Transforming Feedback: An Application Framework for Group Feedback Videos in Design

This article presents the development and application of group feedback videos (GFVs) in design education. A case study shows how visually‐rich GFVs were developed in a practice‐based design studio subject where learners were required to work in teams and independently calibrate an ability to form judgements on the qualities of their own work. Breaking away from traditional models of individual written feedback, students were instead provided with holistic reviews of project outcomes in a GFV format. Assessment examples were presented from across the cohort with the goal of encouraging open discussion and self‐reflection on studio practice. GFVs supported learning processes through three key characteristics: information richness, group learning and sharing, and formative engagement. What differentiated this approach from previous studies was the focus on audio‐visual group delivery to enhance feedback's richness. By replicating an in‐class group critique session, GFVs allowed commonly summative assessment stages to be seen as formative. This study contributes to existing literature through an application framework that may be used by design educators who are seeking to implement GFV methods within their own studio teaching practice.     

Assessment Focus in Studio: What is Most Prominent in Architecture,Art and Design?

What can be learned about assessment from what educators in the creative practices focus their studio publications on? What should form the focus of assessment in architecture, art and design studios? In this article we draw on 118 journal articles on studio published over the last decade in three disciplines; architecture, art and design to inform the focus of studio assessment. We believe that what is published by educators themselves in these disciplines reveals what matters most to them. In addition, we argue that regardless of the primary emphasis placed in each discipline, assessment in studio should encompass a broad set of indicators. Within the wider literature including in architecture, art and design, a view of assessment is emerging that recognises the process and the person, beyond a view that positions the product or art/design arte‐fact above all else. Therefore, drawing on what educators in architecture, art and design mentioned most in the journal publications analysed, as well as the literature on good assessment, we offer a holistic model to guide and take studio assessment in the creative disciplines further.     

The Potential for Collectively Produced Architectural Narratives: from the Market to Education in the Design Studio

Individual vendors and their market booths constitute a collective atmosphere in the marketplace by getting together with spatial arrangements, operational collaborations and event‐based dynamics. The base of study is how these dynamic interactions in a marketplace can find a place within the education process and representations of the architectural design studio. The workshop which was organised in this context consists of personal representations (drawings are produced for each individual market booth and represent all movements and time‐varying conditions on market booths by superposed layers) and collectively produced narratives (which emerged by gathering personal representations together in the studio). In this study, collective and generative potentials of education in a design studio will be discussed thanks to the transfers from the marketplace.     

Dangerous spaces: constructing and contesting sexual identities in an online discussion forum

This paper explores ways in which the research design of an anonymous online discussion forum on sexual orientation and schooling fostered the creation, maintenance and/or disruption of linguistic constructions of participant identity. The paper focuses on the presentation of self and the performance of sex–gender–sexuality within a research environment carefully designed as a ‘safe space’: an environment in which the body is conspicuous by its absence, and the construction and performance of identity relies on language alone. We explore the lines of power operating firstly between ourselves as researchers and the discussion participants, and secondly between the participants themselves, and consider the particular complexities involved in both creating and researching an online environment where simply to take part is to be at risk, and where the intervention or participation of the researchers may act both as a silencing mechanism and as a source of danger.     

Educational diagrams

According to C.S. Peirce, diagrammatic constructions may be represented by words in a sentence, an algebraic formula, or a graphic display. They are the basis of all valid reasoning and provide a significant means for discovering unexpected truths. Using Peirce's work as a point of departure, the sources and uses of diagrams in education are discussed. With some educators, like Froebel, these diagrams are presented in a highly conspicuous manner. With others, they may be much less noticeable. But they are always there in any reasoned discourse, in one form or another. To the extent that these diagrams are followed, educational theory and practice may be considered to be controlled by diagrammatic constructions.     

Effects of Studio Space on Teaching and Learning: Preliminary Findings from Two Case Studies

Recognizing that traditional classrooms do not facilitate active learning, colleges and universities are increasingly converting traditional classroom space into studio space. Research indicates positive effects on student learning when studio classroom space is combined with active learning pedagogy, but the research does not separate the effect of the space from the effect of the pedagogy or address the effect of the space on teaching. The case studies described in this article suggest that studio space can launch teachers into active learning pedagogy and can increase the positive effects of that pedagogy on learning. Teachers and students perceived direct effects of the space itself. Summer Smith Taylor is Director of the Master of Arts in Professional Communication Program and the Advanced Writing Program at Clemson University, and she is Associate Professor of English. She has a Ph.D. in Rhetoric and Composition from The Pennsylvania State University. Taylor’s research focuses on assessment of students’ technical writing by writing and engineering faculty. She may be reached at slsmith@clemson.edu.     

Small-group collaboration and individual knowledge acquisition: The processes of growth during adolescence and early adulthood

Research into small-group collaboration during middle to late childhood shows that while individual understanding can be promoted through exchanging differing opinions, the joint analyses that groups construct while collaborating play a tangential role. Individuals may or may not accept these constructions depending upon processes of reflection and reconciliation that are triggered through difference and sometimes occur post-group. Recognizing a dearth of research with older participants (together with inconclusive suggestions that collaborative constructions may become more significant with age), the reported study examines the impact of small-group collaboration during adolescence and early adulthood. Forty-six pairs of students aged between 10 and 22 years worked on a computer-presented task that required them to discuss and predict the trajectories objects follow when they fall from stationary or moving carriers. Associations between group dialogue and post-test performance confirmed a key role for differing opinions while collaborative constructions turned out to have little relevance.     

Classrooms and the Common Good in the New Millennium: Needed Endings,New Beginnings,Circle Mending

The purpose of this discussion is to explore assumptions that have informed constructions of disability and to challenge these as socially constituted judgments that influence the way teachers think and act in general physical education. A secondary purpose is to introduce social constructionism as a discourse that potentially reshapes constructions of disability by highlighting the relational activity between teachers and students. Using this framework, it becomes possible to consider the cultural construction of disability as informing actions that in many cases, further disable students with disabilities. A relevant question here becomes, what are our expectations, and how did we come to hold them? The article concludes with suggested practices that identify competence and context as central features of instruction in which meaningful actions are possible for students with disabilities.     

现代汉语关系结构的定义和分类

与外语（尤其是英语）语法不同,现代汉语语法一直到现在都没有针对汉语关系结构的全面与合理的定义和分类。这不利于开展跨方言和跨语言的对比研究,探讨的深度与广度自然有局限。面对这一问题,本文在回顾和评论前人研究的基础上,提出了针对现代汉语关系结构的定义和分类,认为现代汉语关系结构可以分为四大类,即核心词在前的关系结构、核心词在后的关系结构、自由关系结构和并接关系结构。这四大类关系结构的共同之处是,在一个包含关系结构的句子中,关系核心词在主句和小句中可以有不同的论旨角色,主句和小句通过该关系核心词建立语义关联。     

Assessment of the effectiveness of the studio format in introductory undergraduate biology

Kansas State University converted its introductory biology course, previously taught as an audio-tutorial (A-T), to a studio format in 1997. We share with others information about the process involved and present assessment data for the studio format course that address 1) student exam performance in A-T and studio; 2) student course grades in A-T and studio; 3) student and instructor perceptions and attitudes for A-T and studio; 4) student performance in subsequent biology courses for A-T and studio; and 5) gains in student learning for the studio course and other traditional lecture/lab courses. Collectively, these measures demonstrate that the studio format is as effective as or more effective (for some measures) than the A-T approach and traditional approaches in providing an effective learning environment. We discuss the issues involved in comparing course formats.     

Re/presenting intellectual subjectivity: gender and visual imagery in the field of higher education

Visual images of students and academics in the UK have traditionally featured men, reflecting the historical predominance of men in these positions. When women were represented, sexist imagery and traditional constructions of femininity were not uncommon. This article explores the ways in which students and academics are constructed in a selection of visual representations in two contemporary UK sources: in two videos aimed at potential students and in the Times Higher Education, a magazine for higher education professionals. Following a discussion of dominant constructions of intellectual subjectivity, I draw upon a feminist post-structuralist approach in the analysis of these visual images. Although women are now entering universities in greater numbers than ever before, I suggest that this visual iconography continues to inscribe culturally dominant constructions of femininity and masculinity, reaffirms a gender binary and reconstructs the serious intellectual subject as a masculine one.     

开放大学演播室系统的设计

根据开放大学演播室系统的需求,提出了一种新型的开放大学演播室系统方案,系统与现有演播室的环境和设备兼容,实现高、标清兼容,能适应高清制作要求,以江苏开放大学演播室系统为例进行实践,实现了制作过程数字化,能够提高录制和编辑的效率。     

Working-class Men's Constructions of Masculinity and Negotiations of (Non)Participation in Higher Education

This article draws on discussion group data collected with 64 ethnically diverse working-class men who were predominantly not participating, or planning to participate, in higher education. The article identifies how the men drew on various discourses of masculinity in their arguments for and against higher education participation, and discusses potential implications of these discourses upon working-class men's continued underrepresentation in higher education. Analysis also highlights how the men's various constructions were framed/constrained by their locations within multiple, interlocking systems of inequality. Questions are raised with regard to future widening participation initiatives.     

The Necessity of Studio Art as a Site and Source for Dissertation Research

The issue raised by the authors in this article question why studio art continues to be ignored as a site and source for research in art education. The necessity of the field to be able to participate within the research community in addressing cultural, social, educational and political concerns is acknowledged. It is argued, however, that the exclusive use of methods of inquiry that align with the conventions of social science research has been done at the expense of fully appreciating the capacity of artistic research undertaken in studio contexts. This tendency is especially prevalent in doctoral research in higher education. Three accounts of dissertation research are given that incorporate studio activity as a central agency of inquiry in conceptualising and theorising issues. Each highlights the capacity of art practice to reveal insights that are a consequence of what the researcher did in the studio setting as issues, ideas and interpretive stances emerged, and problems were re‐conceptualised. What is different in these accounts from more mainstream approaches to research is the readiness to accept that constructing new knowledge is a creative and critical process.     

Dyslexia and the Studio: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice

It is generally accepted that art and design related disciplines attract a higher proportion of students with dyslexia than traditional academic counterparts. Combined with this is a prevalent perception that dyslexia predominantly affects students’ writing and linguistic ability and it is this, as well as an increased visual‐spatial sensibility, that attracts students to art and design disciplines. This article examines these ideas through the experience of fine art students on a degree course with a mandatory written element. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with students, it argues that the studio component, in terms of its learning environment and teaching methods, presents an equally challenging context for students with dyslexia and that the written element or lecture‐based studies can provide students with a valuable counterpoint to their studio practice.     

The Virtual Studio

Like many other Higher Education institutions, De Montfort University in Leicester has been experimenting with the use of virtual, on‐line learning and teaching delivery and support in response to by now familiar pressures. These include growth in student numbers, widening access, reduction in unit costs, increased need for flexibility of provision and constructivist ideas about learning. This paper reports on one of these experiments in detail: the creation of a simulated, online photography studio. The move to a virtual simulated studio entailed a radical rethink of the module learning outcomes and activities. Evaluation of the virtual studio reveals that while a very high investment of time and commitment was required by staff, significant savings have been achieved in delivery and student support costs without a reduction in student performance or satisfaction levels. Additional, less tangible, benefits include increases in staff skills and a strong positive impact on academic/technical staff working relationships.     

Advanced distance education technology and hands-on science

Distance education technology can be used to increase the teaching of science in schools. However, the use of the technology must be carefully monitored. This paper describes the general use of 2-way video/2-way audio technology to link three remote sites and a studio. To evaluate the instructiors' and participants' use of this technology, video recordings ofall 11 (2-hour) broadcasts were reviewed. In general, the instructors were able to conduct a semester long hands-on science course, however, there were many science teaching techniques that had to be altered for this technology. When this technology is used for hands-on science, the hardware itself must be improved so that continuous interaction can take place between the studio and all remote sites. Science topics and activities may prove to be one of thebest fields to present with the technology, because of the practical lab based nature of science. Hands-on science activities seem to lessen the feeling of distance between remote sites and the studio.     

名师工作室运行机制的优化

作为教师专业发展的一种新形式,名师工作室不仅为名师专业优化提供了平台,同时也为区域内的教师职业发展拓宽了空间。但是在运行与推广的过程中,名师工作室的问题逐渐浮出水面。基于文本分析法,选取13个名师工作室管理办法,使用Nvivo11软件对资料进行整理、分析和编码,深入解析名师工作室运行机制的构建过程,并结合名师工作室的现实困境,提出可从增强学习资源支持、完善学习共同体、落实网络工作室建设及有序开展内部考核等方面优化名师工作室的运行机制。