湖水源水微污染处理试验研究

湖水源受到污染,自来水出现异味。投加高锰酸钾、折点加氯未能消除。经臭氧氧化、颗粒活性炭吸附处理,可有效去除异味,同时降低COD、UV254吸光值。经臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附处理,每吨水的制水成本增加0．24元。     

臭氧氧化法再生活性炭的研究

研究了利用臭氧氧化法再生吸附了对硝基苯酚的活性炭。实验结果表明，臭氧氧化法对活性炭有着较好的再生能力，但活性炭的吸附饱和程度对其再生效率有着重要的影响。当活性炭的吸附量比较小时，臭氧氧化法对其有着很好的再生效率；而当其吸附饱和程度较高时，臭氧对其的吸附能力几乎无法再生。臭氧对活性炭的再生效率与活性炭的干燥与否无关。臭氧氧化再生活性炭有一个较佳的处理时间，在本实验条件下只需10min即可，延长处理时间不会提高活性炭的吸附能力。     

吸附-臭氧氧化法去除选矿药剂乙硫氮及COD的实验研究

采用臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附、吸附-臭氧氧化法处理乙硫氮模拟废水,结果表明,(1)对于乙硫氮和对应COD的去除,臭氧的投加量(低于3.00 g/h)与之成正相关关系,活性炭的粒径则与之相反(当≥60目时的去除率可达到70.1%和70.8%,较≤20目对应的去除率高出40.2%和41.5%),同时pH值则表现出影响不明显的效果;(2)乙硫氮在初始浓度为400 mg/L,初始pH为7.8,臭氧、活性炭投加量分别为3.00 g/h、1.50 g/L,反应50 min时,吸附-臭氧氧化法对乙硫氮和COD的去除率分别为99.8%,80.7%,较单独活性炭处理提升29.7%,9.9%,其中COD去除率较单独臭氧处理提升31.2%;(3)整体上,对乙硫氮的去除效果表现为吸附-臭氧氧化>臭氧氧化>活性炭吸附,同时COD去除效果表现为吸附-臭氧氧化>活性炭吸附>臭氧氧化。由此可见,吸附-臭氧氧化法可实现对乙硫氮及COD的有效同步去除。     

活性炭吸附耦合臭氧催化氧化去除冷轧生化出水有机物研究

冷轧废水具有污染物成分复杂、可生化性差等特点,且经生化处理后的出水仍存在多种污染物如酯类、苯系物、酚类等,无法实现达标排放,出水仍需进一步处理。活性炭具有比表面积大、吸附性能优等特点,能够吸附废水中的残留污染物,且由于其表面存在大量的基团,有助于臭氧催化氧化的发生。本研究比较了五种活性炭的吸附性能并通过活性炭耦合臭氧催化氧化去除冷轧生化出水中有机物,表明活性炭耦合臭氧催化氧化对冷轧生化出水中有机物的去除具有提升效果,且去除效果可能与活性炭的性质相关。     

臭氧氧化-活性炭吸附法深度处理印钞废水

试验采用臭氧氧化-活性炭吸附法深度处理C市印钞厂污水处理站生化出水,分别探究了臭氧氧化过程中臭氧产量、氧化时间、p H和活性炭吸附过程中活性炭投加量、吸附时间、p H对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,按照本试验方法不调节原水p H,在臭氧产量为6.5 g/h(即体积分数为30%),氧化时间为30 min;活性炭投加量为1 g,吸附时间为60 min的条件下,深度处理出水可达标直排。     

污水处理厂提标改造工程深度处理方案

武汉某污水处理厂提标改造工程,将出水水质由现状一级A标准提升至接近地表Ⅲ类水标准(TN≤10 mg/L),经复核,采用"强化现状处理设施处理功能+新建深度处理单元"的方案。根据案例分析:深度脱氮单元采用反硝化深床滤池或MBR工艺;深度降解COD单元采用臭氧接触氧化工艺或活性炭吸附工艺。通过对"反硝化深床滤池工艺+臭氧接触氧化工艺"、"反硝化深床滤池工艺+活性炭吸附工艺"、"MBR工艺+臭氧接触氧化工艺和MBR工艺+活性炭吸附工艺"4种方案的技术经济比选,提标改造工程深度处理方案推荐采用"反硝化深床滤池工艺+臭氧接触氧化工艺"。工程中各方案在相同边界条件下平行设计,各深度处理构筑物的设计和工艺比选可为其他类似工程提供参考。     

臭氧、活性炭接触氧化法对被污染水源的深度处理

目前国内外较多采用活性炭吸附与臭氧氧化法对污染的饮用水源进行深度处理。但活性炭吸附,成本较高,再生困难。臭氧是强氧化剂,具有强烈的杀菌,杀病毒,除色、嗅、味,以及去除各种有害有毒物质的特点。我们采用臭氧活性炭接触氧化法对抚     

臭氧催化-吸附联用处理煤化工高盐废水COD研究

为解决煤化工高盐废水COD去除率低带来的蒸发结晶杂盐率高,危废处理费用高的难题,考察了臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺对煤化工高盐废水COD的去除效果。对二次反渗透浓盐水开展臭氧催化氧化试验,对其出水开展活性炭吸附试验,最后在最佳工艺下开展臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺连续试验。结果表明：臭氧催化氧化试验最佳参数：催化剂投加量700 mg/L,臭氧气体浓度300 mg/L,臭氧通气量1.5 L/min;活性炭吸附试验最佳参数：活性炭投加量80 g/L,吸附时间60 min;在最佳工艺参数下开展耦合工艺100 h连续试验,结果表明：COD去除率稳定在78%～80%,出水COD的质量浓度稳定在80～90 mg/L,臭氧催化氧化-活性炭吸附耦合工艺对高盐废水COD去除效果明显。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对化工污水深度处理方法的研究

本研究采用臭氧一生物活性炭工艺深度处理化工污水,并对其的作用机理进行详细论述,探讨了化工污水深度处理的工艺流程,考察了影响此工艺对化工污水的处理效果的因素。结果表明：臭氧一生物活性炭工艺主要是利用臭氧化学氧化、活性炭物理吸附和微生物氧化降解的原理。水温、处理水量、臭氧投加量等都对工艺的去除效果产生影响。     

臭氧-粉末活性炭对染料废水深度处理的研究

以某家印染厂的染料废水为来源,经初步混凝、生化沉淀的一体化装置处理后,先投加臭氧氧化难降解有机物,再以粉末活性炭进行吸附,可有效降低染料废水的色度和COD值。通过实验,确定了臭氧-粉末活性炭联合深度处理的最佳反应时间,研究了不同臭氧投加量、粉末活性炭投加量、p H值对于此种染料废水的色度及COD去除率的影响。     

Combined Use of Ozone and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Potable Water Treatment; Effects on GAC Quality After Reactivation

Common processes in potable water treatment regarding dissolved organics removal (natural organic matter, NOM, and organic micropollutants, OMP) include oxidation techniques – like ozonation -and adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC). This paper deals with combined ozonation and GAC filtration. Effects on water quality are discussed: partial oxidation of dissolved organics by ozone, leading to changing adsorption behavior and enhanced biodegradation in GAC columns. Special emphasis is laid on long term effects of ozone on GAC quality after several thermal reactivations. Long term experience indicates that ozonation prior to GAC filtration, leading to moderate ozone concentrations in the GAC influent, does not influence GAC quality negatively, even after more than ten reactivation cycles.     

A comparison between catalytic ozonation and activated carbon adsorption/ozone-regeneration processes for wastewater treatment

Two methods based on the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) and ozone to remove organic compounds from water have been investigated. Both methods have been applied to degrade an aqueous solution of gallic acid and a secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). One of the methods, namely catalytic ozonation, implies simultaneous ozonation and adsorption onto GAC. This process takes advantage of the oxidizing power of ozone and the adsorption capacity of GAC but also of the catalytic transformation of ozone into secondary oxidants on the GAC surface. The efficiency of catalytic ozonation was compared to those of single adsorption and single ozonation. It was found that the catalytic process highly improves the conversion of total organic carbon (TOC) and makes a more efficient use of ozone than the single ozonation process. To illustrate the reusability of the catalyst, the GAC was reused four times through a series of consecutive experiments. No loss of catalytic activity was observed when treating the WWTP effluent but some deactivation could be appreciated when treating the aqueous solution of gallic acid. This deactivation could be attributed to some porosity destruction and surface oxidation produced as a result of reactions of aqueous ozone on the GAC surface. The other method investigated is an adsorption-regeneration process (namely GAC/O₃-regeneration) that comprises two steps: dynamic adsorption onto GAC and further regeneration of the spent GAC with gaseous ozone. The adsorption stage of the GAC/O₃-regeneration experiments was carried out in a continuous flow adsorption column and breakthrough curves were obtained. It was observed that the GAC used in this work adsorbed gallic acid very efficiently but exhibited limited capacity to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the WWTP effluent. The optimum ozone dose to regenerate the spent GAC after gallic acid adsorption was found to be about 0.4 g O₃/g GAC, with results showing around 90% regeneration efficiency. As a result of incomplete regeneration, the GAC adsorption capacity progressively decreased with the number of adsorption–regeneration cycles. The GAC/O₃-regeneration method was not successful at treating the WWTP effluent as low adsorption uptake was observed. Moreover, the GAC became damaged after regeneration because of excessive oxidation of its surface.     

含酚废水处理的吸附和臭氧氧化动力学模型

A three phase fluidized bed reactor was used to investigate the combined effect of adsorption and oxidation for phenolic wastewater treatment.Aqueous solutions containing 10 mg·L 1of phenol and ozone were continuously fed co-currently as upward flow into the reactor at constant flow rate of 2 and 1 L·min1,respectively.The phenolic treatment results in seven cases were compared:(a)O3 only,(b)fresh granular activated carbon(GAC),(c) 1st reused GAC,(d)2nd reused GAC,(e)fresh GAC enhanced with O3,(f)1st reused GAC enhanced with O3,and (g)2nd reused GAC enhanced with O3.The phenolic wastewater was re-circulated through the reactor and its concentration was measured with respect to time.The experimental results revealed that the phenolic degradation using GAC enhanced with O3 provided the best result.The effect of adsorption by activated carbon was stronger than the effect of oxidation by ozone.Fresh GAC could adsorb phenol better than reused GAC.All cases of adsorption on GAC followed the Langmuir isotherm and displayed pseudo second order adsorption kinetics.Finally,a differential equation for the fluidized bed reactor model was used to describe the phenol concentration with respect to time for GAC enhanced with O3.The calculated results agree reasonably well with the experimental results.     

Rationales for Multiple Stage Ozonation in Drinking Water Treatment Plants

Starting in the early 1970s, the application of ozone for drinking water treatment began to evolve from primarily single-purpose, single-stage use for disinfection, taste and odor control or iron and manganese oxidation, to multipurpose uses of ozone. As a result, most of the newer drinking water treatment plants have installed two- and even three-stages of ozonation. in order to maximize the technological benefits of ozone and to minimize the costs involved.     

镇江市饮用水有机物分子量分布特性的研究

研究分析了镇江市原水、净水工艺和管网水中有机物分子量分布的变化特性.试验结果表明：原水水质较好,溶解性有机物含量维持在1.4～2.8mg/L之间,小分子有机物占溶解性有机物的主要部分;与常规处理相比,臭氧活性炭深度处理能有效提高DOC和UV254的去除效果;各个处理流程对大于1000分子量区间的有机物去除效果较好;氯和臭氧氧化能使有机物由高分子量区间向低分子量区间推移.     

Removal efficiencies of endocrine disrupting chemicals by coagulation/flocculation, ozonation, powdered/granular activated carbon adsorption, and chlorination

Removal efficiencies of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A and nonylphenol, during various types of water treatment processes were evaluated extensively using laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments. The specific processes of interest were coagulation/flocculation sedimentation/filtration (conventional water treatment process), powdered activated carbon (PAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), ozonation and chlorination. Batch sorption tests, coagulation tests, and ozone oxidation tests were also performed at higher concentrations with 14 EDCs including bisphenol A. The conventional water treatment process had very low removal efficiencies (0 to 7%) for all the EDCs except DEHP, DBP and DEP that were removed by 53%, 49%, and 46%, respectively. Ozonation at 1 mgO₃/ L removed 60% of bisphenol A and 89% of nonylphenol, while chlorination at 1 mg/L removed 58% and 5%, respectively. When ozone and chlorine doses were 4 and 5 mg/L, respectively, both EDCs were not detected. PAC removal efficiencies ranged from 15% to 40% at 3 to 10 mg/L of PAC with a contact time of 15 minutes. In the high concentration batch sorption tests, EDC removal efficiencies by PAC were closely related to octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow). GAC adsorption was very effective water treatment process. The type and service time of GAC did not affect EDC removal efficiencies. The combination of ozonation and GAC in series appears to remove EDCs effectively to safe levels while conventional water treatment could not.     

Advanced oxidant reactivity pertaining to granular activated carbon beds for air pollution control

The Pennsylvania State University is researching an advanced oxidation system, which includes an air-phase photolytic chamber, an air/water stripping tower, and granular activated carbon (GAC) beds, for controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs).A laboratory-scale experimental procedure has been employed that simulated certain aspects of several full-scale installations. The apparatus has been used to characterize the loading capacity and mass transfer zone of selected VOCs on coconut shell GAC. The GAC bed has then been placed in series with an ultraviolet reactor, which generates ozone and advanced oxidants in order to regenerate the loaded GAC at intensities of advanced oxidants that were higher than full-scale installations.VOC loading tests revealed that the adsorption of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was characterized by a well-defined mass transfer zone. Upon exposure to UV/O₃, desorption and/or destruction of the MIBK and other VOCs occurred most prominently within the first inch of the GAC bed. This correlated with the penetration of advanced oxidants into the GAC bed, which also occurred most significantly in the bed's first inch. However, the amount of oxidant penetration increased with time. The removal of oxidants from air by GAC was accompanied by a decrease in mass of the GAC. The ability of oxidants to penetrate a GAC bed was altered when the bed was loaded with a VOC.     

The Application of Ozone for Water Treatment In The United Kingdom — Current Practive and Recent Research

Only two water works in the UK apply ozone at present as part of their treatment, onefor taste and odor control and theother forcolor removal. Forthetwo applicationus ozone was the most economical option at thetime theplants were installed andozone has been successful for the purpose for which it was designed.     

Pilot Testing Of Trace Metals Removal With Ozone At Snowbird Ski Resort

A pilot study at the Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah evaluated feasibility of ozonation replacing chlorine and sulfur dioxide for oxidation of iron and manganese in groundwater. Ozonation also was tested for the removal of lead and cadmium, occurring at concentrations exceeding drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels. An ozone dose of 2 mg/L, contacted with the water for 1 minute prior to filtration, was selected as optimum for iron and manganese removal from 0.4 mg/L and 40 μg/L, respectively, to below detection limits. Lead, copper, and arsenic also were removed to below detection limits. The removal of cadmium and zinc improved when ozone was contacted for 10 minutes. With metals removal through ozonation and filtration, taste and odor enhancement also were reported.     

用空气代替臭氧处理微污染水

在O3＋GAC微污染水原水的深度处理工艺中,O3是一种强氧化剂,并能向水中提供溶解氧,有利于生物净化作用。当水中的COD。含量较低时,用空气代替臭氧可以得到同样的处理效果。