实行质量效益工资制，提高公司经济效益

实行质量效益工资制符合按劳分配、按贡献分配的要求，能够极大地调动员工开展质量攻关、技术攻关、成本核算的积极性，可全面降低成本及费用，提高产品质量。     

文摘天地

98831化纤加捻新品整经效率攻关／卫晓红，李民忠／江苏丝绸，1998，NO．1，1－660台双喷加强型喷水织机配一台分条整经机，生产能力不平衡，因而如何提高化纤加捻新品的整经效率成为当务之急，企业组织QC小组进行攻关，取得了良好经济效益。文章介绍了这一成功经验。98832真丝     

棉纺镀铬钢领应用实践

镀铬钢领的应用已好多年了，但由于镀铬钢领上机走熟期过长这一难点而影响了在纺纱工艺上的推广、应用。我厂于１９９４年初成立攻关小组，对镀铬钢领的应用进行攻关。通过实践，使镀铬钢领在我厂的使用面达到了８５％以上，品种涉及纯棉精梳、普梳，混纺，化纤；号数最细...     

“十一五”国家科技专项加大对农产品加工的倾斜

《食品与发酵工业》讯，今年初科技部等部门在北京召开了“十一五”重大科技专项“农产品深加工技术与装备研究开发”验收会。“十五”专项采取以企业为主体、联合科研单位和高校共同攻关的新模式，紧紧围绕国家“十五”国民经济和社会发展及制约和我国农产品加工产业发展的战略性、前瞻性和重大产业共性关键技术问题开展攻关研究与产业化开发，在粮油、果蔬、畜禽、水产、林产加工与装备、标准和检测领域取得了一系列共性关键技术与装备的重大突破，全面按期完成了规定的攻关任务，达到或超过了预定的考核指标。     

提高大豆蛋白纤维弹力纱质量的实践

介绍了大豆蛋白纤维弹力纱特点，经攻关实践，总结了加工该产品所采取的工艺数。     

信息纵横

“十一五”国家科技专项加大对农产品加工的倾斜《食品与发酵工业》讯，今年初科技部等部门在北京召开了“十一五”重大科技专项“农产品深加工技术与装备研究开发”验收会。“十五”专项采取以企业为主体、联合科研单位和高校共同攻关的新模式，紧紧围绕国家“十五”国民经济和社会发展及制约和我国农产品加工产业发展的战略性、前瞻性和重大产业共性关键技术问题开展攻关研究与产业化开发，在粮油、果蔬、畜禽、水产、林产加工与装备、标准和检测领域取得了一系列共性关键技术与装备的重大突破，全面按期完成了规定的攻关任务，达到或超过…     

低负荷下热媒炉经济运行的可行性探讨

介绍了热媒炉工作原理，分析了低负荷下热媒炉经济运行的技术可行性，通过一系列的技术攻关，取得了较好的经济效果。     

烤烟散叶堆积烘烤技术通过国家烟草专卖局组织的鉴定

2002年贵州省烟草公司组织到巴西考察学习，巴西正在研究的散叶烘烤技术，引起了考察人员的极大关注和浓厚兴趣：回国后贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司立即成立课题组，由经理亲自负责，分管经理具体落实，组织烘烤、机电等多学科科技人员组成项目攻关小组，投入专项资金100万元，自行立项进行研究，经项目组三年攻关，完成了《GZ-1型烤烟散叶堆积烤房研制及应用技术研究》项目工作，     

甜菜纸筒育苗高产攻关试验

甜菜是我国制糖工业的主要原料，我市每年甜菜种植面积都在2万公顷左右，多年来在甜菜生产上一直存在单产不高、总产不稳的情况，致使糖厂存在原料不足的问题。如何在有限的土地面积上多产糖，提高甜菜产量，是生产上和科研上亟待解决的问题。甜菜纸筒育菌技术的应用较好地解决了直播甜菜易出现的出苗木齐、田间保苗率低而导致甜菜产量下降这一关键问题。为此，我们于1991～1994年进行了甜菜纸筒育苗高产攻关的试验。在大庆市的大同区、红岗区、让胡路区等十几个试验示范点分别进行了小区对比试验和大面积攻关试验，在攻关试验中由于甜菜纸…     

改革传统管理模式 建立递进式指标体系和指标攻关机制

改革传统管理模式建立递进式指标体系和指标攻关机制○王炳春王化欣招远金矿改进传统管理模式，建立递进式指标体系和指标攻关机制的主要内容是：围绕产量、成本目标，建立全方位、多层次、递进式指标体系，制定相应的配套措施，采取循序渐进、逐步加压的办法，对重点指标...     

Original semiologic standardized evaluation of stratum corneum hydration by Diagnoskin stripping sample

In a normal and healthy skin, the regular elimination of the superficial corneocytes, called desquamation, is a fundamental physiologic process intended to protect the barrier function of the skin. This invisible loss of corneocytes, individually or in small groups, is incessantly compensated by the divisions of the proliferative layer and the upward cellular maturation in order to maintain the harmonious renewal of the epidermis and the integrity of the stratum corneum. The harmony of this desquamation process is intimately conditioned by a sufficient hydration of the stratum corneum: (i) an abnormal desquamation leads to a disruption of the water barrier function and consequently to a dehydration tendency of the stratum corneum, and (ii) a cutaneous dryness (whatever the cause) is able to disturb the desquamation process. Protecting the water content of the stratum corneum has always been a major preoccupation of the cosmetic industry scientists. Consequently, the moisturizing properties of a cosmetic product are objectively measured by various explorations directly targeted on the hydration (corneometry) and on the level of the water barrier function (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements), which depends directly on the skin hydration state. This intimate linkage of the desquamation process and the water content of the stratum corneum enable us to suggest an indirect assessment of the hydration from a direct study of the desquamation by examining a skin-stripping sample (D-Squames) by an optical microscope (linked to a computer). We will describe this already known technique and mainly its new and unpublished semiologic exploitation, named Diagnoskin, whose advantages are its simplicity and its reproducibility particularly interesting in the case of sequential appraisal of dermatologic or cosmetic treatments.     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

Non-destructive analysis of anthocyanins in cherries by means of Lambert-Beer and multivariate regression based on spectroscopy and scatter correction using time-resolved analysis

In high-value sweet cherry (Prunus avium), the red coloration - determined by the anthocyanins content - is correlated with the fruit ripeness stage and market value. Non-destructive spectroscopy has been introduced in practice and may be utilized as a tool to assess the fruit pigments in the supply chain processes. From the fruit spectrum in the visible (Vis) wavelength range, the pigment contents are analyzed separately at their specific absorbance wavelengths.A drawback of the method is the need for re-calibration due to varying optical properties of the fruit tissue. In order to correct for the scattering differences, most often the spectral intensity in the visible spectrum is normalized by wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) range, or pre-processing methods are applied in multivariate calibrations.In the present study, the influence of the fruit scattering properties on the Vis/NIR fruit spectrum were corrected by the effective pathlength in the fruit tissue obtained from time-resolved readings of the distribution of time-of-flight (DTOF). Pigment analysis was carried out according to Lambert-Beer law, considering fruit spectral intensities, effective pathlength, and refractive index. Results were compared to commonly applied linear color and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The approaches were validated on fruits at different ripeness stages, providing variation in the scattering coefficient and refractive index exceeding the calibration sample set.In the validation, the measuring uncertainty of non-destructively analyzing fruits with Vis/NIR spectra by means of PLS or Lambert-Beer in comparison with combined application of Vis/NIR spectroscopy and DTOF measurements showed a dramatic bias reduction as well as enhanced coefficients of determination when using both, the spectral intensities and apparent information on the scattering influence by means of DTOF readings. Corrections for the refractive index did not render improved results.     

Chlorophylls,carotenoids and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of ‘Gala’ apples during maturation and the influence of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium

‘Gala’ apple fruit were sampled over two growing seasons, to determine the effects of maturation, and of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium on pigment concentrations and colour development in maturing fruit. Treatments of urea and/or magnesium sulphate sprays were applied to the trees in a commercial orchard. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin concentrations in the fruit skin were determined for both the blush and back sides over 15 harvests in 1991–1992. In 1990–1991, the skin chlorophyll concentrations were determined only for the back side of the fruit. The fruit nitrogen, magnesium and sulphur concentrations were determined near maturity. The concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in apple skin decreased from the first harvest in 1991–1992 as the fresh weight increased from 12 g, 40 days from flowering to 140 g, 138 days from flowering. Chlorophyll continued to decrease whereas carotenoid concentrations increased after 138 days and until at least 153 days. The average skin chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were higher on the blush side of the fruit than on the back. The total chlorophyll per fruit increased from the first harvest to a peak about 70 days after flowering in 1990–1991 and then decreased over the remainder of the period studied. The time of this peak was about 40 days later in the 1991–1992 season compared with the 1990–1991 season. The total carotenoid increased up to about 50 days after flowering in 1991–1992, fluctuated and then decreased up to 138 days when the amount increased again. The ratio of carotenoids to chlorophylls was highest for the first three harvests, fluctuated somewhat up to c 138 days after flowering after which the ratio increased rapidly. The anthocyanin concentrations were low and fluctuated up to 130 days from flowering and then increased markedly only on the blush side at 130 days, about 14 days before the carotenoids started to increase. The treatment of the tree canopy with urea increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in the fruit skin, 14–20 days after the first application until after maturity, more so on the blush side than on the back side. These increased concentrations were maintained up to the harvest after which carotenoid concentrations increased. The urea treatment lessened the increase of anthocyanin concentrations in the blush side skin of the fruit, at maturity. At maturity, the nitrogen concentration of fruit from urea treated trees was higher than those from untreated trees. The magnesium sulphate treatment of the canopy increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration on the back of the fruit within 20–30 days from commencing spraying. The ‘ground colour’ scores for the back sides of the fruit (used for fruit picking and grading) were greener for the urea treated fruit and reached an acceptable score about two weeks later than the untreated fruit. ©1998 SCI     

Measurement of paralytic shellfish toxins in molluscan extracts: comparison of the microtitre plate saxiphilin and sodium channel radioreceptor assays with mouse bioassay, HPLC analysis and a commercially available cell culture assay

This study compared five methods of measuring paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) including the long-used mouse lethality bioassay, a commercially available cell culture test (MIST ® Quantification kit), HPLC analysis, and two newly developed radioreceptor assays utilizing mammalian sodium channels and saxiphilin. Methods were challenged with toxic shellfish extracts prepared according to the AOAC official method. The best correlations between predicted toxicity values being 0.9 or better, were those between HPLC analysis when compared with both radioreceptor assays and the mouse lethality bioassay, as well as that between the saxiphilin and the sodium channel radioreceptor assays. In all cases, statistically significant correlations existed between the toxicity measurements of the same extracts. The ratios between some methods were not unitary as measured by the slopes of the regression lines used for correlation analyses. HPLC analysis predicted more toxicity than all of the bioassays. The saxiphilin assay underestimated toxicity relative to the mouse bioassay, the MIST ® kit determinations and the sodium channel assay. The sodium channel assay predicted there to be less toxicity than the mouse bioassay and the MIST ® kit. Of all of the techniques used, the MIST ® kit correlation with the mouse bioassay was nearest to one. Each method possesses different virtues and it may be that a multi-method approach would harness the benefits of each method for various aspects of a shellfish testing regime.     

Prediction of worst case migration: presentation of a rigorous methodology

An improvement of the Piringer model, allowing the prediction of a worst case migration from packaging to food is presented here. The authors are proposing other constants for the calculation of the upperbound value of the diffusion coefficient, using experimental data determined by a film to film method. Considering the plasticizing effects of food simulants, a model involving the variation of the diffusion coefficient versus space and time must be used. Future fields of investigation are discussed: the relationship between diffusion coefficients and the volume of the migrant (instead of molar mass), and the variation of diffusion coefficient activation energy with temperature.     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

合理优化并条工艺 减少针织纱细节

为了减少并条工序对成纱细节的影响,分析了并条机的工艺参数设置和工艺配置原则以及运转管理对棉纱细节的影响,针对影响棉纱细节的因素提出优化工艺配置、完善生产管理时应注意合理选择罗拉隔距及前后区牵伸分配、喇叭口直径,压力棒调节环直径以及胶辊直径,同时在生产管理中应减少意外牵伸、加强巡回检查和操作管理工作,从而保证棉条更加均匀、棉纱细节大幅降低。     

A comparison of the lipid compositions of the lipoproteins of the intestinal and popliteal lymph and plasma of sheep

The lipids and lipoproteins of intestinal lymph in the sheep make a contribution to the corresponding fractions in plasma and thence affect lipid compositions in other tissues. As a first step towards assessing this contribution, the lipoproteins of intestinal lymph, peripheral (popliteal lymph) and plasma have been isolated for compositional studies. Popliteal lymph and the plasma were similar in the distributions of lipids among the major lipoprotein fractions with high-density lipoproteins accounting for just over half of the total lipid present. In intestinal lymph, 80 per cent of the total lipid was associated with the very low-density lipoprotein fraction. Whereas triacylglycerols comprised the principal lipid component of the very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein fractions of the intestinal lymph and were present in the high-density lipoprotein fraction, they were present in essence only in the very low-density lipoprotein fraction of popliteal lymph and plasma, where high concentrations of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids were found in all the lipoprotein fractions. The fatty acid compositions of each lipid class were also determined. The most distinctive feature of the results was the distribution of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, among the lipid components. In all lipid classes in each of the body fluids, the concentration of this component was highest in the high-density lipoproteins and lowest in the very low-density lipoproteins. Higher concentrations tended to be present in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine fractions of intestinal lymph than of plasma and popliteal lymph, but the opposite was true of the cholesteryl esters. The results are discussed in terms of the sources of the linoleic acid in the lipids of intestinal lymph of ruminant animals.