早期乳腺癌病人保乳手术标本病理切缘评价临床价值研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术标本病理切缘评价的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2013-01-01-2017-12-31北京大学第一医院乳腺疾病中心接受保乳手术的早期乳腺癌病人资料,探讨病理切缘范围与预后的关系,以及术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理对于保乳手术切缘评价的一致性。结果 共474例保乳病例纳入研究,总体复发转移发生率为3.4%,局部复发率（LRR）1.5%,5年无病存活率（DFS）95.7%,5年总存活率（OS）96.8%。术后石蜡与术中冰冻病理学检查对于保乳切缘评价的符合率为100%,首次切缘阳性与阴性相比,局部复发率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.371,P=0.242）。切缘阴性病人不同切缘宽度的无病存活率和总存活率差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.123,P=0.726;χ2=0.077,P=0.781）,局部复发率差异也无统计学意义（χ2=1.808,P=0.613）。结论 术中冰冻与术后石蜡病理学检查评价保乳手术切缘符合率高,不同宽度阴性切缘病人的无病存活率和局部复发率差异无统计学意义。     

乳腺癌保乳手术切缘问题

尽管外科医生普遍认为保乳手术切缘应该是没有肿瘤细胞的干净切缘,而肿瘤残留将可能增加局部复发概率,甚至增加病死率;但是由于保乳手术在各个国家地区的做法不同及切缘评估方法的差异,至今无保乳手术中有关安全切缘宽度的共识或指南。保乳手术应该保证切缘无瘤,否则肿瘤的残留将使得一个根治性的手术人为转变成为姑息手术及活检手术;将随后的辅助治疗人为转变成为解救治疗。     

乳腺癌保乳手术切除范围的探讨

目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳手术的局部切除范围.方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院乳腺外科、镇江市人民医院乳腺外科和常州市中医医院行保乳手术的275例连续病例,所有患者均按统一的手术步骤操作,并采用相同的术后辅助治疗,定期随访患者局部和全身情况.结果 271例患者获得随访,随访率98.5％.随访时间1个月～9年9个月,中位随访34个月.2例局部复发,6例发生远处转移死亡.患者1年、3年、5年总生存率分别为99.5％、98.1％、95.7％.结论 切除肿瘤周围1 cm乳腺组织,冰冻切片证实边缘无肿瘤浸润,术后辅助化疗、内分泌治疗及放疗,手术是安全的,有益于提高患者生存质量.以钼靶片结合体检确定有无多中心、多灶性病变是安全、有效的.     

影响乳腺癌保乳手术切缘阳性多因素分析

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术切缘阳性与多因素的关系。方法2003年7月至2004年12月对112例原发性乳腺癌行保乳手术。0期9例，Ⅰ期51例，Ⅱ期50例，Ⅲ期2例，采用单因素和多因素分析切缘阳性与临床病理因素的关系。结果单因素分析，手术术式、乳腺X线片微钙化范围、组织学分级及EIC是影响切缘阳性与否的重要因素（P〈0、05）。多因素分析，影响切缘阳性的因素依次为：手术术式；组织学分级；广泛导管内癌成分（EIC），微钙化范围。结论乳腺癌保乳手术前，常规高质量乳房X线（如全数字化钼铑双靶）检查和切缘距病灶≥1cm对防止切缘阳性有重要意义。环行连续切取切缘及近肿瘤缘至少两张切片病理检查能有效预防切缘的假阴性。     

影响乳腺癌患者保乳手术边缘阳性因素的临床研究

目的探讨乳腺癌的临床病理学特征对保乳手术边缘阳性的影响。方法189例预行保乳手术术(BCT)的原发性乳腺癌患者,分析她们的临床特征(年龄,活检类型)和病理学特征(肿瘤大小,组织学类型,激素受体状态,HER2状态,和腋窝淋巴结状态)与阳性手术边缘的关系。结果189例患者中本组室心针肿脾物案例活检确诊79例,门诊或手术中切除活检确诊128例。61例手术边缘阳性(32.3%)。结论本研究的结果揭示:肿瘤直径大于2cm,腋窝淋巴结阳性PR阳性和年龄小于50岁是乳癌保乳手术边缘阳性的高危因素对1999年1月～2004年7月189例乳腺癌患者按受保乳手术进行回顾性分析,并总结手术切口边保阳性与临床特征病理案组但表现及激素受体状态的关系。     

美国《Ⅰ、Ⅱ期浸润性乳腺癌保乳手术的切缘指南》要点解读

2014年2—3月,外科肿瘤学会（Society of Surgical Oncology,SSO）和美国放射肿瘤学会（American Society for Radiation Oncology,ASTRO）颁布了由多学科领域专家共同制定的《Ⅰ、Ⅱ期浸润性乳腺癌保乳手术的切缘指南》。指南基于荟萃分析结果,提出在多学科合作治疗中,“切缘无肿瘤累及”可作为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期浸润性乳腺癌的安全手术切缘标准,临床上通常采用的比无瘤切缘更广泛的切缘并无必要。     

保乳手术评价边缘的方法

自从保乳手术加术后辅助放射治疗成为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期乳腺癌的备选治疗方案以来,切除标本的边缘病理评价就成为手术成功的重要因素。边缘阳性与边缘阴性相比,无论术后放疗与否都将会使局部复发率明显提高3．8％～35．4％。     

保乳手术相关问题

<正>自从1973年Fisher进行NSABPB-06试验研究保乳手术的可行性以来,在西方发达国家以保乳手术替代改良根治术作为早期乳腺癌的标准术式已成为趋势。荟萃分析显示,保乳手术5年、10年和20年的总生存率与改良根治术无统计学差异,5年、15年和20年的局部复发率也无差异[1]。     

乳腺癌保乳手术的体会

目的　总结和探讨乳腺癌保乳手术保持乳房良好外形 ,在术前、术中和术后应注意的问题。方法　 3 7例患者接受了乳腺癌保乳手术。术后从乳头外观、双乳头水平差距、双乳头距同侧腋前线垂直距离之差距和瘢痕对乳房外形影响等四个方面的量化标准 ,评估保留乳房的外形美观效果。四项指标积分≥ 2 1分为优 ,13～ 2 0分为良 ,<13分为差。结果　术后保留乳房外形优良者 3 0例 ( 81.1% ) ,乳房外形较差者 7例 ( 18.9% )。常见问题是因切口瘢痕致乳房变形、乳头歪斜、乳头不自然挺立 ,以及与对侧乳头水平高度差距明显。结论　术前认真设计手术切口、术中注意术区皮瓣和保留乳腺组织的彻底游离以及切除、缝合技巧 ,术后切口包扎时注意避免压迫乳头等 ,将有助于保持保留乳房的外形美观效果     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术52例分析

目的评估早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的疗效。方法2000年3月～2005年9月，我院对52例Ⅰ期及部分Ⅱ期（肿瘤≤3cm，单发病灶）乳腺癌行局部广泛切除术，全腋窝淋巴结清扫术联合术后放疗，并辅以化疗（CMF或CEF方案）、内分泌治疗（口服三苯氧胺）。结果术后病理提示个切缘无癌细胞浸润。美容效果优良率达86．5％（45／52）。50例随访10～36个月（中位时间16个月），未见局部复发与远处转移。结论选择部分Ⅰ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌病例行保乳手术治疗，乳房外形及临床疗效满意，而且可以提高生活质量。     

A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study of a real-time, intraoperative probe for positive margin detection in breast-conserving surgery

BACKGROUND: This randomized, double-arm trial was designed to study the benefit of a novel device (MarginProbe, Dune Medical Devices, Caesarea, Israel) in intraoperative margin assessment for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and the associated reduction in reoperations. METHODS: In the device group, the probe was applied to the lumpectomy specimen and additional tissue was excised according to device readings. Study arms were compared by reoperation rates and by correct surgical reaction confirmed by histology. RESULTS: Three hundred patients were enrolled. Device use was associated with improved correct surgical reaction, defined as additional re-excision in all histologically detected positive margins, with tumor within 1 mm of inked margin. The repeat lumpectomy rate was significantly reduced by 56% in the device arm: 5.6% versus 12.7% in the control arm. There were no differences in excised tissue volume or cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative use of the MarginProbe for positive margin detection is safe and effective in BCS and decreases the rate of repeat operations.     

保乳手术治疗高龄乳腺癌患者的临床分析

目的:探讨保乳手术治疗早期高龄乳腺癌患者的临床效果。方法:筛选114例早期高龄(≥60岁)乳腺癌患者,随机分为乳腺癌局部扩大泛切除术组,即保乳手术组(57例)和传统乳腺癌根治术组(57例),分析比较两组的围手术期观察指标和临床疗效。结果:保乳手术围手术期的出血量和总引流量少,引流管拔除时间短,与传统手术组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);保乳手术组美容效果优良率为94.74%,远高于传统手术组(3.51%);保乳手术组与传统手术组在局部复发率、远处转移率和生存率等方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:保乳手术联合术后辅助治疗,对老年乳腺癌患者机体损伤小、恢复快,可满足患者的美学要求,因此,保乳手术联合术后辅助治疗的方案可在早期老年乳腺癌患者中推广。     

肿瘤大小对保留乳房手术后美容效果的影响

目的探讨肿瘤大小对保乳术后美容效果的影响。方法对1999年9月至2005年9月，肿瘤大小明确的170例保乳患者美容效果进行评价。结果术后患者美容效果满意率为84％（143／170）。当肿瘤直径大小〉3cm时，美容效果满意率为45．5％：肿瘤直径大小≤3cm时，满意率为86．8％。二者具有明显的统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论肿瘤大小是影响术后美容效果的重要因素。     

经乳晕保乳手术联合常规腋窝淋巴结清扫治疗乳腺癌

目的探讨经乳晕或乳腔镜辅助保乳手术联合常规腋窝淋巴结清扫治疗乳腺癌的效果. 方法 2001年8月～2003年11月,对19例直径<2 cm、距离乳头>2 cm的乳腺癌经乳晕或乳腔镜辅助行保乳手术,腋窝脂肪溶解抽吸后常规开放性腋窝淋巴结清扫. 结果 1例术中冰冻病理报告一侧切缘镜下癌残留,经扩大切除后转阴.术后2例乳房创面皮下积液,抽洗加压包扎消失.保留的乳房形态良好,伤口小而隐蔽,所有患者对手术效果满意.术后随访2～19个月,平均10.6月,未见乳腺和腋窝肿瘤复发. 结论经乳晕或乳腔镜辅助下,借助乳腔镜器械可以方便地完成乳腺癌保乳手术,联合常规腋窝淋巴结清扫,手术效果肯定.     

The influence of additional surgical margins on the total specimen volume excised and the reoperative rate after breast-conserving surgery

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the additional removal of breast tissue during breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for breast cancer beyond the standard lumpectomy reduces the incidence of inadequate microscopic margins found at pathological examination and subsequent reoperation. This study compares the reoperative rates after initial BCT in 3 groups of patients who underwent lumpectomy with complete resection of 4 to 6 additional margins, lumpectomy with selective resection of 1 to 3 additional margins, or standard lumpectomy. METHODS: Retrospective data were reviewed from 171 selected cases of BCT, from May 2000 to February 2006. Forty-five cases involved lumpectomy with complete resection of 4 to 6 additional margins; 77 involved lumpectomy with selective resection of 1 to 3 additional margins, whereas 49 involved standard lumpectomy. All samples underwent pathologic analysis of inked resection margins by permanent section. The 3 groups were compared for patient demographics, tumor size and histologic subtype, tumor stage, margin status, excised specimen volume, and eventual subsequent reoperation. Adequate surgical margin was defined as any negative margin greater than 2 mm. RESULTS: The group with complete resection of 4 to 6 additional margins had a subsequent reoperation rate of 17.7%, whereas the group with selective resection of 1 to 3 additional margins and the standard lumpectomy group had a subsequent reoperation rate of 32.5% and 38.7%, respectively, because of inadequate margins. The mean total excised specimen volume in the 3 groups was 129.19, 46.04, and 37.44 cm3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The complete resection of 4 to 6 additional margins during the initial BCT resulted in the lowest subsequent reoperation rate, and the largest total volume specimen excised among the 3 techniques studied.     

Role of re-excision for positive and close resection margins in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery

PurposeTo evaluate the incidence of residual disease after additional surgery for positive/close margins and the impact on the rate of local and distant recurrence.MethodsA retrospective analysis on 1339 patients treated for breast cancer with breast conserving-surgery and radiotherapy at a single Institution between 2000 and 2009 was performed.ResultsDuring primary surgery 526 patients (39.3%) underwent intraoperative re-excision. At the final pathological report, the margins were positive in 132 patients (9.9%) and close in 85 (6.3%). To obtain clear margins, 142 of these women underwent a second surgery; 35 patients with positive margins (27%) and 40 with close margins (47%) did not receive additional surgery because of different reasons (patients refusal, old age, comorbidity or for focal margin involvement). At second surgery, residual disease was found in 62.9% of patients with positive margins and in 55.5% of those with close margins. At a median follow-up time of 4 years, local recurrence (LR) rate was 2.9% for patients with clear margins, 5.2% (p = 0.67) for patients with unresected close margins and 11.7% (p = 0.003) for those with unresected positive margins. The HER-2 and the basal-like subtypes had the higher rate of LR and the luminal A the lowest.ConclusionsA significantly higher LR rate was found only among patients with positive margins not receiving additional surgery, but not in those with unresected close margins. Positive margins are a strong predictor for LR and need re-excision that can be avoided for close margins.     

乳腺癌门诊误切后保乳手术的选择

目的探讨乳腺癌在门诊作为良性肿瘤诊误切后保乳手术的可行性。方法对我院2003年1月～2006年1月乳腺癌门诊误切后施行保乳手术的14例病人进行总结分析。肿瘤直径在1～2cm,平均1.5cm。术前腋窝淋巴结均无扪及,术中哨兵淋巴结冰冻检查有3例转移。结果14例中施行保乳手术11例,术后均无发生并发症,平均7天出院,随访3～34个月无肿瘤复发。结论门诊误切后的乳腺癌多为早期患者,故保乳手术是其较佳的治疗选择。     

110例乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的临床观察

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术的临床疗效。方法对我院2002年1月-2008年12月收治的110例乳腺癌保乳手术患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果110例患者术后均恢复良好,随访半年～6年,无一例死亡,无一例局部复发,出现肝及肺转移2例,保乳手术后患者美容效果满意率为83．6％。结论掌握乳腺癌患者保乳的手术指征结合术后的综合治疗,可降低乳腺癌保乳术后局部复发,并取得满意的美容效果。