剥离型(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备

研究了制备剥离型(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物(SMAH)蒙/脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料的方法。研究表明,通过原位插层及熔融插层只能制备出插层型的SMAH/MMT纳米复合材料。为了制备剥离型的SMAH/MMT纳米复合材料,先将尼龙6(PA6)与MMT熔融插层制备出PA6/MMT纳米复合材料,再用抽提的方法将PA6/MMT复合材料中的部分PA6除去,得到含有少量PA6的剥离型MMT,然后将剥离型MMT与SMAH共混,从而制备出剥离型的SMAH/MMT纳米复合材料。该复合材料的粘度低于SMAH,且具有较好的加工性能。     

DDS固化EP/MMT纳米复合材料性能研究

以4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)为固化剂,制备出一种剥离型MMT/EP(蒙脱土/环氧树脂)纳米复合材料。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法、X射线衍射(XRD)法和动态力学分析(DMA)法等对复合材料的微观结构、插层剥离行为、热性能和力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明:MMT对EP分子结构无影响,有利于EP结构和性能的设计,也便于确定其固化工艺。在无促进剂的情况下,当体系中引入5%MMT(相对于EP质量而言)时,复合材料的干态热变形温度、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了39℃、21℃、27.30%和10.50%;适量的MMT能有效提高纳米复合材料的耐湿热性能。     

纳米MMT对APP/MCA复合阻燃EP性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪研究了纳米蒙脱土(MMT)和EP/纳米MMT复合材料中纳米MMT的层间距变化。结果表明,纳米MMT与EP/纳米MMT复合材料中纳米MMT的层间距相差不大,说明纳米MMT在EP中只是物理混合,没有发生插层反应。研究了纳米MMT用量对EP/纳米MMT以及EP/聚磷酸铵(APP)/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,纳米MMT的加入不能提高EP/纳米MMT的极限氧指数(LOI),可以提高EP/纳米MMT复合材料的拉伸强度。纳米MMT与APP和MCA复配作为复合阻燃剂,可以产生明显的阻燃协同效应,当APP和MCA质量比为3∶1,纳米MMT在复合阻燃剂中的质量分数为20%且复合阻燃剂在复合材料中的质量分数为20%时,EP/APP/MCA/纳米MMT复合材料的综合性能最佳,LOI为29.6%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V–0级,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为45.9 MPa和8.6 kJ/m2。     

蒙脱土改性环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

以蒙脱土(MMT)作为EP(环氧树脂)的改性剂制备EP/MMT纳米复合材料。考察了MMT含量对EP/MMT体系的凝胶时间、黏度和力学性能等影响。结果表明:MMT的加入明显缩短了EP体系的凝胶时间,并显著缩短了EP体系达到高黏度的时间;当w(MMT)=4%时,EP/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能相对最好,其浇铸体的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为85 MPa、140 MPa和35 kJ/m2,其复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为160 MPa和200 MPa。     

原位插层法制备SMA/MMT纳米复合材料

采用原位聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯马来酸酐无规共聚物（SMA）/蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料,研究了MMT的用量对插层效果的影响.研究表明,采用原位聚合的方法可制得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料,随着MMT用量的增加,SMA/MMT纳米复合材料逐渐由插层型过渡到部分剥离.并且将原位聚合所得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料再次进行熔融插层后,可得到剥离效果更为明显的纳米复合材料.制得的SMA/MMT纳米复合材料具有较好的加工性能.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构及物理性能研究

采用化学反应法制备了Ziegler-Natta/有机改性蒙脱土复合催化剂,并通过丙烯单体原位插层聚合法制备出聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观结构、热性能以及加工稳定性等。结果表明,原位聚合法制备的复合材料为剥离型纳米复合材料,其中MMT片层以纳米尺寸均匀分散在PP基体中,MMT平均厚度小于10nm;随MMT含量的提高,复合材料的热稳定性提高;原位聚合制备的PP/MMT纳米复合材料在长时间剪切过程中部分MMT会发生自聚集,控制剪切时间可以有效防止MMT的自聚集;原位聚合制备的PP/MMT复合材料(粉料)中,PP以α晶型为主,纳米MMT的引入并不会诱导生成聚丙烯β晶型,复合材料中β晶型的出现与退火条件有关。     

聚乙烯/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的非等温结晶行为

原位聚合法制备了不同蒙脱土含量的聚乙烯(PE)/纳米蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料.用透射电镜分析了MMT在PE基体中的分散情况,结果表明:随着MMT含量的增加,复合材料的结构从剥离型转变为剥离型和插层型混合结构.用DSC分析了PE/纳米MMT复合材料的非等温结晶行为,结果表明:复合材料的非等温结晶行为符合Avramin方程,随着MMT含量的增加,Avramin方程指数(n)减小,结晶时间(t1/2)增加.     

原位聚合法制备聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯／蒙脱土复合材料及其表征

采用原位聚合法制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)像脱土(MMT)复合材料。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜扫描结果表明所得复合材料为剥离型或部分剥离型结构。与纯PTT、相比，由于MMT、在PTT基体中达到纳米尺寸分散，PTT／MMT复合材料的热稳定性能、结晶性能和拉伸性能都得到了明显提高。     

水性聚氨酯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述水性聚氧酯-蒙脱土（WPU—MMT）纳米复合材料的国内外研究进展，重点阐述其制备方法和力学性能的研究．同时介绍其表征手段与其他性能。WPU—MMT纳米复合材料的研究目前仍处在实验阶段，需重点解决完全剥离MMT复合材料的制备问题，研究改性方法与复合物性能之间的关系、MMT粒子与聚氨酯分子闽的作用机理，开发复合材料的新性能以及工业化生产、应用是主要发展方向。     

聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

用甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid,MAA)在钠基蒙脱土(montmorillonite,MMT)层间直接原位插层聚合制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(polymethacrylic acid/montmorillonite,PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料.以蒙脱土的层间距、插层进入蒙脱土层间的聚合物含量及应用于皮革鞣制的实验结果为考察指标,对制备过程中的引发剂用量及蒙脱土用量进行了单因素实验研究.结果表明:所制备的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料,应用于皮革鞣制所得坯革的增厚率及湿热稳定性均有较大提高.     

Thermal–oxidative degradation and accelerated aging behavior of polyamide 6/epoxy resin‐modified montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites based on epoxy resin‐modified montmorillonite (EP‐MMT) were prepared by melt processing using a typical twin‐screw extruder. X‐ray diffraction combined with transmission electron microscopy was applied to elucidate the structure and morphology of PA6/EP‐MMT nanocomposites, suggesting a nearly exfoliated structure in the nanocomposite with 2 wt % EP‐MMT (PA6/2EP‐MMT) and a partial exfoliated‐partial intercalated structure in PA6/4 wt %EP‐MMT nanocomposite (PA6/4EP‐MMT). The thermogravimetric analysis under air atmosphere was conducted to characterize the thermal–oxidative degradation behavior of the material, and the result indicated that the presence of EP‐MMT could inhibit the thermal‐oxidative degradation of PA6 effectively. Accelerated heat aging in an air circulating oven at 150°C was applied to assess the thermal–oxidative stability of PA6 nanocomposites through investigation of reduced viscosity, tensile properties, and chemical structure at various time intervals. The results indicated that the incorporation of EP‐MMT effectively enhanced the thermal–oxidative stability of PA6, resulting in the high retention of reduced viscosity and tensile strength, and the low ratio of terminal carboxyl group to amino group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40825.     

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposite

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene (POM), polyoxymethylene/Na–montmorillonite (POM/Na–MMT), and polyoxymethylene/organic–montmorillonite (POM/organ–MMT) nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry at various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the nonisothermal crystallization process of POM/Na–MMT and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposites. The difference in the values of the exponent n between POM and POM/montmorillonite nanocomposites suggests that the nonisothermal crystallization of POM/Na–MMT and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposites corresponds to a tridimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The values of half‐time and the parameter Z_c, which characterizes the kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization, show that the crystallization rate of either POM/Na–MMT or POM/organ–MMT nanocomposite is faster than that of virgin POM at a given cooling rate. The activation energies were evaluated by the Kissinger method and were 387.0, 330.3, and 328.6 kJ/mol for the nonisothermal crystallization of POM, POM/Na–MMT nanocomposite, and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposite, respectively. POM/montmorillonite nanocomposite can be as easily fabricated as the original polyoxymethylene, considering that the addition of montmorillonite, either Na–montmorillonite or organ–montmorillonite, may accelerate the overall nonisothermal crystallization process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2281–2289, 2001     

PET/MMT纳米复合材料的制备

采用烷基季铵盐对蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理,采用插层聚合法制备PET/MMT纳米复合材料。探讨了不同的MMT来源、添加量及聚合条件对PET/MMT纳米复合材料耐热性能的影响。结果表明: MMT的添加质量分数为2.5%,缩聚反应终温250℃时,PET/MMT纳米复合材料具有较好的综合性能。     

Effect of silane functionalization of montmorillonite on epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposite

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of various montmorillonite (MMT)/epoxy nanocomposites were investigated. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized MMT was compared with commercial pristine MMT and ammonium salt substituted MMT. Qualitative evidence of silane functionalization was confirmed by FT-IR. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the degree of intercalation of MMT in epoxy nanocomposite. Tensile stress and elongation of MMT/epoxy nanocomposite were improved significantly by the silane functionalization of MMT. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that silane functionalization of MMT resulted in active interactions between MMT and epoxy.     

Effect of polypyrrole–montmorillonite nanocomposites powder addition on corrosion performance of epoxy coatings on Al 5000

The synthesis of hybrid polypyrrole–montmorillonite (Ppy–MMT) nanocomposites and their effects on the improvement of the protection efficiency of the epoxy coatings on aluminum corrosion were studied. In order to understand the effect of MMT and Ppy on the corrosion inhibition performance of the epoxy coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution, the epoxy (E), epoxy blend with MMT (EM) and polypyrrole (EP) coatings were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that EM and EP systems could not provide a good corrosion protection for long-time applications. The results showed that the incorporation of Ppy–MMT nanocomposites inside the epoxy notably increases the resistance of the coating in comparison to the other coatings for long-time period. These phenomena can be attributed to specific morphology of the nanocomposite. The structure and morphology of nanocomposites were studied by FT-IR and XRD techniques, as well as, scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Effect of clay modification on the morphological,mechanical, and thermal properties of polyamide 6/polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP = 70/30 parts) blends containing 4 phr (parts per hundred resin) of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt compounding. The sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) was modified using three different types of alkyl ammonium salts, namely dodecylamine, 12‐aminolauric acid, and stearylamine. The effect of clay modification on the morphological and mechanical properties of PA6/PP nanocomposites was investigated using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The thermal properties of PA6/PP nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and heat distortion temperature (HDT). XRD and TEM results indicated the formation of exfoliated structure for the PA6/PP nanocomposites prepared using stearylamine modified montmorillonite. On the other hand, a mixture of intercalated and exfoliated structures was found for the PA6/PP nanocomposites prepared using 12‐aminolauric acid and dodecylamine modified montmorillonite. Incorporation of OMMT increased the stiffness but decreased the ductility and toughness of PA6/PP blend. The PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite showed the highest tensile, flexural, and thermal properties among all nanocomposites. This could be attributed to better exfoliated structure in the PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite. The storage modulus and HDT of PA6/PP blend were increased significantly with the incorporation of both Na‐MMT and OMMT. The highest value in both storage modulus and HDT was found in the PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite due to its better exfoliated structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1156–1167, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

EP树脂/Mt纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

以双酚Ａ型环氧（ＥＰ０树脂为基体,有机胺处理蒙脱土（Ｍｔ）为增强剂,制备了ＥＰ树脂／Ｍｔ纳米复合材料。通过热重分析、Ｘ射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等方法对纳米复合材料的制备条件进行了优化,对聚合物基纳米复合材料的结构、力学性能、热性能进行了表征。     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅱ.复合材料的性能

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．研究了材料的力学性能。纳米结构的形成对复合材料的性能产生显著影响,少量蒙脱士的引入可以明显改善SBS／蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能。无论溶液插层法制备的星型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,还是熔融插层法制备的线型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都同时增加。其中,溶液插层法制备的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了75％和55％;熔融法制备的纳米复合材料的托伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了70％和18％。     

Effect of hybrid reinforcement based on precipitated silica and montmorillonite nanofillers on the mechanical properties of a silicone rubber

Silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites containing precipitated silica (PS), montmorillonite (MMT), and PS/MMT hybrid fillers were prepared through melt‐mixing technique. In the SR/PS/MMT nanocomposite, the hybrid filler weight ratio was increased progressively from 0.4 to 1.7 while keeping the MMT weight constant. The viscosity, cure characteristics, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were subsequently measured. The optimum cure time increased, and the scorch time and rate of cure decreased. Furthermore, when the hybrid filler weight ratio was raised to its optimum, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, modulus at 100 and 300% elongation (M100 and M300), elongation at break, stored energy density at break, and hardness of the nanocomposite improved. The stress–strain properties of the nanocomposite with the hybrid filler improved at high deformation in comparison with those containing the PS and MMT fillers. The MMT filler exfoliated in the SR/MMT nanocomposite but did not in the nanocomposites containing the hybrid filler. Notably, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite benefitted from the hybrid filler. This was due to the filler–filler and filler–rubber network formation in the rubber by the PS particles. Finally, effect of the PS, MMT, and hybrid fillers on the energy loss or hysteresis of the rubber was measured. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1909–1921, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的结构与性能

通过溶液插层 流延成膜法,以聚乙烯醇和钠质蒙脱石为原料,制备出了不同蒙脱石含量的聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合材料薄膜。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)和力学性能测试对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,聚乙烯醇分子成功进入蒙脱石的层间,实现了在纳米尺度上的复合;蒙脱石含量高于7 5wt%形成插层型的纳米复合材料,低于7 5wt%形成剥离型的纳米复合材料;在SEM图片上还观察到了纳米复合材料的微观结构。纳米复合材料的热稳定性、拉伸强度和直角撕裂强度均比纯聚乙烯醇有很大提高。