玻璃料对PVC/ATH体系性能的影响

研究了氢氧化铝(ATH)对聚氯乙烯性能的影响,并在此基础上研究了玻璃料(GF)对无机阻燃聚氯乙烯体系的力学性能、阻燃性能以及电学性能的影响。结果表明,GF对体系阻燃性能影响很大,在30份前随用量增加会助燃,在30份以后会产生阻燃作用;随着GF加入量的增加,体积电阻率呈现下降趋势;硼酸锌(ZB)与ATH有协同阻燃抑烟作用。     

用于电线电缆的阻燃PVC材料的研究

研究了用于电线电缆的阻燃聚氯乙烯(PVC)的配方设计,通过改变三氧化二锑(Sb2O3),氢氧化铝(ATH)以及硼酸锌的用量,考察材料的燃烧性能和力学性能,确定三种阻燃剂的在该配方体系中的最优化组合。研究表明:在当前配方体系中,Sb2O3的阻燃效果显著,添加分数在6份时效果最佳;ATH在配方体系中同时有阻燃和消烟的作用,但高添加量时,材料的力学性能下降,其添加分数在40份时综合性能较好;硼酸锌有良好的协同阻燃性,能优化Sb2O3存在的配方体系的阻燃性能。     

复合型阻燃剂对聚氯乙烯的阻燃抑烟作用研究

采用微胶囊红磷（MRP）、硼酸锌（ZnBO3）、氢氧化铝(ATH)和氢氧化镁(MH)进行复配对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行阻燃处理,通过极限氧指数、热失重、锥形量热方法研究了不同配比阻燃剂对PVC的阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明,当PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH质量比为100:3:1:20:20时,具有良好的阻燃抑烟效果,极限氧指数可达35.9 %;阻燃体系PVC/ATH/MH、PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH相对于纯PVC具有良好的阻燃抑烟性,PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH比PVC/ATH/MH体系在热释放、烟气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳排放指标上数值更低,热稳定性增加,成炭率更高,火灾性能指数提高,火灾蔓延指数减小,火灾危险性降低。     

氢氧化铝在聚乙烯中阻燃性能的研究

研究了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/氢氧化铝(ATH)的阻燃性能.结果表明,要使HDPE的阻燃性能达到一定要求,至少添加ATH的质量分数为60%以上,通过ATH与其他无卤阻燃剂(红磷、APP、硼酸锌)的复配实验,表明ATH与它们有较好的阻燃协同效应.     

影响多元协效阻燃聚氯乙烯/粉末丁腈橡胶热塑性弹性体性能的因素

选用氢氧化镁为阻燃剂,三氧化二锑、硼酸锌和七钼酸铵为阻燃协效剂,研究了影响多元协效阻燃聚氯乙烯/粉末丁腈橡胶共混型热塑性弹性体性能的各种因素。结果表明,超细化与表面处理相结合可最大限度地发挥氢氧化镁的阻燃性能。当氢氧化镁的粒径为0.5~4.5μm且经过表面处理时,添加量越多共混物的阻燃效果越好。正交试验表明,阻燃协效剂三氧化二锑和硼酸锌之间的交互作用对共混物最终的阻燃性能影响显著。平衡力学性能与阻燃性能后的体系最佳配比(质量份)为聚氯乙烯100、粉末丁腈橡胶30、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯65、氢氧化镁(H 5 C)60、三氧化二锑10、硼酸锌12份及七钼酸铵3,此时共混物的氧指数达27.7%。     

阻燃软质PVC的性能研究

系统研究了无机阻燃剂(氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑)对软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃性能的影响。首先研究了氢氧化铝、三氧化二锑单独使用对软质PVC阻燃性能的影响,研究发现氢氧化铝阻燃效率低于三氧化二锑;然后研究了二元体系氢氧化铝和三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌并用对软质PVC性能的影响,研究发现氢氧化铝和三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌对软质PVC均具有协同阻燃作用。     

电子束辐照和氢氧化铝对LLDPE/EVA共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响

研究了电子束辐照剂量和氢氧化铝(ATH)的含量对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响。辐照剂量是影响LLDPE/EVA/ATH阻燃体系凝胶含量的主要因素,而ATH对其凝胶含量的影响较小。随着ATH含量的增加,LLDPE/EVA共混物的拉伸强度逐步增加,断裂伸长率迅速下降。所有阻燃体系的拉伸强度均是随着辐照剂量的增加而逐步增大,但辐照剂量对这些阻燃体系的断裂伸长率的影响却比较复杂。     

氢氧化铝和硼酸锌对乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混胶阻燃性能的影响

以氢氧化镁(MDH)作乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)共混胶的阻燃剂,运用极限氧指数(LOI)法和锥形量热仪,研究了分别并用少量氢氧化铝(ATH)和硼酸锌对共混胶阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当添加相同份数的阻燃剂时,MDH与ATH并用和单独使用MDH相比,共混胶的LOI相差不大,但并用少量ATH可以明显延长点燃时间,降低总释放热。添加硼酸锌后,EVM/NBR/MDH体系的阻燃性能提高,添加20份以上硼酸锌,共混胶的点燃时间明显延长,热释放速率峰值明显下降;添加140份MDH时并用20份硼酸锌,共混胶的火灾性能指数最高,阻燃效果最好。     

氯氧镁/环氧树脂阻燃复合材料的力学性能

通过拉伸和弯曲试验,研究了氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)对氯氧镁(MOC)/环氧树脂(EP)协同阻燃复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:经过硅烷偶联剂处理,当MOC和ATH的质量比为1:1时,环氧树脂的力学性能最好.     

含锌阻燃剂对NER/OMMT-TPP体系阻燃聚丙烯的影响

将硼酸锌和氧化锌加入到酚醛环氧树酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料(NER/OMMT)与磷酸三苯酯(TPP)阻燃聚丙烯(PP)体系,考察了硼酸锌和氧化锌用量对PP阻燃、抑烟性能和力学性能的影响.在NER/OMMT与TPP总用量仅为10wt%的情况下加入4wt%的硼酸锌后,制得了氧指数高达31.5%的阻燃聚丙烯,并且烟雾产生总量比加入前下降了46.6%,在降低了材料的毒害性的同时很好地提高了其综合性能.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

Rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile-stat-styrene)-graft-polybutadiene (ABS)

The rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile-stat-styrene)-graft-polybutadiene (ABS) was investigated using a cone-and-plate rheometer. The rheological properties measured were shear stress (σ₁₂), viscosity (η), and first normal stress difference (N₁) as functions of shear rate (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma$ \end{document}) in steady shearing flow, and storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as functions of frequency (ω) in oscillatory shearing flow. It has been found that the rheological behavior of blends of ABS and PMMA was very similar to that of blends of poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and PMMA, in that N₁ in logarithmic plots of N₁ versus σ₁₂, and G′ in logarithmic plots of G′ versus G″, vary regularly with blend composition. This has led us to conclude that the rubber particles that are grafted on an SAN resinous matrix in ABS resin plays only a minor role in influencing the compatibility of ABS/PMMA blends, and that the SAN chains attached to the surface of rubber particles, and the SAN matrix phase, play a major role in compatibilizing ABS resin with PMMA.     

Biological Properties of IRIM, the Iridium(III) Analogue of (Imidazolium (Bisimidazole) Tetrachlororuthenate) (ICR)

Some biological aspects of the new complex imidazolium bisimidazole tetrachloro iridate(III)-IRIM- the iridium(III) analogue of ICR, were considered. More in detail the conformational effects produced by IRIM on DNA and the cytotoxic properties of IRIM on some selected human cell lines were measured. Dialysis experiments and DNA thermal denaturation studies are suggestive of poor binding of IRIM to DNA; formation of interstrand crosslinks is not observed. In any case CD measurements suggest that addition of increasing amounts of IRIM to calf thymus DNA results into significant spectral changes, that are diagnostic of a direct interaction with DNA. A number of experiments carried out on the A2780 human ovarian carcinoma, B16 murine melanoma, MCF7 and TS mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines strongly point out that IRIM does not exhibit significant growth inhibition effects within the concentration range 10(-4)-10(-6) M. It is suggested that the lower biological effects of IRIM compared to ICR are a consequence of the larger kinetic inertness of the iridium(III) center with respect to ruthenium(III).     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

以( )-脱氢枞胺为原料合成( )-弥罗松酚

报道了以(+)-脱氢枞胺为起始原料,通过两条路线合成生物活性的二萜化合物(+)-弥罗松酚。路线(1):(+)-脱氢枞胺在羟氨-O-磺酸和氢氧化钠作用下还原脱氨生成脱氢松香烷,再经Friedele-Crafts乙酰化、BaeyerVilliger氧化、水解生成(+)-弥罗松酚,总产率29.5%。路线(2):(+)-脱氢枞胺还原脱氨,然后与过氧化邻苯二甲酰反应得到(+)-弥罗松酚,总产率31.9%。     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.     

Finite strain behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG)

Uniaxial and plane strain compression experiments are conducted on amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG) over a wide range of temperatures (25-110 °C) and strain rates (.005-1.0 s⁻¹). The stress-strain behavior of each material is presented and the results for the two materials are found to be remarkably similar over the investigated range of rates, temperatures, and strain levels. Below the glass transition temperature (θ_g=80 °C), the materials exhibit a distinct yield stress, followed by strain softening then moderate strain hardening at moderate strain levels and dramatic strain hardening at large strains. Above the glass transition temperature, the stress-strain curves exhibit the classic trends of a rubbery material during loading, albeit with a strong temperature and time dependence. Instead of a distinct yield stress, the curve transitions gradually, or rolls over, to flow. As in the sub-θ_g range, this is followed by moderate strain hardening and stiffening, and subsequent dramatic hardening. The exhibition of dramatic hardening in PETG, a copolymer of PET which does not undergo strain-induced crystallization, indicates that crystallization may not be the source of the dramatic hardening and stiffening in PET and, instead molecular orientation is the primary hardening and stiffening mechanism in both PET and PETG. Indeed, it is only in cases of deformation which result in highly uniaxial network orientation that the stress-strain behavior of PET differs significantly from that of PETG, suggesting the influence of a meso-ordered structure or crystallization in these instances. During unloading, PETG exhibits extensive elastic recovery, whereas PET exhibits relatively little recovery, suggesting that crystallization occurs (or continues to develop) after active loading ceases and unloading has commenced, locking in much of the deformation in PET.