水泥混凝土路面常见病害浅析

针对水泥混凝土路面一些常见病害进行了分析,分别探讨了裂缝病害、变形病害、接缝病害和表面病害四类病害的表现形式及各自原因,以期指导实践。     

温室蔬菜细菌性病害的药剂选择

细菌性病害是危害蔬菜生产的一类重要病害,其危害程度仅次于蔬菜真菌性病害和蔬菜病毒病。温室蔬菜栽培是在相对密闭的环境下进行的,场所固定、轮作倒茬困难、空气湿度较大,容易发生和流行各种病害,严重影响温室蔬菜产量和效益。蔬菜细菌性病害其侵染病原为细菌,属传染性病害,在蔬菜病害中约占10%。本文通过针对某种蔬菜多发或主要病害,按照蔬菜病害的五个大类去识别、去选择药剂防治,在控制多发或主要病害的同时,兼治其它同类次要病害,从而使得蔬菜病害的药剂选择和防治变得相对简单、容易和实用。本文就温室蔬菜细菌性病害的症状、病原菌、主要病害及使用药剂等作一介绍。     

水泥混凝土路面的病害分析与处治对策

水泥混凝土路面的病害对于行车速度、安全及舒适性具有重要影响。本文对水泥混凝土路面的四大类:断裂类病害、竖向位移类病害、接缝类病害、表层类病害进行了分析,对各类病害的成因进行了阐述,而后提出了水泥混凝土路面病害的处治对策以及相应的预防建议。     

浅谈水泥混凝土路面的病害分析及处理措施

本文阐述了水泥混凝土路面的4大类病害:断裂类病害、竖向位移类病害、接缝类病害、表层类病害,对各类病害的类型及轻重程度分级进行了分析,而后探讨了水泥混凝土路面病害的处治对策,并提出了相应的预防建议。     

兰苑莳艺·国兰篇 兰花病害防治

病害的诊断 兰花的病害主要有三类：真菌性病害、细菌性病害和病毒病。一般已显症状的病毒病较好辨识，叶片呈失绿透明样，并有凹陷。真菌性病害和细菌性病害都可形成病斑、枯萎、腐烂等，但每一种病害发病部位，病斑的丈小、形状及色质、病程，以及危害程度都不一样，可以做出诊断。如有的病害无     

剖析公路路面的常见病害及处理措施

描述了公路路面常见的病害类型及特征,并分析了裂缝病害、车辙病害、变形类病害、松散类病害产生的原因,主要对各种病害的处理措施进行了研究,以提高公路路面的质量,保证行车的舒适度。     

高速公路沥青路面病害分析与处治对策

高速公路作为国家重要的基础设施,所承担的交通运输压力日益增大,但运营期间出现的路面病害和处理直接影响着公路的使用寿命和行车安全。基于此,论文对高速公路沥青路面的常见病害进行了分析,通过对病害种类、成因和处治对策的研究,提出了车辙病害、裂缝病害、坑槽病害及沉陷病害的具体处治措施。     

公路旧桥改造技术探讨

针对临清卫运河大桥各部位破坏的特点，介绍其存在的主工质量问题，提出了墩台和基础病害、预应力混凝土桥跨结构病害、桥面病害、伸缩缝病害、侧墙及翼墙病害等的维修加固方法。     

水泥混凝土路面的病害分析与处理对策

水泥混凝土路面的病害对于行车速度、安全及舒适性具有重要影响。本文中分析了水泥混凝土路面的四大类病害：断裂类病害、竖向位移类病害、接缝类病害、袭层类病害,对各类病害的类型及轻重程度分级进行了详细讨论,探讨了水泥混凝土路面病害的处治对策,并提出了相应的预防建议。     

浅析混凝土公路桥梁的常见病害

桥梁病害严重影响正常的公路交通运输,甚至于造成人员伤亡,桥梁病害越来越引起工程界的重视,通过浅析各类常见的几种桥梁病害,如裂缝、桥头跳车、钢筋腐蚀、桥面铺装和桥梁基础病害等的成因,为避免或减少桥梁病害和防治桥梁病害提供帮助。     

热网故障与提高热网可靠性的措施

归纳了热网常见的故障,将其分为管道故障和管路部件故障两大类.分析了故障成因,并从规划、设计、运行、管理等全方位提出了提高供热可靠性的措施.提供了减少热网故障和减少事故影响范围的对策,为建设高可靠性的供热系统提供了途径.     

Reviewing the past to learn in the future: making sense of design errors and failures in construction

Design errors can severely jeopardise safety and contribute to failures in construction and engineering projects. Such failures can have devastating economic, environmental and social consequences. Significant efforts have been made to reduce the incidence of failures through learning from previous disasters and events by modifying building and engineering codes and standards accordingly. Design errors, however, remain an innate feature of construction and engineering projects despite the considerable amount of knowledge that has been accumulated to date. Most errors are identified during construction and require rework, but there is always a potential for some to remain undetected and contribute to failure, and as a result potentially contribute to accidents and loss of life. An examination of the literature research suggests that a series of pathogenic influences contribute to errors and failure. Thus, this paper article examines the circumstances and issues that contributed to a series of construction and engineering failures to enable development of a learning framework that can be used to mitigate design errors and potential failures and accidents.     

Catastrophic landslides and debris flows in Thailand

Extremely intense rainfall of November 1988 in Southern Thailand triggered the worst natural disaster of the country. Widespread slope failures took place in the mountainous and hilly areas in the region that was previously considered to have low risk of landslides. Most slope failures occurred in the vicinity of the steep granitic Khao Luang Mountains where several villages along their rims were almost wiped out by catastrophic debris flows. This paper summarizes findings of a post-event study to determine the characteristics of the slope failures and their relation to geological setting, weathering characteristics, slope gradient, land use practice (vegetation cover) and rainfall intensity. Engineering characteristics of the weathered granite which was the predominant medium involved in the slope failures was also studied.     

Local Failures of Embankments During Earthquakes

Seismic damage to embankments has sometimes been found to take place at locally-limited spots even though the foundation conditions are almost the same along their axes. A few studies related to this kind of local failure have been conducted, however the reason why local failures of embankments take place is not known. This paper aims to study the influence of the three-dimensional response of embankments on their local failures. A series of shaking table tests were conducted. Test results revealed that local failures occurred despite the fact that the model base was shaken uniformly. It was also found that the interval of local failures depends on the frequency of input motion and the stiffness of the embankments. Thus, an equation to calculate the intervals of local failures was derived, and this was found to agree well with the seismic damage to the Kushiro River Dike.     

Modeling Lac du Bonnet granite using a discrete element model

A discrete element method code developed by the authors is used to model Lac du Bonnet granite in triaxial compression. The paper first presents the features of the model and the algorithms used to identify the micro deformability and strength parameters. With these identification algorithms, the model was calibrated to match experimental triaxial test data on Lac du Bonnet granite. With the calibrated model, investigation on failure evolution was then performed. The monitored evolution of the number and type of contact failures (micro cracks) reveals that at micro level tensile failures occur first, followed by mobilization of residual friction. Three distinct stages of stress–strain curve can be well identified by the accumulated number of contact failures and the mode of contact failures.     

中国小型水库溃坝规律与对策

根据1980～2006年期间溃坝的小型水库数据,从不同历史阶段、坝型、坝高、决口部位、溃坝原因、溃坝月份、溃坝所在地区等多方面进行分类统计,阐述了小型水库溃坝的成因与规律。目前,年溃坝座数和年溃坝率较低,研究认为通过完善的水库法规化、规范化管理,并结合病险水库除险加固工程建设,我国小型水库的安全管理水平得到较大提升。还从综合统计和典型案例中总结小型水库溃坝防治经验,针对不同原因引起的溃坝,如溢洪道过小及溢洪道堵塞、质量问题包括新老坝体结合处渗漏、管理不当等,初步探究了加强小型水库安全管理的对策措施。     

沥青路面常见破损原因分析和处治方法初探

根据沥青路面的破损类型，从设计、施工、养护和管理多方面分析了破损产生的原因，并介绍了有针对性的预防和改善措施，以减少沥青路面破损现象，提高公路养护质量。     

An early warning criterion for the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures in seasonally cold regions

In Hokkaido, Japan, soil slope failures occur frequently during the snow melting season. These slope failures are triggered by the excess amount of water derived from snowmelt and rainfall. For the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures in seasonally cold regions, an early warning criterion is required. The existing Japanese early warning criteria for sediment disasters, i.e., the relationship between the 60-min cumulative rainfall and the Soil Water Index (SWI), the effective rainfall index etc., consider the influence of rainfall and the time-dependent random moisture of the soil. However, these criteria do not consider the soil moisture contributed by the snowmelt water. In this study, therefore, the applicability of the existing early warning criteria to predict snowmelt-induced soil slope failures is examined. An empirical method to quantify the amount of snowmelt water is presented. Various scenarios of conceptual soil slope failures are studied using numerical simulations under different magnitudes of rainfall and snowmelt water. As a result, a revision is introduced for the SWI and the effective rainfall index, adding the amount of snowmelt water to that of rainfall, and slope failure scenarios are studied. Based on the results, a new early warning criterion, the Effective Precipitation (EP) index, is introduced. It is found that the new failure criterion performs well for the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures.     

干式储气罐活塞密封故障原因和防范措施

总结了稀油密封干式储气罐的常见故障,分析了密封机构故障的形成原因,提出了相应的解决方法。     

浅谈先张法预应力空心梁板施工质量通病的分析和防治

通过对先张法预应力空心梁板施工时容易忽视和发生的几个质量通病产生原因的分析，并结合工程实际和工作体会，粗略探讨了防治这些质量通病的一些措施和方法。