应用反向高效液相色谱分析离体心脏灌流大鼠心肌组织中的多胺

目的：建立苯甲酰氯柱前衍生反向高效液相色谱分析大鼠心肌组织中多胺的方法。方法：以1，6-己二胺为内标，经苯甲酰氯柱前衍生，氯仿提取衍生物。高效液相色谱分析条件： Hypersil ODS C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm) 为固定相，甲醇与水（V∶V，65∶35）为流动相；流速0.4 mL/min；紫外检测波长229 nm，20 min完成洗脱。结果：多胺标准品浓度1-20 μmol/L，浓度与峰面积比呈良好的线性关系，相关系数(r)均大于0.998。多胺日内及日间变异系数分别为2.96%-5.48%、4.22%-9.30%。离体灌流大鼠心肌多胺含量在纳摩尔水平。结论：建立一种快速、准确、灵敏苯甲酰氯衍生反向高效液相色谱分析心肌组织中多胺的方法，此方法为分析其他生物样品中多胺提供参考。     

Calcein-AM荧光扫描测定细胞毒方法的建立

目的：建立和优化基于钙黄绿素-AM（ Calcein-AM）荧光扫描的细胞毒测定方法。方法：首先使用Calcein-AM染色靶细胞,扫描检测Calcein-AM荧光值,确定Calcein-AM最佳激发波长和发射波长;然后优化Calcein-AM染色的浓度和时间;最后以效靶比为30∶1～1∶1,共孵育时间为4 h,荧光扫描测定靶细胞裂解的百分率。结果：荧光染料Calcein-AM能有效标记靶细胞,最佳激发波长和发射波长为485 nm和515 nm;Calcein-AM对细胞毒性低,不影响细胞活性;4 h内的自发释放率低于15％;CIK（ Cytokine induced killer ）效应细胞与靶细胞共孵育4 h的细胞毒效应随效靶比增加而升高。结论：建立和优化了Calcein-AM荧光染料标记靶细胞检测细胞毒效应的方法,该方法可避免放射性试剂的应用,对细胞毒性低,准确性高。     

HPLC法测定珍珠菜提取物中芦丁的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定珍珠菜提取物中芦丁含量.方法 色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(4.6mm×250mm);流动相为甲醇-0.4%冰醋酸-四氢呋喃(30∶60∶10);流速1.0ml/min;检测波长355nm.结果 提取物中芦丁的保留时间为25.4min,色谱峰分离良好,对照品芦丁线性范围为1.0312～30.936靏/ml(r=0.9994,n=5),方法回收率为100.1%,RSD为1.03%.结论 该法可用于珍珠菜提取物中芦丁的含量测定,可以用来对提取物进行质量控制.     

高效液相色谱分析红细胞膜磷脂各组分

目的探讨红细胞膜磷脂组分的高效液相测定方法。方法选用 Sｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂ硅胶色谱柱,流动相为乙腈－甲醇－８５％磷酸（１００：１０：１.８Ｖ／Ｖ／Ｖ）,波长２０３ｎｍ。结果４分钟内完全分离膜的四种磷脂组分磷脂酰丝氨酸（ＰＳ）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（ＰＥ）、磷脂酰胆碱（ＰＣ）和神经鞘磷脂（ＳＭ）,最低检出限为１μｇ／ｍｌ,至少在４μｇ－２０００μｇ／ｍｌ范围内标准品浓度与峰面积积分值呈线性关系,ＰＳ、ＰＥ、ＰＣ、ＳＭ的回收率分别为９８.１±２.３％、９９．８±０.７％、９９.４±１.８％、９０．６±２．２％。结论本法适于临床检测和科研探索。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的盐酸替扎尼定含量

目的 :建立用高效液相色谱法快速检测盐酸替扎尼定血药浓度的方法。方法 :取血浆加 1mol·L 1NaOH ,混匀 ,加氯仿提取吹干 ,用流动相复溶进样 ;色谱柱SUNTEKR KromasilC1 85u粒径 ,1 5 0× 4.6mmID ;色谱条件 :A :乙睛 =1 0 0∶2 5 (A :水 -甲酸 -氨水 (2 8% ) =1 0 0∶5∶1 0 (V/V ,pH 8.5 0 ) ) ;流速 1 .0mL·min 1;紫外检测波长 3 1 8nm ,内标物为雷尼替丁。结果 :盐酸替扎尼定的保留时间为 6.9min ,雷尼替丁的保留时间为 8.2min ,检测的线性范围 0 .3 867～ 49.5 0 0 0ng·mL 1(r =0 .9982 )方法回收率大于 90 .78% (n =5 )日…     

PVC/PE液体复合硬片中HDI单体残留量考察

目的:检测样品中使用的粘合剂中HDI单体残留量。方法:样品提取后,与1,2-吡啶哌嗪溶液衍生化后采用反相高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱:Waers Xterra(C184.6×250 mm5μm;流动相:乙腈-水-冰醋酸(58∶42∶0.15)用三乙胺调节pH至4.0;流速:0.9 ml.min-1;柱温:35℃;检测波长:310nm。结果:线性范围0~0.8208μg.ml-1(r=0.9998,n=7);精密度:0.4%;阴性回收率平均值:99.88%。结论:本方法专属性强、灵敏度高、准确、可靠、简便,可用于HDI残留量检测。     

高效液相色谱——质谱联用技术在中药虎杖成分分析中的应用

目的 探讨高效液相色谱--质谱联用技术在中药虎杖成分分析中的应用效果.方法 选用ZORBAX XDB-C18柱为分析柱,流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(纯水)=88∶12,流量为200uL/min;质谱条件选用气动辅助电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测方式为负离子多离子反应检测(MRM);PCP标准曲线线形范围为0.1-100ug/L.结果 对每个谱峰的多级碎片进行解析,对比对照品的裂解规律,综合紫外(UV)数据、保留时间及参考文献,共鉴别出了中药虎杖中的10个化学成分.结论 高效液相色谱--质谱联用技术用于中药虎杖成分分析,具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏、特异的优点,值得在药物分析研究中应用和推广.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中的5-羟色胺

建立了一种简便、快速测定血清中5-羟色胺的反相高效液相分析方法。采用的色谱柱为Bondapak C18不锈钢柱(5μm,250mm×4.6mmi.d.),流动相为:甲醇—水—乙酸(70:30:0.1 V/V),流速:1ml/min,荧光监测器,激发波长278nm,发射波长333 nm。结果表明:该方法线性关系良好(r=0.99992),5-羟色胺测定的线性范围为0.10~2.00μg/mL,最低检测限为0.02μg/mL(S/N=3)。5-羟色胺在血清样品中的加标回收率为92.37%~100.12%。该测定方法结果准确,可用于临床研究。     

不同HPLC测定方法测定氨磷汀及其相关物质的比较

目的 比较中国卫生部及美国药典(USP35)颁布的氨磷汀及其相关物质的高效液相(HPLC)测定方法.方法 美国药典USP35测定方法采用C8色谱柱,流动相采用7∶18(甲醇∶0.94g/L己烷磺酸)溶液,检测波长为220nm,流速1.0mL/min;中国卫生部的标准采用C18色谱柱,流动相采用1∶1(甲醇∶3.5mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠)溶液,检测波长均为220nm,流速0.7 mL/min.结果 两种方法检测氨磷汀及相关物质都符合对杂质的要求.结论 美国药典USP35的检测方法对氨磷汀及相关物质检测的质量控制更好.     

浅谈高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量

目的 用高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量.方法 采用Kromsil C18反相色谱分离柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈(90∶10),检测波长为270nm,流速为0.75ml/min,并且加入维生素A和维生素E进行干扰试验.结果 维生素D2、D3在0.8～98mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,维生素A和维生素E不干扰测定.结论 本方法对于测定片剂中的维生素D2和维生素D3具有简单,易于操作,分离效果好,结果准确的优点,适宜推广使用.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.