试论技术工人是企业经济建设之人才

企业是市场竞争的主体，技术工人是市场竞争的直接参与者，是蓝图产品转化为物质产品的创始人。本文就技术工人在企业中的地位和作用、科技企业、职工成才三方面论述了技术工人是企业经济建设之人才。把技术工人分为四种类型并进一步阐述其特点和作用，有助于人们重新认识技术工人的价值，调整和转变人才观念，对国有企业的改革和发展，具有现实的指导意义。     

建设一支强大的技术工人队伍

本文分析了技术工人在我国社会主义现代化建设中的地位和作用,强调了工人学习生产技能的重要性。简介了发达国家重视技术工人的情况,针对我国“重文凭,轻实践”的倾向,提出了相应对策。     

请为机床行业注入源头活水

近年来，随着机械装备业的崛起，我国已经成为世界机床制造大国，但是仅仅是大而已，为什么不是”机床制造强国”呢？原因有很多，其中很重要的一条就是缺少专业的高级技术工人。有资料显示．目前我国技术工人中，具有中级工职称的仅占35％，高级工更少，占3．5％；而在发达国家．例如技术工人之国——德国．高级工占了工人总数的40％以上。据《人民日报》海外版报道．劳动和社会保障部于2004年对我国40个城市抽样调查显示，技师和高级技师占全部技术工人的比例不到4％，而企业需求的比例是14％以上，供求之间存在较大差距。     

试论技术工人是企业经济建设之人才

企业是市场竞争的主体 ,技术工人是市场竞争的直接参与者 ,是蓝图产品转化为物质产品的创始人。本文就技术工人在企业中的地位和作用、科技兴企、职工成才三方面论述了技术工人是企业经济建设之人才。把技术工人分为四种类型并进一步阐述其特点和作用 ,有助于人们重新认识技术工人的价值 ,调整和转变人才观念 ,对国有企业的改革和发展 ,具有现实的指导意义。     

数控加工生产实例

为了适应各类技术人员和技术工人学习和培训的需要，满足技术工人的自学以及技术学校、职业学校的数控教学之用，化学工业出版社组织编写了《数控加工生产实例》一书。该书面向数控、模具行业的岗位要求。按照模块化模式编写，具有紧贴生产实际、内容简明扼要、图文并茂、通俗易懂的特点。     

我国数控机床操作技工缺口达60多万

从日前举办的第一届全国数控技能大赛闭幕式上了解到的信息，中国数控机床的操作技术工人缺口达60多万，数控编程、数控机床的操作和维护人员更是不足。本次大赛由劳动与社会保障部、教育部、科技部、国防科工委、中华全国总工会、中国机械工业联合会六部委联合举办，旨在培养和选拔能同时掌握数控软件编程和机床操作技术的优秀数控技师及技术工人。     

提高联轴器加工质量的技巧

在普通的机械加工厂，由于加工联轴器数量少，很少使用数控机床及工装，这样一来联轴器的质量就得靠技术工人进行把握。但是由于技术工人技术不熟练、责任心不强等原因，加工出的联轴器不可避免出现这样那样的质量问题，有的成为次品，装配困难；有的成为废品，无法使用。如何能保证加工出的联轴器质量呢？     

《车削刀具技术及应用实例》

本书系统阐述了金属切削加工与刀具技术的基础知识，重点介绍了刀具材料及其合理选用、刀具几何参数的选用及切削用量的选择、切削液的选择与使用方法、车刀及其刃磨技术等基本知识和操作技能；尤其注意从实用角度出发，结合具体加工实例，详细介绍了轴、套类零件的车削加工方法与装夹技巧和测量技术，以及车螺纹、圆锥、蜗杆和复杂零件的加工方法和尺寸计算等操作要点和注意事项。内容浅显易懂，便于引导读者掌握车削刀具相关应用技能。本书可供金属切削加工领域的工程技术人员和一线技术工人阅读，也可作为金属切削加工行业的工人培训教材。     

高技能“蓝领”挑大梁

近些年来许多制造业企业被高技能工人短缺、断档的苦恼所困扰.而在济南二机床集团却是另一番情景:在2500余名技术工人队伍中,有1300名高级工,580名技师.70名高级技师,高级工以上技能工人占技术工人队伍的77%以上,形成了以技师、高级技师为核心、以专业技术能手和一专多能复合型技术能手为中坚、以高级工为基础的多层面技术工人队伍.正是这些二机床自己培养的高技能"蓝领"挑起了企业生产和发展的大梁.     

先进制造技术环境下生产人员及技术人员工作的变化

在分析先进制造技术（ＡＭＴ）特点的基础上，研究了在ＡＭＴ环境下企业各类生产人员及技术人员的工作和角色发生的变化。这些生产人员及技术人员包括：操作工、维修工和技术工人、技术人员和计算机专家、工程师和管理人员。     

Simultaneous tool posture and polishing force control of unknown curved surface using serial-parallel mechanism polishing machine

In automotive manufacturing, the repair polishing process of an automotive body is still manually performed by skilled polishing workers. This is because skilled workers can appropriately control the polishing motion and force according to the workpiece conditions based on their experience. However, the number of skilled workers has been decreasing. Additionally, the skill development of younger workers has not been satisfactorily conducted. To overcome such problems, in a previous research investigation, we developed a serial-parallel mechanism polishing machine that effectively reproduced the polishing motion and force of skilled workers. This replication system, however, had limited use because the acquired polishing techniques could not adapt to various workpiece conditions, such as shape and size. The present study aimed to expand the polishing method for application to curved surfaces, in other words, adapt the replication system to changes in the workpiece shape. In the past polishing methods for curved surfaces, the workpiece shape was acquired by using CAD data or external sensors that often led to an increase in process time and cost. However, the newly proposed method in this study requires neither CAD data nor external sensors, and was able to effectively achieve simultaneous posture and force control on unknown curved surface. The experimental results showed that the skilled polishing techniques were successfully replicated on an unknown curved surface and the surface roughness was greatly improved by integrating the newly proposed method into the skilled polishing replication system.     

铝合金脉冲GTAW焊熔池表面反射模型研究

熟练焊工能够通过观察熔池表面的凸凹信息获取熔池的成形,在机器人智能化焊接过程中,采用视觉传感方式模拟焊工视觉获取熔池的形状信息。图像的灰度值决定于光源特性、物体表面形状、反射特性和摄像机特性。熔池图像隐含熔池的形状信息,为了从图像中提取熔池的形状信息,分析了铝合金脉冲GTAW焊的熔池表面反射特性,熔池表面由漫反射表面、镜面反射表面和互反射表面组成,建立了熔池表面反射模型。     

Replication of skilled polishing technique with serial–parallel mechanism polishing machine

Currently, viscoelastic polymers are used to coat automotive body to prevent scratches. On the other hand, the application of a polymer with high viscoelasticity makes the repair polishing process of the coated body more difficult. Hence, performing the polishing process requires the operator to be technically skilled. However, the number of workers with necessary technical skill has been decreasing because of an aging population. In addition, the surface quality and process time are dependent on the proficiency level of the worker. To automate the repair polishing process, in our past research, a serial–parallel mechanism polishing machine was developed to simultaneously control the tool trajectory, tool posture, and polishing force. The present study aims to construct a replication system of a skilled polishing technique on the basis of the above three physical parameters by applying the developed polishing machine. First, the tool trajectory, tool posture, and polishing force of a skilled worker, which reflect the polishing technique, were acquired using a high-speed camera and a dynamometer. By inputting the acquired data to the developed machine, the machine can copy the polishing technique because the tool trajectory, tool posture, and polishing force can be independently controlled. From the results of the polishing test, the surface quality after polishing was comparable to that of the skilled worker output, which satisfies the criteria of surface quality.     

Deep Learning Based Simple CNN Weld Defects Classification Using Optimization Technique

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - Weld fault identification using X-ray pictures is a useful nondestructive testing technique. Traditionally, this job has relied on skilled human experts,...     

Symbiotic human–robot collaborative approach for increased productivity and enhanced safety in the aerospace manufacturing industry

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology - Robots are perfect substitutes for skilled workforce on some repeatable, general, and strategically important tasks, but this...     

A Hybrid Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Approach to the Determination of Initial Process Parameters for Injection Moulding

Determination of the initial process parameters for injection moulding is highly skilled task and is based on a skilled operator's "know-how" and intuitive sense acquired through long-term experience rather than on a theoretical and analytical approach. In the face of global competition, the current trial-and-error practice is inadequate. In this paper, a hybrid neural network and genetic algorithm approach is described to determine a set of initial process parameters for injection moulding. A hybrid neural network and genetic algorithm system for the determination of initial process parameter settings for injection moulding based on the proposed appraoch was developed and validated. The preliminary validation test of the system has indicated that the system can determine a set of initial process parameters for injection moulding quickly from which good quality moulded parts can be produced without relying on experienced moulding personnel.     

高职扩招对农村劳动力"二次转移"促进作用分析

我国经济要实现高质量发展,产业结构要逐步由产业链中低端向中高端转移,制造业要从劳动密集型向技术和资金密集型转变,这个过程对低技术技能型劳动力的需求会逐步减少,对高素质技术技能型劳动力的需求会逐步增加,大量农村低技术技能型劳动力需要从中低端产业、劳动密集型产业向中高端产业和技术、资金密集型产业转移。高职院校面向农民工扩招为农村劳动力“二次转移”提供了机遇,对农村劳动力提升技术技能和综合素质起到重要作用,对农村劳动力“二次转移”将起到推动作用。     

用TRIZ理论提升机电类高职学生的创新能力

为了实现机电工业类高等职业教育的目标,培养有创新能力的高技能应用型人才,在分析TRIZ理论体系的基础上,提出了应用TRIZ理论提升学生创新能力的方法。     

技工教育教学模式改革初探

为适应社会经济发展,企业对技能人才提出了更高的要求。文章讨论了在新形势下技工教育的特点及面临的问题,并就此提出了对技工教育教学模式改革的有益探索。