示准化学科行为互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了互换性定律的族系,研究了非训练行为不准确现象,讨论了行为互换性的需求,推论了行为互换性定律的存在,建立了行为互换性的概念,创建了行为互换性定律的命题及其数学模型,详述了定律的内涵,分析了行为互换性与其他互换性的关系,讨论了行为互换性定律的对象范围、互换类型、自身特点和作用意义,对行为互换性定律进行了验证分析,讨论了行为互换性定律的应用,并给出了应用例子。     

基于3D Gerstner水波的实时模拟研究

简述了模拟水波的原理,使用面向对象方法对水波3D实时模拟系统进行了结构设计,给出了设计模式的结构图,提出了一个可复用的系统框架.详细介绍了使用HLSL对Gerstner水波进行编程的方法,实现了水波实时渲染的模拟并给出了关键的程序代码.最后分析了使用Gerstner波进行水波模拟存在的不足并提出了改进建议.     

从《互联网时代》看纪录片与社会的关系

《互联网时代》是以全球背景下的视野,聚焦了历史、聚焦了文化、聚焦了社会功能,通过十集的影像表达,缔造了一个时代所呈现的互联网巨大变革,满足了受众,创造了经济效益,开创了中国纪录片史上的又一个里程碑,同时创造了较高的社会现实意义。完成了近乎完美的中国映像,为中国纪录片占有国际地位奠定了社会基础。     

会计电算化与计算机技术的应用

随着社会的发展,科学技术的进步,计算机技术在各个领域中得到了广泛的应用。计算机技术在会计领域中发挥了重要作用,逐步建立起了会计电算化体系,充分发挥了计算机自动、高效、准确的优势,受到了会计人员的青睐,计算技术在会计领域中的应用提高了会计核算的准确性,提高了会计人员的工作效率,保障了会计工作快速、高效、高质量的完成。文章对会计中计算机技术的应用进行了探讨。     

基于VBA的千分尺证书记录系统

介绍了一种以VBA作为研发平台的千分尺证书记录系统。介绍了系统的结构,并详述了几个关键模块的设计和系统的防错功能,千分尺证书记录系统的研发,减轻了工作量,降低了劳动强度,杜绝了人为产生的偶然性失误,提高了劳动效率。     

标准化性质的研究

本文论述了研究标准化性质的意义,阐述了4个性质的内涵,分别研究了其理论关系和特点,提出了4个性质的证明方法,并作了相应证明,论述了4个性质的应用关系,给出了部分代表性的应用领域。     

社团活动对大学生心理成长的作用

健康有益的社团活动不仅丰富了校园文化，培养了学生的兴趣爱好，扩大了学生的求知领域，使大学生活丰富多彩，而且对大学生的心理成长具有积极的作用。即社团活动使大学生获得了归属感，丰富了情感体验，提高了交往能力，增强了合作意识，提升了自信心，促进了大学生社会化的进程。     

小壳体零件的工艺研究

本文简述了小壳体零件的特点,提出了以往生产中产品由于壁薄而废品率高的问题,由于零件设计和铸件毛料入手作以具体分析,改进了工艺方法,增加了加工余量,更改了毛料,实践证明,改进后的工艺方法,大幅度降低了加工中的废品率,提高了劳动生产率,满足了该零件的设计要求,为公司节省了大量生产成本。     

径向冲孔模设计

对盒体零件的冲孔工艺方案进行了分析,介绍了各种冲孔工艺方案的优缺点,从而确定了利用凸轮机构,实现了该零件的径向冲孔。介绍了该模具结构及工作过程,给出了零件的工艺计算方法,提出了模具的设计方法,为解决同类零件的冲孔提供了参考。     

电子倍增CCD相机制冷绝热设计

对电子倍增CCD(EMCCD)相机制冷的必要性以及热电制冷器(TEC)的特点进行了说明,阐述了真空绝热的优势,分析了真空绝热失效条件,提出了真空绝热的难点及真空保持方案,分析了相机芯片发挥其性能所需的制冷温度,对制冷相机漏热途径进行了分析,计算了克服漏热所需的制冷功率,并设计了制冷绝热方案,对相机进行了稳态热分析建模,将多级热电制冷器进行了参数化转化并将其带入模型边界中,经过迭代拟合得到了相机杜瓦及芯片温度分布,分析了绝热制冷方案的可行性。     

金属材料试样制备与力学性能试验结果的相关性 第一讲 试样的取样部位及机加工与力学性能试验结果的相关性

介绍了金属材料试样制备与力学性能试验结果的相关性。对国家标准中关于力学性能试验试样取样和机加工的要求、力学试验取样和制样过程中需要注意的问题、机加工质量的检验等问题进行了讨论。结果表明金属材料试验试样的制备与力学性能试验的结果有着非常密切的相关性,由于这个原因,力学试验试样的取样和机加工必须严格按照国家标准的要求进行,机加工后必须检验加工质量,以保证力学试验结果的正确性。     

A Rational Fundamental Equation of State for Pentafluoroethane with Theoretical and Experimental Bases

A fundamental equation of state for pentafluoroethane was established on the basis of not only assessment of the experimental data but also by introducing parameters for virial coefficients having a theoretical background in statistical thermodynamics. The equation of state has a range of validity for temperatures from the triple point up to 500 K and pressures up to 70 MPa. The estimated uncertainties of the equation are 0.1% for the vapor pressure, 0.15% in density for the saturated-liquid phase, 0.5% in density for the saturated-vapor phase, 0.1% in density for the liquid phase, 0.1% in pressure for the gaseous phase, 0.5% in density for the supercritical region, 0.01% in speed of sound for the gaseous phase, 0.9% in speed of sound for the liquid phase, 0.5% in isobaric specific heat for the liquid phase, and 1.2% in isochoric specific heat for the liquid phase. The derived specific heats in the gaseous phase are close to the values from the virial equation of state with the second and third virial coefficients derived from intermolecular potential models and precise speed-of-sound measurements.     

基于“互联网+”平台的老年人数字化产品服务设计

“5G”时代背景下,推动老年人数字化产品服务设计的创新发展已成为迫切的需要。研究论述了“互联网+”平台下老年人数字化产品服务设计遵循的原则与老年人数字化产品发展的趋势和前景。通过分析传统产品设计行业中关于老年人产品设计的设计原则和方向,总结了当今老年人数字化产品存在的缺乏针对性和创新服务设计的问题。并且在老年人感官感觉特征、生理行为特征和心理情感特征的基础上,研究了老年手机等案例,分析并论述了老年人数字化产品服务设计的原则。以老年人数字化产品服务设计为例,探讨了“互联网+”模式下,针对特定群体的数字化产品服务设计应遵循的简洁性、易用性、安全性和可靠性基本原则,综合“互联网+”平台、产品服务设计、数字信息技术等创新平台与技术,为促进老年人数字化产品的发展提供了设计策略和参考。     

A macro model for usage and recycling pattern of steel in Japan using the population balance model

Abstract

A macro model for evaluating the steel flow in Japan is proposed. The steels are classified into four types; virgin steel for machinery and for construction and recycled steel for machinery and for construction. The steel is assumed to be discharged from the society in accordance with the lifetime distribution of each usage. The amount of recycled steel and the accumulation in society are calculated using a population balance model. The comparison with the calculated results and statistics ensures the validity of the model. Since the amount of recycled steel mainly supplied for construction will increase and be oversupplied, recycled steel will have to be used for machinery. The required amount and the available amount to supply recycled steel for machinery are considered from the point of allowable copper concentration for machinery use. Copper contaminates steel during the recycling process of steel used for machinery and the contamination ratio is evaluated with the model. The copper concentration in the recycled steel and the amount of CO₂ emission are predicted for various scenarios. The relationship between recycling ratio and contamination ratio, which enables us to supply recycled steel for machinery, and the allowable CO₂ emission to decrease the contamination ratio are discussed. © 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.     

Tuning Optimization for Second-Order Dynamic Filters for Random Signal Spectral Analysis

Initial formulas are derived for the spectral window of a narrow-band second-order dynamic filter and for the relative dispersion of the estimator for the spectral power density as measured by the correlation filter method, together with the general expression for the optimum tuning law for the filter damping coefficient for linear variation in the central frequency within the analysis band.     

Structural fire design parameters and procedures – analysis of the potential of Eurocode 3

This paper presents an experimental research carried out for testing the simple calculation models presented in EN 1993‐1‐2 for the determination of the fire resistance of steel structures, as well as the models for calculating the development of temperature in the structure. The analysis was carried out for the simple heat transfer models in protected and unprotected steel elements, for the basic parameters of reduction of mechanical properties of steel at high temperatures, and for simple calculation models for determining fire resistance of elements subjected to vertical force in combination with and without the action of the axial force.     

Approximating the risk for time-to-failure models through using statistics of extremes

This paper studies the approximation of the partitioned multiobjective risk method's (PMRM) extreme event risk function for time-to-failure models. The analytic expression of the approximation for the extreme event risk function is derived through the use of the statistics of extremes for the case where the underlying distribution is of an extreme-value type III for minima. This analytic expression provides an effective theoretical tool for understanding the behavior of conditional expected values for time-to-failure models for a large class of distribution functions used in reliability. The results are confirmed for example problems of exponential and uniform distributions.     

Treasure of the Past IX: Exposure Standardization of Iodine-125 Seeds Used for Brachytherapy

A method for calibrating iodine-125 seeds in terms of exposure has been established. The standard free-air ionization chamber, used for measuring soft x rays, was chosen for the measurements. Arrays of four to six seeds were used to enhance the ionization-current-to-background-current ratio. Seeds from an array were measured individually in a re-entrant chamber. The quotient of the exposure rate for the array by the sum of the ionization currents in the re-entrant chamber is the calibration factor for the re-entrant chamber. Calibration factors were established for three types of iodine-125 seeds. The overall uncertainty for the seed exposure calibrations is less than 6%.     

Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit bei der Härteprüfung. Excel Datei zur Durchführung

Methods for the Determination of Uncertainty for Hardness Testing. EXCEL file for the Determination The determination of uncertainty for hardness testing [1, 2, 3] on the basis of the CRM hardness reference blocks according to GUM [4] are described. The application of an EXCEL based file for this determination of the uncertainty as part of the periodic check is presented.     

Benchmark problems for wave propagation in elastic materials

The application of the new numerical approach for elastodynamics problems developed in our previous paper and based on the new solution strategy and the new time-integration methods is considered for 1D and 2D axisymmetric impact problems. It is not easy to solve these problems accurately because the exact solutions of the corresponding semi-discrete elastodynamics problems contain a large number of spurious high-frequency oscillations. We use the 1D impact problem for the calibration of a new analytical expression describing the minimum amount of numerical dissipation necessary for the new time-integration method used for filtering spurious oscillations. Then, we show that the new numerical approach for elastodynamics along with the new expression for numerical dissipation for the first time yield accurate and non-oscillatory solutions of the considered impact problems. The comparison of effectiveness of linear and quadratic elements as well as rectangular and triangular finite elements for elastodynamics problems is also considered.