巨大海绵状血管瘤的介入栓塞治疗

 目的　探讨肝脏巨大海绵状血管瘤 (HHCH)的介入治疗与疗效。方法　经导管注入超液化碘油和平阳霉素 (PYM )混合乳剂 ,再用明胶海绵颗粒适量栓塞肿瘤周围小血管治疗肝巨大海绵状血管瘤 12例。结果　所有病例术前肝动脉造影显示“枝上挂果、早出晚归”的异常血管湖样改变 ;术后肿瘤均有缩小 ,其中 10例明显缩小 ,异常血管湖消失。结论　采用超液化碘油和PYM混合剂加适量明胶海绵颗粒联合栓塞是治疗肝巨大海绵状血管瘤较为理想的方法     

碘油乳剂经动脉栓塞治疗16例肝海绵状血管瘤

目的：探讨碘油乳剂经动脉内栓塞治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的临床应用。方法：16例肝海绵状血管瘤患者用动脉栓塞治疗。结果：所有病例均栓塞成功，14例患者栓塞后碘油沉积良好。治疗后14例取得最佳疗效。全部病例临床症状消失，瘤体平均缩小50％，且未见胆囊坏死等并发症。结论：磺油乳剂动脉栓塞治疗肝海绵状血管瘤是安全、简便、并发症少且十分有效的治疗方法。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.