A PROTOTYPE GRID FRAMEWORK FOR THE CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES

This article presents a GRID framework for distributed computations in the chemical process industries. We advocate a generic agent-based GRID environment in which chemical processes can be represented, simulated, and optimized as a set of autonomous, collaborative software agents. The framework features numerous advantages in terms of scalability, software reuse, security, and distributed resource discovery and utilization. It is a novel example of how advanced distributed techniques and paradigms can be elegantly applied in the area of chemical engineering to support distributed computations and discovery functions in chemical process engineering. A prototype implementation of the proposed framework for chemical process design is presented to illustrate the concepts.     

A network theory for the structured modelling of chemical processes

A structuring methodology for dynamic models of chemical engineering processes is presented. The main ideas of the methodology were outlined in a previous publication for the class of well-mixed systems. In this contribution, the methodology is extended to spatially distributed systems and to particulate processes. Furthermore, the structuring principle is used to make a conceptual link between the macroscopic world of process simulation and the microscopic world of molecular simulation. It is shown that a uniform structuring principle can be applied to the modularisation of most classes of chemical engineering models. The structuring principle can be used as a theoretical framework for the implementation of modular families of chemical engineering models in modern computer aided modelling tools.     

MODELING, SIMULATION AND DESIGN OF CONVECTIVE INDUSTRIAL DRYERS

The use of computers to perform simulations of chemical engineering processes has lead to the development of software tools that perform most tedious computations in the field of process analysis, mathematical modeling and design. In the case of dryers, these mathematical programming aspects can be dealt in a straightforward way. The mathematical models of all popular convective dryers are presented and analysed. The transport and thermophysical properties of materials and air involved in the developed mathematical models are briefly discussed. The simulation of convective drying processes facilitated by modern computer technology is outlined and discussed. Design of convective industrial dryers is described and performed through the simulation tools developed. Short-cut design techniques are introduced allowing concentrated information on design results for various levels of process parameters and variables to be integrated in generalized design curves that produce values of optimal dryer structures and operating conditions related to cost     

常用化工流程模拟软件的比较

作为一名化工设计人员,掌握化工流程模拟软件是必须的能力。Aspen Plus,Pro/II,ChemCAD是化工设计人员经常使用的三大化工模拟软件。讲述了Aspen Plus,Pro/II,ChemCAD的发展过程以及特点,使化工设计人员在选择化工模拟软件时,有一定的针对性,可以发挥每个软件独特的优点,更好的进行化工设计。     

A Hybrid Method for Stochastic Performance Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Engineering Processes

As chemical engineers seek to improve plant safety, reliability, and financial performance, a wide range of uncertaintyladen decisions need to be made. It is widely agreed that probabilistic approaches provide a rational framework to quantify such uncertainties and can result in improved decision making and performance when compared with deterministic approaches. This article proposes a novel method for design and performance analysis of chemical engineering processes under uncertainty. The framework combines process simulation tools, response surface techniques, and numerical integration schemes applied in structural reliability problems to determine the probability of a process achieving a performance function of interest. The approach can be used to model processes in the presence or absence of performance function(s), with or without parameter interactions, at both design and operational phases. With this, process behavior can be quantified in terms of stochastic performance measures such as reliability indices and the associated most probable process design/operating conditions, providing a simple way to analyze a wide range of decisions. To validate the applicability of the proposed framework, three case study systems are considered: a plug flow reactor, a heat exchanger, and finally a pump system. In each case, performance criteria based on the original physical model and the surrogate model are set up. Reliability analysis is then carried out based on these two models and the results are assessed. The results show that the proposed framework can be successfully applied in chemical engineering analysis with additional benefits over the traditional deterministic methods.     

Trends in chemical engineering education: Process, product and sustainable chemical engineering challenges

Teaching chemical engineering has always been faced with a dilemma: either keep in touch with industry needs or incorporate new scientific concepts into the curriculum. In this paper, a short historical analysis of the evolution of chemical engineering teaching is presented and the recent trends of the two previous facets (industry and science) are briefly reviewed. The process vs product engineering concept is proposed as one of the means to achieve a better alignment between the curriculum and industry needs. A chemical engineering teaching framework, based in part on a product and a process oriented component, which has been in place in our department 5 years ago, is described and discussed. The concept of sustainable chemistry, including process and product considerations, which can be seen as the next frontier in chemical engineering education, is finally analysed from the education point of view.     

Computer Simulation of Industrial Dryers

The use of computers to perform simulation of chemical engineering processes has lead to the development of software tools that Perform most tedious computations in the field of process analysis and design. The most popular Structures regarding process simulation of conventional and specialized processes are analyzed properly by considering the basic parts of commercial programs. Computational procedures. graphical aspects. management of properties database are outlined. Modeling aspects of drying technology regarding simulation are summarized and classified. The need for specialized software and development efforts in the field of commercial dryers simulation are enlohasized and nppropriately addressed. Moderm aspects. such as obiectoriented programming in simulation of industrial dryers are suitably presented and various case studies are used to indicate the effectiveness of modern simulation methods in the field of dryers operation.     

Magnesium-particle ignition (distributed model)

The Cauchy problem is formulated in its asymptotic variant (transient pointwise model) reduced to a system of three autonomous differential equations, and the existence of its solution is studied on the basis of a distributed model for the heat dynamics of a magnesium particle taking into account a heterogeneous chemical reaction of low-temperature oxidation. Direct computations within the framework of the distributed model show that the temperature gradient along the particle radius is small, and this makes it possible to use the pointwise and transient pointwise models for heat dynamics computations (for particles with radius 600 µm). The ignition delay can differ by 8%. The possibility of extinction of a small heated magnesium particle under the action of high-speed gas flow is shown.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 5–12, July–August, 1996.     

基于EMMS范式的离散模拟及其化工应用

化工过程通常涉及化学、化工、过程系统工程3个层次,而每个层次又包含微尺度、介尺度和宏尺度,如化工层次的颗粒、颗粒团和反应器尺度。每个层次中的微尺度单元都自然适用离散模型,即通过跟踪每个单元的运动获得整个体系演化的宏观规律。但由于单元数量巨大,工程模拟往往依赖经过统计平均的连续介质模型。由此带来的精度问题,特别是忽略了介尺度结构的问题,随着对化工过程效率和绿色度等要求的提高而日渐突出。介绍了通过问题、模型、软件和硬件结构的一致性提升离散模拟的精度、能力和效率的方法、进展及其在复杂分子体系、颗粒流、气固流态化等方面的应用,展示了通过离散模拟实现虚拟过程工程的可能性。     

Computer Simulation of Industrial Dryers

ABSTRACT

The use of computers to perform simulation of chemical engineering processes has lead to the development of software tools that Perform most tedious computations in the field of process analysis and design. The most popular Structures regarding process simulation of conventional and specialized processes are analyzed properly by considering the basic parts of commercial programs. Computational procedures. graphical aspects. management of properties database are outlined. Modeling aspects of drying technology regarding simulation are summarized and classified. The need for specialized software and development efforts in the field of commercial dryers simulation are enlohasized and nppropriately addressed. Moderm aspects. such as obiectoriented programming in simulation of industrial dryers are suitably presented and various case studies are used to indicate the effectiveness of modern simulation methods in the field of dryers operation.     

基于Aspen-Plus的化工热力学教学(Ⅰ)均相性质计算

化工热力学作为化学工程的基础学科,是化学工程与工艺专业的一门核心课程,在化学工程的教学过程中占有极其重要的地位。借助专业化工模拟软件Aspen-Plus完成化工热力学教学中的相关性质计算,可以得到较为理想的结果,为加强应用能力培养提供了基础。     

Sustainability—The next chapter

In the last decade significant progress has been made in recognising and understanding the issues in sustainability. Much remains to be done because the science that underlies sustainability is still far from exact. Given the natural abilities of chemical engineers with systems analysis, balances and modelling, there is a key role for chemical engineering science to play in its development.An integrated approach requires addressing cascading levels of sustainability objectives. The levels are global objectives, industry strategy, enterprise targets, specific targets and individual actions/measurement outcomes. We need to consider the reality of the cascade effect—is it possible for global objectives to cascade all the way down to individual actions and what will be the effect of each of the steps between?Exploration of the existing metrics and sustainability systems in relation to these cascading levels reveals that there is no single approach that can address both global responsibilities and enterprise and company interests. It is time for a framework for sustainability to be developed that can be used across all scales of application.Indicators that address all levels of sustainability goals will enable a paradigm shift, allowing us to move beyond individual problems and to offer options on the pathway to the ultimate solution. Without these indicators it is difficult to translate our broad goals into decision-making processes. Reliable indicators would also assist companies to resist the pressures that work against sustainability, for example, those from investors for short-term returns.Chemical engineering has a history of embracing new disciplines and has a special role to play in the change process. An understanding at the micro and molecular levels and the integration of this knowledge into macro systems will be integral to the shift towards process engineering addressing the sustainability framework. Breakthroughs in greenhouse gas reduction, climate change prevention and process redesign will require a strong base of chemical engineering science. I see opportunities for chemical engineers to play a leadership role by collaborating with other industries in building critical mass and contributing to step change beyond best practice, by broadening the scope of the discipline and by restructuring chemical engineering education at an individual level.     

基于Aspen-Plus的化工热力学教学（Ⅱ）纯物质饱和性质计算

化工热力学作为化学工程的基础学科,是化学工程与工艺专业的一门核心课程,在化学工程的教学过程中占有极其重要的地位。我们借助专业化工模拟软件Aspen-Plus完成化工热力学教学中的纯物质饱和性质计算,得到了较为理想的结果,为用Aspen-Plus辅助化工热力学教学提高教学效率,加强应用能力培养夯实了基础。     

化学产品工程的理论和技术

随着市场竞争的加剧，以产品需求为导向开发满足最终使用性能的化学品成为化学工程研究发展的一个重要趋势。本文介绍了化学产品工程概念的产生和发展，论述了分子产品工程、配方产品工程、柔性制造过程等化学产品工程各个子领域的关键技术、应用和研究进展。     

浅析Pdmax软件在化工工艺流程设计中的应用

Pdmax是长沙思为软件有限公司自主研发的三维工厂设计软件.介绍了Pdmax软件在化工工艺流程设计中的应用,并结合自己的应用经验,总结了Pdmax软件在化工工艺流程设计中的优势.设计者预先构建标准元件库,然后通过调用元件库,可快速完成化工工艺流程的设计;Pdmax解决了设备、配管设计复杂、繁琐的问题,具有方便易学,快捷...     

化工类学生化工设计能力评价体系的建立

化工设计能力是化工类学生大学阶段综合能力的一种体现,考查学生化工设计能力,建立化工设计能力评价体系是必要的。评价体系包括化工原理等化工基础课程的掌握程度、国家和相关行业法规和设计规范熟练程度、物料衡算和热量衡算能力、化工软件熟练操作水平和化工设计课题实施能力;并通过布置化工设计方面的作业,让学生独立完成一项简单的化工设计,让学生了解化工设计的步骤、化工设计内容以及完成一项设计所需要的知识。基于化工设计课程考核,提出了试卷考试、学生课堂报告、设计实践和答辩等考核方式。     

Towards a methodology for the systematic analysis and design of efficient chemical processes: Part 1. From unit operations to elementary process functions

A successful intensification of a chemical process requires a holistic view of the process and a systematic debottlenecking, which is obtained by identifying and eliminating the main transport resistances that limit the overall process performance and thus can be considered as rate determining steps on the process level. In this paper, we will suggest a new approach that is not based on the classical unit operation concept, but on the analysis of the basic functional principles that are encountered in chemical processes.A review on the history of chemical engineering in general and more specifically on the development of the unit operation concept underlines the outstanding significance of this concept in chemical and process engineering. The unit operation concept is strongly linked with the idea of thinking in terms of apparatuses, using technology off the shelf. The use of such “ready solutions” is of course convenient in the analysis and design of chemical processes; however, it can also be a problem since it inherently reduces the possibilities of process intensification measures.Therefore, we break with the tradition of thinking in terms of “unit apparatuses” and suggest a new, more rigorous function-based approach that focuses on the underlying fundamental physical and chemical processes and fluxes.For this purpose, we decompose the chemical process into so-called functional modules that fulfill specific tasks in the course of the process. The functional modules itself can be further decomposed and represented by a linear combination of elementary process functions. These are basis vectors in thermodynamic state space. Within this theoretical framework we can individually examine possible process routes and identify resistances in individual process steps. This allows us to analyze and propose possible options for the intensification of the considered chemical process.     

Origin软件在化工原理实验数据处理中的应用

Origin软件是一个多文档界面的应用程序,具有强大的数据分析和科研绘图功能。分析了化工原理实验数据的特点;以化工原理实验中几个常见实验为例,对Origin软件在实验数据处理中的线性拟合和非线性拟合进行了探讨。该软件作图方法方便、迅速、准确度高,在大学化学及化工实验教学、科研中可发挥很大作用。     

基于Aspen Plus的船舶热力系统教学

船舶热力系统作为船舶院校能源与动力工程专业的特色课程,在教学过程中占有重要的地位。教改通过引入化工模拟软件Aspen Plus,引导学生完成系统典型操作单元的物料衡算与能量衡算,对于提高学生的工程实践能力具有重要的意义。     

Wellenausbreitung in verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen

Wave propagation phenomena in chemical engineering processes. A phenomenological analysis of the dynamics of a number of different distributed parameter systems in chemical engineering reveals a surprisingly simple dynamic behaviour despite the complexity of the underlying nonlinear process models. Spatial structures or waves are propagating along a spatial coordinate during transients. The dynamics of most of the processes under consideration can be described with sufficient accuracy by three different model structures. These models serve as a basis for a theoretical system analysis. The investigation of characteristic properties of the propagating waves and the mechanisms responsible for wave formation are of central significance. Finally, it is shown how the extended knowledge about the processes may be applied for the solution of problems of technical interest.