新型可调式喷射器性能的计算与分析

提出在喷射器喷嘴内插入喷针来调节喷射器工作参数的方案，建立了可调武喷射器性能计算模型，分析了喷嘴截面积变化对喷射系数、气体压力、气体流量等参数的影响。结果表明，通过对喷射器喉口面积的调节，可以实现把出口流量控制在一个稳定的区域内，从而减小喷射器入口参数对出口参数以至整个系统的影响。可调式喷嘴可拓宽喷射器的有效工作范围。     

多喷嘴汽-液两相喷射性能的实验研究

提出了一种多喷嘴结构的汽-液两相喷射器,该装置由7个蒸汽喷嘴、吸入室、7个混合室和扩散室组成.通过实验研究了不同蒸汽干度下多喷嘴汽-液两相喷射器的工作特性.结果表明:由于汽羽的特性和蒸汽喷嘴与混合室的距离对喷射性能的共同影响,喷射器存在一个最佳蒸汽压力,且其数值随低温水温度的升高而减小;蒸汽干度未明显影响低温水质量流量的分布规律;喷射系数随蒸汽干度的增大而增大,随低温水温度的升高而减小.     

喷射制冷系统关键部件的数值分析

建立喷射制冷系统中可调喷嘴喷射器的数学模型,采用数值模拟方法对可调式喷射器与固定结构喷射器的流场进行对比分析,并计算调节锥在不同位置的可调式喷射器内部流场的变化。结果显示,可调式喷射器在喷嘴出口处的速度提高3.5%,真空度提高65.3%,喷射系数提高47.6%;调节锥进入喷嘴可达到更低的轴线压力,喷射器出口轴线流速降低8.9%。     

蒸汽喷射压缩器性能的三维数值模拟

通过对蒸汽喷射压缩器内流场进行三维数值模拟,对初步设计的蒸汽喷射压缩器进行结构优化,并研究了结构参数、工况参数和调节锥对喷射器工作性能的影响.结果 表明:混合室直径和喷嘴出口到混合室入口间距是影响喷射器性能的两个关键参数;降低工作蒸汽压力、提高引射蒸汽压力和降低背压都能够使喷射系数升高;使用调节锥能够在一定程度上提高喷...     

花瓣形喷嘴对喷射器性能影响的数值研究

提出采用花瓣形喷嘴提高气流混合效率的方法来提升喷射器性能。采用FLUENT软件对喷射器流场进行数值模拟,对比分析了不同运行参数下花瓣形喷嘴和圆形喷嘴的喷射器性能。研究表明:在设计工况下,花瓣形高压喷嘴喷射器的临界背压提高了5%,引射比最多提高了13. 3%;另外,在高压压力越大或低压压力越小时,新型喷射器的引射效果要明显好于传统的圆型喷嘴喷射器;在研究工况下,新型喷射器在临界工况下的引射比最多提高了13. 5%,临界背压最多提高5%。     

波瓣形喷嘴对蒸汽喷射制冷性能影响的实验研究

在能源紧缺的今天,蒸汽喷射制冷作为一种节能的制冷方法而备受关注。针对蒸汽喷射制冷系统设计了四种波瓣形喷嘴,在不同工况条件研究波瓣形喷嘴对蒸汽喷射器性能的影响。在工作蒸汽温度分别为110、120、130℃,引射蒸汽温度为5、10、15℃的工况条件下,对四种波瓣形喷嘴进行性能实验研究。实验研究结果表明：六波瓣喷嘴相对其他喷嘴具有更高的COP。在工作蒸汽温度为110℃和引射蒸汽温度为15℃的条件下,六波瓣喷嘴的COP达到最大值0.698。在工作蒸汽温度为130℃和引射蒸汽温度为15℃的条件下,六波瓣喷嘴的临界冷凝压力达到最大值3.674kPa。     

波瓣形喷嘴对蒸汽喷射式制冷性能影响的实验研究

在能源紧缺的今天,蒸汽喷射式制冷作为一种节能的制冷方法而备受关注。针对蒸汽喷射式制冷系统设计了四种波瓣形喷嘴,在不同工况条件下研究波瓣形喷嘴对蒸汽喷射器性能的影响。在工作蒸汽温度分别为110、120、130℃和引射蒸汽温度为5、10、15℃的工况条件下,对四种波瓣形喷嘴进行性能实验研究。结果表明:六波瓣形喷嘴相对其他喷嘴具有更高的COP。在工作蒸汽温度为110℃和引射蒸汽温度为15℃的条件下,六波瓣形喷嘴的COP达到最大值0.698。在工作蒸汽温度为130℃和引射蒸汽温度为15℃的条件下,六波瓣形喷嘴的临界冷凝压力达到最大值3.674 kPa。     

准二级压缩-喷射复合热泵系统用喷射器的变工况特性

使用气体动力学函数法和经典热力学法建立了喷射器模型,全面分析喷射器喷嘴喉部直径、混合室锥形段进出口截面积比、混合室圆柱段截面积对复合热泵系统性能的影响,得出了复合热泵系统用喷射器的变工况特性和设计准则。     

蒸汽喷射器在节能应用中的性能分析

蒸汽喷射器是橡胶生成中一种有效的蒸汽回收节能装置。通过自主编程与商业流体软件Fluent结合的计算分析方法,探讨压力参数的变化对喷射器性能及内部流场的影响,讨论蒸汽喷射器性能变化对蒸汽回收节能应用的影响。结果发现,喷射器性能对压缩比的变化影响更敏感;当喷射器的压缩压力低于临界压力时,喷射器效率严重恶化。     

有机郎肯循环复合系统中喷射器能量分析

有机郎肯循环利用太阳能、地热能和余热驱动,是回收余热、实现能源可持续发展的一个很好途径。有机郎肯循环可与喷射制冷循环结合,可同时提供电能和冷量。喷射器内部流体的不可逆混合引起的能量损失,是该系统最大部分的能量损失。着眼喷射器内部流场分布和机理,分析工作参数和几何参数对其性能的影响,以优化喷射器设计,减小系统能量损失,提高带有喷射器的有机郎肯循环复合系统的效率和节能潜力。结果显示,提高引射压力和出口压力会导致喷射器内部更多能量损失,制约整体系统的性能;在给定工况下,可通过钝化喷嘴内壁面、喷嘴处于最佳位置使喷射器达到最大喷射系数、最优性能,和最小的能量损失。     

斯特林发动机小空间燃气引射特性仿真研究

采用FLUENT软件对应用于斯特林发动机小空间燃烧室的不同类型的引射器的引射特性进行了计算研究.研究结果表明:在一次流体总质量流量和喷嘴总流通面积相同的条件下,多孔式喷嘴引射器的速度、温度及浓度分布均匀性明显优于中心、环形式喷嘴引射器,喷孔数量越多均匀性越好;多孔式喷嘴引射器的引射系数明显大于中心、环形式喷嘴引射器,喷孔数量越多引射系数越大.     

Experimental and CFD analysis of nozzle position of subsonic ejector

The influence of nozzle position on the performance of an ejector was analyzed qualitatively with free jet flow model. Experimental investigations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the nozzle position of the subsonic ejector were also conducted. The results show that there is an optimum nozzle position for the ejector. The ejecting coefficient reaches its maximum when the nozzle is positioned at the optimum and decreases when deviating. Moreover, the nozzle position of an ejector is not a fixed value, but is influenced greatly by the flow parameters. Considering the complexity of the ejector, CFD is reckoned as a useful tool in the design of ejectors.     

New theoretical model for convergent nozzle ejector in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

A new theoretical model for the convergent nozzle ejector in the anode recirculation line of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system is established in this paper. A velocity function for analyzing the flow characteristics of the PEM ejector is proposed by employing a two-dimensional (2D) concave exponential curve. This treatment of velocity is an improvement compared to the conventional 1D “constant area mixing” or “constant pressure mixing” ejector theories. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique together with the data regression and parameter identification methods are applied in the determination of the velocity function's exponent. Based on the model, the anode recirculation performances of a hybrid PEM system are studied under various stack currents. Results show that the model is capable of evaluating the performance of ejector in both the critical mode and subcritical mode.     

Evaluation of a variable flow ejector for anode gas circulation in a 50-kW class SOFC

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are highly efficient in terms of converting hydrogen's chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions and for generating power in the range of several kW to several tens of kW. A variable flow ejector equipped with an adjustable recirculating flow rate mechanism was designed for this investigation. A prototype was manufactured to control the circulation of anode exhaust gas for a 50-kW class SOFC system. The ejector performance was evaluated using SOFC simulator equipment that simulated the pressure and temperature environment of a 50-kW SOFC system. In the heating simulation experiment, the mass flow rate ratio of the driving gas to the suction gas could be controlled from 3.7 to 5.4 under conditions simulating 100% of the rated load operation and from 4 to 7.5 when simulating 30%–50% of the partial load conditions. A simple heat transfer model for the motive nozzle was used in the ejector analysis, and issues for improving the ejector recirculation performance in the high-temperature field were identified.     

Numerical analysis of Chevron nozzle effects on performance of the supersonic ejector-diffuser system

The supersonic nozzle is the most important device of an ejector-diffuser system.The best operation condition and optimal structure of supersonic nozzle are hardly known due to the complicated turbulent mixing,compressibility effects and even flow unsteadiness which are generated around the nozzle extent.In the present study,the primary stream nozzle was redesigned using convergent nozzle to activate the shear actions between the primary and secondary streams,by means of longitudinal vortices generated between the Chevron lobes.Exactly same geometrical model of ejector-diffuser system was created to validate the results of experimental data.The operation characteristics of the ejector system were compared between Chevron nozzle and conventional convergent nozzle for the primary stream.A CFD method has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows and shock waves inside the ejector.It is observed that the flow structure and shock system were changed and primary numerical analysis results show that the Chevron nozzle achieve a positive effect on the supersonic ejector-diffuser system performance.The ejector with Chevron nozzle can entrain more secondary stream with less primary stream mass flow rate.     

An experimental investigation of steam ejector refrigeration system powered by extra low temperature heat source

A steam ejector refrigeration system is a low capital cost solution for utilizing industrial waste heat or solar energy. When the heat source temperature is lower than 80 °C, the utilization of the thermal energy from such a low-temperature heat source can be a considerable challenge. In this investigation, an experimental prototype for the steam ejector refrigeration system was designed and manufactured, which can operate using extra low-temperature heat source below 80 °C. The effects of the operation temperature, the nozzle exit position (NXP) and the diameter of the constant area section on the working performance of the steam ejector were investigated at generating temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C. Three ejectors with a same de Laval nozzle for the primary nozzle and three different constant-area sections were designed and fabricated. The experimental results show that a steam ejector can function for a certain configuration size of the steam ejector with a generating temperature ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C and an evaporating temperature of 10 °C. For a given NXP, the system COP and cooling capacity of the steam ejector decreased until inoperative as the diameter of the constant area section reduced. The results of this investigation provided a good solution for the refrigeration application of the steam ejector refrigeration system powered by an extra low-temperature heat source.     

Performance testing of a novel ejector refrigerator for various controlled conditions

The paper presents the experimental results of a novel ejector refrigerator that was designed to be suitable for an air‐conditioning application using vacuum tube solar collectors for vapour generation. The primary flow of the ejector is controlled using a spindle in order to provide fine tuning for ejector operation as heat input changes with solar radiation. Water, the most environmentally friendly substance is used as the working fluid. The performance of the ejector was tested for a range of controlled primary flows, boiler temperatures, condensation capacities using different primary nozzles with different lengths. The effect of the operating conditions and nozzle length on the performance of the ejector was analyzed. It was found that in the tested boiler temperature range of 84–96°C the maximum cooling capacity (4.01 kW) of the ejector with short nozzle is much higher than that of the ejector with long nozzle (2.9 kW) on the spindle position of 21 mm. However, the ejector with long nozzle has increased COP when the boiler temperature is below 88°C and has higher critical back pressure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Navier—Stokes Computations of the Supersonic Ejector—Diffuser System with a Second Throat

The supersonic ejector-diffuser system with a second throat was simulated using CFD.An explicit finite volume scheme was applied to solve two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with standard κ-εturbulence model.The vacuum performance of the supersonic ejector-diffuser system was investigated by changing the ejector throat area ration and the operating pressure ratio.Two convergent-divergent nozzles with design Mach number of 2.11 and 3.41 were selected to give the supersonic operation of the ejector-diffuser system.The presence of a second throat strongly affected the shock wave structure inside the mixing tube as well as the spreading of the under-expanded jet discharging from the primary nozzle.There were optimum values of the operating pressure ratio and ejector throat area ratio for the vacuum performance of the system to maximize.