The European Quality Award

Companies in the process of implementing a quality system usually need a standard against which progress can be measured. Prestigious prizes and awards have been established in a number of countries accepted as quality world leaders. These awards enable quality organisations to be recognised and more importantly provide firms with a standard to measure how they are developing towards world class. These awards include the Deming prize initiated in Japan in 1951, the Malcolm Baldridge award established in America in 1987 and the European Quality Award (EQA) introduced in 1992 for companies within the European Community. This article is concerned with total quality management (TQM) in industry in South Wales. The authors indicate the requirements of companies aiming for the EQA and report on the findings of a case study. The progress that can be achieved by the consistent and systematic approach of a leadership committed to the fundamental principles of quality is illustrated. The progress of a medium-size South Wales company through the consistent and systematic approach of a leadership committed to the fundamental principles of quality to achieve business excellence is described     

The changing role of builders merchants in the construction supply chain

Builders merchants are an integral part of the construction industry, yet rarely are they consulted when discussions take place on the future of the construction industry. Throughout history, builders merchants have played a dominant role in the construction industry, initially as an intermediary between the artisan and the buyer, and more recently as a source of working capital for contracting firms. The merchanting industry currently is undergoing considerable change. The depressed construction market and the failure of the housing repair and maintenance sector to recover in the first half of the 1990's as activity in the private non-housing repair and maintenance sector has increased, has raised competition between merchants. The major building merchants are becoming larger by acquisition and merger, the smaller merchants are seeking niche areas, and the medium-size firms are under serious threat from acquisition by the larger merchanting firms. The trend towards consolidation in the sector, driven by the need to reduce costs, has meant that the large merchanting firms now control around 60% of the building materials market sales. Factoring is a growing trend, particularly with smaller companies sourcing goods from the cheapest source. The larger merchants have to respond by sourcing goods from the lowest cost base, irrespective of whether they buy from overseas markets. This paper analyses the UK builders merchants sector and evaluates the important role played in the supply chain.     

Defects in offsite construction: timber module prefabrication

The construction industry is based on craftsmanship. Quality control and assurance procedures applied in manufacturing cannot usually be readily applied in construction, where there are higher degrees of uniqueness in each project. One category of companies, industrialized housebuilders, is attempting to bridge some of the gaps between construction and manufacturing. These companies prefabricate building modules for later assembly at the building site. Since they are wholly responsible for large parts of the building process, these companies have greater opportunities to control and improve quality in a more consistent way than ordinary construction companies. Thus, it could be hypothesized that the frequency and severity of defects should be lower in industrialized housing than in ordinary construction. The aim of the study presented here is to examine this hypothesis by measuring and characterizing defects in industrialized housing. The design and manufacturing processes at two Swedish timber module prefabrication firms has been analysed through interviews, site visits and document reviews. Quality audits from three phases of the building process were compiled, analysed and categorized to provide statistical measures of defects in industrialized housing. The results show that the case study companies are better in terms of product quality than conventional housing.     

建材企业供配电系统的节能优化设计分析

建材业作为高耗电量的行业,建材企业供配电系统的节能形势十分严峻。随着能源资源消耗量的不断增加及环境问题的不断突出,对建材企业供配电系统的节能优化设计势在必行。文章主要对建材企业供配电系统的节能优化设计进行了深入分析。     

基于全面质量管理理论的多媒体教学质量控制研究

从多媒体教学质量管理过程中全面质量管理的思想体现、主要内容、推行步骤及建立以多媒体教学质量持续提高为中心的全面质量管理体系等四个方面探讨了基于全面质量管理理论的多媒体教学质量控制策略,为高校领导层制定多媒体教学质量控制方面政策提供了理论依据及可操作性方案。     

Critical Building Design Factors for Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Current Status and Predicted Trends

In recent yean, some building design professionals have become more aware of the indoor air quality concerns of owners and occupants and as a result, they have made some important changes to improve indoor air quality and climate. These changes include improvements in site planning and design; overall building design; ventilation and climate control systems; and materials selection and specifications. In addition, changes that limit the chemical contamination of building air during the construction process and during occupancy of buildings are also occurring; some of these changes are specified or controlled by design professionals. However, the majority of design professionals have little or no awareness of indoor air quality considerations. There is inadequate dissemination of building science research results to design professionals. There is a need for a useful general body of knowledge, theory, and practice regarding building-environment-occupant interactions. The lack of such knowledge, theory, and practice is an impediment to developing the necessary professional design tools and practices to address effectively indoor environmental quality and energy conservation issues.     

建筑企业工程项目质量管理研究

结合目前建筑企业项目质量管理的现状,找出其在质量管理中存在的问题,根据全面质量管理（TQM）理论,分析问题的根源,提出完善公司质量管理的思路和对策,为建筑企业的可持续发展提供了可借鉴的方法。     

工程供应链中物流管理的关键问题与对策研究

工程供应链物流管理对于工程系统绩效具有十分重要的意义。根据工程物流的实际运作情况,构建出工程供应链物流管理的概念模型并对其进行系统分析。在此基础上,提出了工程供应链物流管理的特点及其面临的关键问题;并遵循工程供应链物流管理的协调优化思想给出几点策略建议:构建"集成"、"协调"与"共享"的物流运作原则;统一规划物流运作系统,构建可靠的物流运作网络;与供应商构建战略伙伴关系,整合物流运营商的运输能力;构建施工承包商与物资供应商的信息共享机制等,旨在为提高工程供应链中物流管理的绩效提供理论依据。     

建筑企业材料管理存在的问题及对策

在经济发展的过程中,人们对于建筑设施的需求越来越多,因此建筑企业也获得了较大的发展,并且已经逐渐成为了我国的支柱性产业。我国部分建筑企业由于各种原因,在建材管理上还存在一系列的问题,严重影响着建筑工程的收益以及整个企业的盈亏,因此寻找合适的解决对策是十分重要的。针对建筑企业材料管理存在的问题进行了具体分析,并且提出了相应的解决办法。     

绿色建材在生态建筑中的应用

绿色建材的选用是生态建筑中至关重要的方面。介绍了国内外对于绿色建材的评价体系以及生态办公示范楼中绿色建材的选用原则和实例、部分绿色建材关键技术的研究与应用。在实际选用绿色建材时,只有严格按照选材原则,经过检测、评估,才能真正实现生态、环保和可持续发展。     

外墙渗漏的危害、成因及防治

随着建筑市场的日益规范，新材料、新工艺的不断推广应用。工程质量得到稳步提高。但不容忽视的是，一些质量通病依然存在，并且严重地影响到使用。文章阐述了导致外墙渗漏的几个主要原因，并就如何处理渗漏提出一些防治措施。     

节能与舒适 表皮材料的建筑性能表现及其设计应用

文章指出建筑能耗和环境舒适是建筑性能表现的主要方面之一,同时是绿色建筑概念所强调的重要内容。然而能耗最小化的节能设计和舒适最大化的设计却存在着一定的矛盾,如果将二者放置在建筑表皮的关联中,会发现表皮材料在这个矛盾关系中扮演着非常重要的角色。为了平衡这种矛盾关系,对建筑表皮材料的特征分析,应该综合考虑建筑位置、整体形态和朝向、建筑内部的功能布局、使用者活动空间、空间使用特征,甚至使用者的背景和行为模式等因素。文章通过案例分析研究,提出基于整体设计和基于使用者群体特征的两个思路,并阐述了其中的建筑表皮的材料特征及其设计应用。     

红外热像法检测建筑物外墙饰面施工质量的试验研究

对红外热像法在建筑饰面工程中应用的可行性，及其工作原理、使用范围、应用办法等方面做了论述。论文中详细介绍了试验研究过程，对红外热像法检测建筑外墙瓷砖饰面及砂浆饰面质量、红外热像法判断空鼓的感知界限及外墙最佳检测时段等具体问题都做了试验性探讨。     

Contractors' perception of the use of costs of quality system in Malaysian building construction projects

While conforming on the findings of prior researches regarding quality cost system in building companies, current research successfully illustrates the contractors' perceptions on the importance of the quality cost system and the barriers that may constrain the implementation of the system for recording and collecting quality cost data. A postal and email surveys were undertaken on Malaysian building companies, focusing on the benefits and difficulties associated with the implementation of quality cost system. Statistical analyses based on Chi-Squared test and Relative Importance Index techniques were used to investigate the significance of the findings and determine the relative importance of the factors. The most important benefit of measuring quality costs is “getting management attention and increase quality awareness” as perceived by the sample of the study. The possible barriers that may affect the management's decision to implement quality cost system are identified and grouped into three categories, which are culture and knowledge; system; and company. The study suggests that the level of the site staff's knowledge should be as important as that of the management to successfully collect and record quality costs data. The findings of this research will raise the level of awareness and sensitize managers and those involved with building industry about the importance of quality cost system and collecting quality costs data.     

高校建筇工程材料质量的监管与思考

通过对江苏部分高校基建管理工作的调查了解,总结分析了当前高校建设工程材料管理的现状、工作实践中所采用的管理方法与手段,提出了强化工程材料质量监管的相关对策以及相应思考,从而为改进建设工程材料的采供管工作,提高工程材料质量管理水平提供了有益借鉴.     

建筑材料生命周期中环境状况的评价与研究

建筑材料是构建建筑物的物质基础,其环境影响是建筑物生命周期环境影响的一个重要组成部分。通过生命周期评价方法评价建筑材料在预建构阶段、建设阶段、后建设阶段三部分产生的环境影响。积极推行建筑材料的再生循环,贯彻资源与环境可持续发展的战略决策。     

Prediction of solvency in construction companies

This paper reviews two models for testing the financial security of construction companies. It discusses the utility of the ratio analysis technique and the Z model in predicting whether companies are heading for insolvency. It then applies these techniques to three construction companies which failed within the last 5 years to test whether the theoretical predictions prescribed in the techniques are applicable to the construction industry. It concludes that whilst the techniques are of value in predicting some difficulties they need to be used in conjunction with financial performance data of other construction firms, in this way comparisons may be made. The development of a refined and construction specific Z model is recommended.     

浅谈如何做好高层建筑物业公司的消防安全工作

本文结合工作实际,对近年来全国高层建筑发生的火灾及高层建筑物业公司在消防安全管理工作中存在的问题进行了详细分析,提出了加强高层建筑物业公司的消防安全工作对策。     

谈建筑工程质量管理

分别介绍了建筑工程质量的特性与控制原则,针对建筑工程中存在的人员素质、材料设备滞后、管理体系不健全等质量管理问题进行了分析,并提出了建筑工程质量管理的策略,以指导实践。     

广州新电视塔施工总承包质量管理

广州新电视塔工程属于特大型超高层建筑,技术难度大、材料设备新、专业分包多、质量目标高,管理质量的好坏直接影响到工程质量目标的实现.通过广州新电视塔工程总承包质量管理的实践,从质量控制体系的建立、质量管理制度的推行、质量保证措施的落实,推行全面质量管理.通过对总承包质量管理过程的分析、总结,提出现阶段特大型超高层建筑质最管理的意见及建议.