建筑围护结构热湿传递控制方程

介绍了多孔介质热湿迁移的机理,在此基础上提出了多孔材料热湿耦合传递理论,介绍了一定假设条件下建筑围护结构热湿传递控制方程及其边界条件,指出建筑围护结构热湿传递的研究,对节能和更好地改善热湿环境具有极其重要的作用。     

多孔建筑材料热湿传递过程的研究

从理论计算和实验研究等方面对国内外多孔建筑材料的传热、传湿及热湿耦合传递研究方面的进展进行了综合分析。指出了目前多孔建筑材料热湿传递过程研究中存在的问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

多孔建筑材料热湿物理性质测试方法与现状综述

多孔建筑材料的热湿物理性质是利用热湿耦合模型分析围护结构的热湿传递所需要的基本输入参数.通过对多孔建筑材料典型热湿物理性质的测试方法进行归纳,并总结国内外的测试现状,探讨完善多孔建筑材料热湿物理性质研究的方向.分析表明,当前世界各国对多孔建筑材料热物理性质的测试相对成熟,而湿物理性质的测试则存在适用范围有限、结果准确度不足等明显缺陷.指出我国应尽快建立多孔建筑材料湿物理性质的测试标准体系,并建立完备、可靠的数据库.     

极端热湿气候区建筑湿负荷计算方法研究

针对极端热湿气候区建筑湿负荷计算值偏小的问题,本文对该气候条件下室内湿负荷的构成及计算方法进行了研究,在传统湿负荷计算方法的基础上,考虑了空气渗透及围护结构吸放湿引起的湿负荷。研究结果表明,极端热湿气候区建筑湿负荷占总负荷比例为58%左右。若采用附加百分数法计算建筑湿负荷,根据本文叠加法中湿负荷与显热负荷的比值得到附加百分数,其值宜取1.4。最后,根据本文湿负荷计算方法,本文列出了极端热湿气候区不同单位面积显热负荷对应的湿负荷,为空调装机容量的选择提供依据。     

围护结构热湿耦合传递模型及简便求解方法

为了预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,以连续变量,相对湿度和温度为驱动势,考虑热传递与湿传递之间的耦合作用,建立了围护结构热湿耦合传递非稳态模型,并提出了基于多物理场耦合仿真模拟软件COMSOL的热湿耦合传递模型简便求解方法。通过对比新建模型模拟结果与HAMSTAD标准验证实例,验证了模型及求解方法的准确性。     

建筑围护结构热湿性能模拟软件开发

建筑围护结构内的季节性湿传递是围护结构湿损坏的重要影响因素,为简单快速地评估建筑围护结构的热湿性能,基于瞬态耦合传热传湿理论开发了围护结构热湿性能模拟软件.该软件可以进行动态室内外环境参数下的围护结构热、湿特性分析,为结构工程师提供了方便快捷的判断多层墙体内可能出现冷凝的方法,从而选择合适的防护措施.并结合工程实例说明了其应用.     

建筑围护结构单层墙体的热湿耦合传递实验研究

建筑围护结构的热湿传递是影响建筑工程耐久性、室内环境及建筑能耗的重要因素。为研究其热湿耦合传递规律,对单层围护结构多孔介质的热湿耦合传递规律进行了实验研究。通过建立240mm厚混凝土围护结构热湿耦合测试实验台,对围护结构干燥阶段的含湿量、温湿度等参数进行测量。通过对实验结果的分析发现,围护结构内部含湿量传递很慢,其传递速率远远低于热量传递速率,且与温度分布的变化灵敏度不同,含湿量分布受边界条件的变化影响小。实验期间围护结构内部含湿量的分布始终是中间高两侧低;实验墙体在最开始的3个月尤其是第1个月,含湿量下降是最明显的。实验1个月时中心点的含湿量下降25%,3个月后下降47%。     

多孔墙体湿分传递与室内热湿环境研究

简要回顾了多孔建筑材料基本湿特性和湿迁移基本理论。对多孔墙体湿迁移的水蒸气理论模型、有效渗透深度理论模型、蒸发与凝结理论模型、考虑液体和水蒸气同时传递的热湿耦合模型和室内热湿环境平衡方程进行了综合分析。指出目前多孔建筑材料热湿传递和室内热湿环境研究的热点和存在的问题。     

多孔建筑材料静态吸湿特性研究

建筑材料的湿特性对研究围护结构的热质传递过程有着重要意义,其中多孔建筑材料的等温平衡含湿量是完成材料传热传质分析必不可少的参数。本文研究了多种建筑材料的静态等温吸湿特性,针对加气混凝土、石膏板、相变材料这三种常见的多孔建筑材料,分析了等温吸湿曲线的理论计算模型。然后用统计方法比较了典型的计算模型,对模型的适宜性做了分析,得到了不同建筑材料等温吸湿平衡曲线各自适宜的计算公式。为研究多孔建筑围护结构热湿传递、研究室内热湿环境提供参考。     

建筑材料热湿相关系数实验测量与分析

建筑材料热湿相关系数表征了材料中含湿量与温度的耦合关系,因此进行建筑材料热湿相关系数的实验测量对研究建筑围护结构的热湿传递有重要意义。在一定的温湿度范围内,通过实验的方法测定了南京市常用几种建筑多孔砖的热湿相关系数,并进行了其影响因素分析。     

Building climate zones of major marine islands in China defined using two-stage zoning method and clustering analysis

The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations.Consequently,building design strategies for island buildings usually refer to those developed for inland cities.This approach has to some extent hindered the energy-saving design and green development of island buildings in China.This research takes a first step on this issue by defining the building climate zones of 36 marine islands over China marine area using two-stage zoning methodology adopted by current building climate zoning standard(GB50178-1993).The meteorological data used for analysis was obtained from the National Climate Center of China over the 30-year period from 1985 to 2014.As comparison,40 coastal stations which are adjacent to the inves-tigated marine islands were also included in this study.Subsequently a more objective techni-que-cluster analysis was operated as an effective supplement to discover the climate characteristics among different observations.The results of both methodologies consistently show that among the 36 islands investigated,the majority of islands located in northern and eastern marine area belong to the same climate zones as their adjacent coastal cities.Howev-er,island cities in southern marine area cannot be assigned to any current climate zone,which was demonstrated by its distinctive climate features different from any other sites investi-gated through cluster analysis as well as different energy use patterns.Thus a new zone was defined to supplement the current building climate zoning scheme to cover marine area of China.     

Building climate zones of major marine islands in China defined using two-stage zoning method and clustering analysis

The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations. Consequently, building design strategies for island buildings usually refer to those developed for inland cities. This approach has to some extent hindered the energyesaving design and green development of island buildings in China.This research takes a first step on this issue by defining the building climate zones of 36 marine islands over China marine area using two-stage zoning methodology adopted by current building climate zoning standard (GB50178-1993). The meteorological data used for analysis was obtained from the National Climate Center of China over the 30-year period from 1985 to 2014. As comparison, 40 coastal stations which are adjacent to the investigated marine islands were also included in this study. Subsequently a more objective techniquedcluster analysis was operated as an effective supplement to discover the climate characteristics among different observations. The results of both methodologies consistently show that among the 36 islands investigated, the majority of islands located in northern and eastern marine area belong to the same climate zones as their adjacent coastal cities. However, island cities in southern marine area cannot be assigned to any current climate zone, which was demonstrated by its distinctive climate features different from any other sites investigated through cluster analysis as well as different energy use patterns. Thus a new zone was defined to supplement the current building climate zoning scheme to cover marine area of China.     

Quantification of safety factors for simplified heating and cooling demand calculation methods for Vienna

The method used in Austria for calculating building heating and cooling demand is a monthly quasi-steady-state calculation. This method is presented in the European draft ISO/FDIS 13790. The simplified monthly calculation method is based on utilization factors. For these factors there is no specific mathematical derivation. The factor is based on an empirical formula. For increasing the practicability of the simplified calculation methods, the precision of the method is important, as well as the prediction accuracy by modifying the building parameters. Both requirements for a simplified calculation method are verified in this investigation. A simplified investigation of the calculation method precision for the cooling demand for offices leads to a 40 percent margin of error when using the simplified method for Vienna climate. The prediction accuracy of the monthly balanced method for changing the building parameters was verified for a six zone office model. At the end, the precision of the simplified method was quantified for an office model for the heating and cooling demand. Safety factors for the simplified method resulted from the investigation of the office model. The imprecision of the simplified method is greater than the validation of the monthly calculation method, as is exposed in the draft ISO/FDIS 13790. For the cooling demand for Vienna, the safety factor is 1.25 for the one zone method and 1.15 for the multi-zone method. For the heating demand no safety factor is necessary if the simplified method is not used for low air change rates and uncoupled models.     

湘北农村住宅气候适应性调查分析——以华容为例

气候与建筑的关系是近年来绿色建筑研究的重点.本文通过对地处夏热冬冷地区的华容村镇住宅冬夏两季的详细调研,从气候适应性的角度分析其总体规划、平面布局的特点,总结出华容地区村镇住宅原始质朴的"绿色建筑"设计策略,为湘北生态型农村建设提供了有益的经验与思路.     

我国不同气候区典型外墙的热湿迁移特性及霉菌生长风险评估

针对国家建筑标准设计图集09J908-3中常见建筑外墙的热湿迁移特性及霉菌生长风险展开研究,以5个代表城市(沈阳、北京、上海、福州和昆明)为例,采用WUFI Pro 6.2软件模拟了外墙的非稳态热湿传递过程.结果表明:墙体内部的热湿动态迁移过程受主体材料、保温材料和当地气象条件等多个因素的共同影响;加气混凝土(AAC)...     

结合区带和聚类技术的医院空间模块取值方法分析

较之于其他民用建筑,医院建筑不定期扩容需求的特点十分突出,需要实现功能空间的长期有效。与建筑空间相关的模块取值问题是医院空间弹性扩容研究的底层问题,该问题一直以来缺乏理性有效的解决渠道,开放体系下的区带分析与聚类分析方法的结合为医院建筑空间扩容问题的精确化提供了新的可能。研究在上述思路下以医技空间为例,综合运用平行坐标技术和K-means聚类算法,对20个医技空间样本进行聚类分析,利用区带分析对医技空间的布局形式加以协同,其结果为医院系统的扩容灵活与空间适应提供取值支撑,由此得出的成果为医院建筑扩容和新的医院建筑设计提供了方法与设计依据。     

单风道变风量空调系统负荷计算

指出单风道变风量空调系统的负荷计算方法和步骤有其自身的特点。叙述了一个单风道变风量空调系统仅为建筑内区服务,仅为建筑外区服务,以及既为建筑内区又为建筑外区服务时的负荷计算方法和步骤。给出了一个计算实例。     

复合砌块传热研究

采用实验测定与理论计算相结合的方法,对砌块的传热问题进行初步研究,并通过计算补充了修正系数,弥补了“平均法”中修正系数范围较小,不能满足当前新型建筑构件的不足。     

夏热冬冷地区建筑节能存在的问题与研究方向

通过分析对比夏热冬冷地区在气候条件、用能方式方面有别于北方采暖地区的特殊性,分析提炼了两地区建筑节能模式。在此基础上,针对当前夏热冬冷地区建筑节能存在的误区与问题,提出了开展适用本地区建筑节能的能耗模式、设计方法与应用体系等研究的思考。从而为本地区建筑节能突破现有技术瓶颈,走出技术误区并顺利推进提供了研究方向。