伺服约束控制中基于广义虚位移分解的约束违约抑制

基于Udwadia和Kalaba方程的伺服约束控制理论可以较好地应用在机械系统的轨迹跟踪控制中。在伺服约束控制中,对约束系统动力学模型的数值积分过程会产生对低阶约束的违约,同时还存在初始值不相容引起的控制偏差甚至系统不稳定问题。利用系统广义质量矩阵的乔利斯基分解,将描述系统的广义虚位移向量经过变换,在约束流形上分解为约束方向与约束允许方向,从而分离出速率约束及坐标约束违约部分,在此基础上推导出修正公式。以二自由度机械臂为仿真对象,在伺服约束轨迹控制中的应用进行了仿真研究。结果表明,基于虚位移分解的方法可以对伺服控制中的约束违约进行抑制,同时也可以解决系统初始条件不相容引起的问题。     

机械臂系统鲁棒控制轨迹跟踪

针对具有不确定性的机械臂系统的轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于Udwadia-Kalaba方程的鲁棒控制算法,可以在不引入拉格朗日乘子的情况下求解机械臂的关节约束力,该控制算法可抑制机械臂系统中不确定性的影响,并经过Lyapunov理论严格证明表明该控制算法能够保证系统的稳定性。为了验证该控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性,针对平面二自由度机械臂系统进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明：在轨迹约束初始条件不相容的情况下,该控制算法能够克服系统不确定性的影响,控制机械臂跟踪期望轨迹精确运动。     

基于MPC的智能车轨迹跟踪算法

针对前轮转向的智能汽车,设计了一种轨迹跟踪控制算法。基于车辆运动学模型,建立了车辆轨迹跟踪状态空间方程,采用模型预测控制算法,以考虑乘坐舒适性下动态跟踪偏差最小为控制目标,同时考虑车辆实际情况对模型添加了控制约束和状态约束,通过滚动优化和反馈校正实现了带约束的智能车轨迹跟踪的最优控制。为了验证该算法的性能,将该算法在常用于自动驾驶仿真的PreScan上进行了硬件在环仿真试验,并与LQR算法作比较。结果表明,该算法能有效适用于约束条件下的智能车轨迹跟踪控制。     

轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制研究

根据轮式移动机器人具有非完整约束特点,基于其运动学模型对机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题进行了研究。采用Lyapunov函数直接法的思想设计机器人轨迹跟踪控制算法,并且直观地分析了系统的全局渐进稳定性.最后应用到MATLAB中对圆轨迹、螺旋线轨迹进行跟踪仿真试验,仿真结果表明位姿误差在2 s时刻趋近于零,轨迹跟踪效果良好,系统具有很好的全局渐进稳定性。     

基于面积误差评价的轨迹跟踪数字式最优预见控制

研究在数字最优预见控制中以面积误差作为评价函数的轨迹跟踪最优预见控制方法。首先 ,分析了轨迹跟踪控制的特点和一些问题 ,依次建立了基于面积误差的轨迹跟踪性能评价函数 ,从而获得轨迹跟踪的最优预见控制算法 ;然后对一个简易工作平台系统的轨迹跟踪问题进行了仿真验证。结果表明基于面积误差评价的最优预见控制方法是能够提高路径控制精度的一种有效方法。     

改进的反馈线性化控制器在一类气动系统中的应用

针对一类气动系统提出了一种非线性跟踪控制器的设计方法 ,其中 ,气缸连接孔对系统的约束不可忽略。由于连接孔和伺服阀组成了一个双约束系统 ,因此这类系统的气缸内腔压力很难控制。该文设计了一种改进的反馈线性化控制器用来消除双约束造成的奇点 ,LMI方法用于计算控制器增益 ,以确保跟踪误差的稳定性 ,仿真结果显示该控制器性能良好。     

迭代学习在工业机械手自适应控制中的应用

针对机器人运动控制模型中存在的未知项建模误差,提出了基于迭代学习与滑模控制的机器人组合自适应控制方法.将机器人动力学方程以状态回归量的形式表示,使时变参数与物理参数分离,通过设计的参数自适应律,实现了对未知参数的在线估计.将跟踪误差限制在滑模面上,实现了对目标轨迹的有效跟踪.仿真实例表明,提出的组合控制算法在机器人轨迹跟踪中具有一定的可行性.     

基于自适应滑模控制的四轮全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪方法研究

针对四轮全向移动机器人动力学模型参数的不确定性以及外部扰动的影响,为提高其轨迹跟踪控制性能,提出了一种基于自适应滑模的四轮全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制方法。首先,基于驱动电机参数建立了机器人的动力学模型,在此基础上设计了一种自适应滑模轨迹跟踪控制器;其次,通过低通滤波器滤除轨迹跟踪控制器输出端的高频信号,同时为实现机器人动力学参数的在线估计,提出了一种参数自适应控制算法并利用RBF神经网络实时调整轨迹跟踪控制器的切换增益,以减小系统的抖振;最后,为验证所述方法的有效性,采用MATLAB进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,基于自适应滑模控制的四轮全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪方法可以较好地降低参数变化、外部扰动对系统的影响,能够减小系统的抖振,具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

步进式双轴太阳跟踪运动控制方法的研究

太阳跟踪系统的运动控制是太阳跟踪技术的关键。提出一种步进式太阳跟踪控制方法,建立了步进式太阳跟踪理论控制算法,并通过理论仿真分析了不同运动控制参数对跟踪精度的影响。研究表明：该方法实际是以跟踪系统折线运行轨迹插补逼近太阳运行轨迹曲线,仿真结果证明了跟踪曲线与理论曲线能够很好地吻合,说明步进跟踪控制策略是可行的。该方法可以节省系统建造成本,降低系统自身能耗。     

基于协调误差的目标轨迹预见跟踪控制的研究

针对系统已知的空间目标轨迹，提出了一种基于协调误差的空间目标轨迹最优预见跟踪控制的方法，其核心是将轨迹的协调跟踪误差和轨迹的位置跟踪误差考虑成系统的状态变量，并实施最优反馈控制。仿真分析表明，该轨迹跟踪控制方法能够有效提高系统的轨迹跟踪控制精度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.