首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 69 毫秒
1.
宋德禄  钟勇 《眼科研究》2009,27(7):637-640
视神经脊髓炎(NMO)是主要累及视神经和脊髓的特发性炎性脱髓鞘和致坏死性疾病。在NMO患者血清中发现一种与水通道蛋白4(AQP4)结合的自身IgG抗体(NMO—IgG)。NMO—IgG并非在NMO患者血清中发现的唯一自身抗体,但与正常高表达AQP4的中枢神经系统的组织病理关系说明NMO-IgG可能具有致病性。就AQP4在NMO发病中的作用,AQP4的B细胞表位和发病的关系以及AQP4特异性B细胞和T细胞的启动进行综述。  相似文献   

2.
水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)是一类广泛存在于哺乳动物上皮和内皮细胞膜上的特异性转运水蛋白,在眼部组织中大量存在,并参与包括维持眼压、促进上皮修复等在内的一系列病理生理过程.近年研究发现,其与眼科疾病的发生发展也密不可分,AQP0广泛大量存在于晶状体中,其基因突变导致先天性白内障发生,其后天表达改变会导致年龄相关性白内障的加速发展;眼内介导水分运输的AQP表达失调,会导致糖尿病视网膜病变的黄斑水肿、青光眼的高眼压及葡萄膜炎、视神经炎等一系列与水分子运输失衡相关的眼病.如果在眼内可以使用安全有效的技术手段从数量及空间分布上改变AQP的表达,这很可能成为治疗眼科疾病的一个新靶点.  相似文献   

3.
水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)主要介导自由水沿渗透压梯度的被动跨生物膜转运,对水有高度选择性。晶状体只有两种水通道蛋白,晶状体上皮细胞表达的AQP1和晶状体纤维细胞表达的AQP0,它们共同调节晶状体水代谢,维持晶状体生理功能及透明性,其异常表达可导致白内障的发生。术文综述了近年来对水通道蛋白0,1的研究,并讨论水通道蛋白与白内障发生的关系。  相似文献   

4.
糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)是最常见的视网膜血管病,是50岁以上人群主要致盲眼病之一.DR早期微血管细胞受到损害,微血管扩张、渗漏,形成微血管瘤,随后微血管闭塞,形成无灌注区,最终视网膜缺血缺氧形成新生血管,进入糖尿病视网膜病变增殖期(proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR).随着病情加重,将造成纤维血管膜的形成、视网膜前膜的纤维化加重,最终将造成牵拉性视网膜脱离.新近研究发现水通道蛋白1(aquaporin-1, AQP1)、水通道蛋白4(aquaporin-4, AQP4)在DR发生发展过程中起重要作用,导致视网膜内外屏障破坏,诱发视网膜水肿,参与新生血管形成,是视网膜新生血管形成过程中不可缺少的因子.  相似文献   

5.
赵靖康  刘旭  何媛 《国际眼科杂志》2019,19(7):1126-1130

水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)主要介导自由水沿渗透压梯度被动跨生物膜转运,水通道蛋白在保持细胞内外环境的稳态平衡,完成生理功能方面发挥着重要的作用。晶状体纤维细胞中只表达三种水通道蛋白:AQP1、AQP0和AQP5,三种AQPs的不同功能及空间差异表达促进产生和调节微循环系统。AQPs相关基因的改变可导致白内障的发生。本文综述了近年来对AQP1、AQP0和AQP5研究,并讨论了其与先天性白内障发生的关系。  相似文献   


6.
近年来,关于肠道菌群的研究越来越多。多项研究表明,肠道菌群失调在各种疾病的发生和发展中起到关键作用,是多种疾病预防和治疗干预的新靶点。本文就肠道菌群在一些眼部疾病的研究进行综述,包括自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、原发性开角型青光眼和Sjögren综合征等,其作用机制可能是通过肠道菌群的改变,影响如丁酸盐等微生物代谢物,从而影响肠道上皮细胞屏障;或是肠道菌群介导的免疫反应,最终引起组织损伤。研究肠道菌群失调在眼部疾病发生和发展中的作用可提高对相关疾病发生机制的认识,为进一步探索相关眼病的治疗策略提供新的思路。  相似文献   

7.
占志云  徐国兴 《国际眼科杂志》2011,11(12):2122-2124
水通道蛋白(AQPs)结构的研究进一步加深了人们对于这种小分子膜蛋白对水和溶质转运的认识。迄今,在晶状体中有两种AQPs表达被报道,即AQP0和AQP1。我们主要就AQPs在晶状体的分布、功能及与白内障形成的可能关系进行讨论。  相似文献   

8.
杨扬  张虹 《临床眼科杂志》2006,14(2):187-189
水通道蛋白-O(aquaporin O,AQPO)是存在于晶状体纤维中的主要内在蛋白,经证明有弱的水通道活性,为选择性水通道,参与晶状体的水代谢,有助于维持晶状体的透明性和内环境稳定。术文综述了近年来对 AQPO的研究并重点讨论AQPO和白内障发生机制的关系。  相似文献   

9.
壳聚糖作为甲壳素的脱乙酰化产物,是唯一的一种碱性阳离子多糖。因其具备良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、无毒和低致敏性使其在伤口愈合、药物载体、组织工程等生物医疗领域有着广泛的应用。本文结合壳聚糖及其衍生物的生物特性将其在眼表疾病的药物缓释(如在眼睑缺损、干眼、角膜炎、角膜伤口愈合、角膜组织工程方面的应用)、壳聚糖包裹的复合脂质体延缓白内障形成以及人工晶状体植入抗代谢物药物缓慢释放预防后发障、青光眼降眼压药物缓释与滤过性手术抗瘢痕化药物缓释、壳聚糖的水解产物壳寡糖治疗实验性自身免疫性前葡萄膜炎、视网膜病(胰岛素缓释治疗糖尿病视网膜病变、新型巩膜扣带材料治疗视网膜脱离、壳寡糖预防视网膜缺血再灌注损伤)等眼科各亚专业的应用与研究进展作一综述。但目前研究均较肤浅,多数属于体外或动物实验,尚缺乏设计严格的较大样本量的远期临床试验资料。(国际眼科纵览,2020, 44: 105-111)  相似文献   

10.
壳聚糖作为甲壳素的脱乙酰化产物,是唯一的一种碱性阳离子多糖。因其具备良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、无毒和低致敏性使其在伤口愈合、药物载体、组织工程等生物医疗领域有着广泛的应用。本文结合壳聚糖及其衍生物的生物特性将其在眼表疾病的药物缓释(如在眼睑缺损、干眼、角膜炎、角膜伤口愈合、角膜组织工程方面的应用)、壳聚糖包裹的复合脂质体延缓白内障形成以及人工晶状体植入抗代谢物药物缓慢释放预防后发障、青光眼降眼压药物缓释与滤过性手术抗瘢痕化药物缓释、壳聚糖的水解产物壳寡糖治疗实验性自身免疫性前葡萄膜炎、视网膜病(胰岛素缓释治疗糖尿病视网膜病变、新型巩膜扣带材料治疗视网膜脱离、壳寡糖预防视网膜缺血再灌注损伤)等眼科各亚专业的应用与研究进展作一综述。但目前研究均较肤浅,多数属于体外或动物实验,尚缺乏设计严格的较大样本量的远期临床试验资料。  相似文献   

11.
Phacoemulsification in Patients with Secondary Glaucoma Caused by Uveitis   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Purposes: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification in the patients with uveitis,secondary glaucoma and complicated cataract.Methods: Phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular len wasperformed in 12 patients(13 eyes) with uveitis, secondary glaucoma and complicatedcataract. The complications, intraocular pressures (IOP), and visual acuity wereobserved postoperatively.Results: No severe complication was found in the patients postoperatively or within theoperation procedure. The visual acuity was improved after the operation ( P < 0. 05) .The intraocular pressures and/or the number of antiglaucoma medications reduced in 3months of the follow-up time.Conclusion: phacoemulsification is the best way to treat the patients with secondaryglaucoma and complicated cataract caused by uveitis.  相似文献   

12.
内因性葡萄膜炎354例临床分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨内因性葡萄膜炎的临床分布特点。方法 6a间连续收集各类急性或复发性葡萄膜炎病人354例,行详尽的临床检查和血清免疫学检查。结果 在354例葡萄膜炎病人中,前葡萄膜炎165例(46.6%),后葡萄膜炎118例(33.3%),全葡萄膜炎57例(16.1%),周边部葡萄膜炎14例(4.0%)。致盲率为5.9%,致盲原因是增殖性视网膜病变、继发性青光眼和并发性白内障等,与全身病有关联者167例(47.2%),主要为骨关节后,才厅对葡萄膜炎进行病因学确诊和给予适当的治疗。  相似文献   

13.
14.
    
Hui Lu  Dou-Dou Chen  Si-Quan Zhu 《国际眼科》2022,15(10):1598-1603
AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of pupilloplasty combined with phacomulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PPI) in uveitis-induced cataract.METHODS: Total 28 patients with uveitis-induced cataract were enrolled. Within 3mo before the PPI, 7 cases accompanied with glaucoma maintained carteolol hydrochloride for lowering intraocular pressure, and 1 case maintained glucocorticoid for anti-inflammation. The baseline characteristics, treatment processes, and outcomes of enrolled cases were retrospectively analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to reveal the histopathological changes of iris tissues.RESULTS: Iris hemorrhage was the only intraoperative complication observed in 2 cases. After the surgery, normal intraocular pressure, right position of intraocular lens, and improved visual gain [best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)>0.5] were achieved. Postoperative keratic precipitates was observed in 2 cases, which was recovered within 1wk. During the follow-up of 5-10y, no recurrence of uveitis was found in 27 cases (96.43%). Uveitis only recurred in one case with the onset of ankylosing spondylitis. HE staining showed iris stroma (all samples), pigment cell hyperplasia in pigment epithelium (n=9) and stroma (n=19), inflammatory cell infiltration in iris (n=7), and neovascularization in iris surface (n=2).CONCLUSION: PPI improves the visual gain and prevents the long-term recurrence of uveitis in patients with uveitis-induced cataract, including those with preoperative intraocular pressure abnormality (glaucoma) and inflammation (active uveitis). Uveitis presents stroma atrophy, pigment cell hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration, even in a quiet state.  相似文献   

15.
    
Purpose:To report a case of presumed acquired retinal astrocytoma in association with anterior uveitis. Methods:A 29-year-old man presented with mutton fat keratic precipitates in the inferiorlower cornea,with complicated cataract and a circumscribed,solitary,yellowish-white retinal lesion in the right eye.Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed, with election to observeand the lesion was observed periodically. The lesion was followed for over two years without any change in size, shape or, and appearance. The anterior uveitis has not recurred at the time of writing. Results:Systemic medical and laboratory evaluations, including chest computed tomography,cranial magnetic resonance imaging,and serum angiotensin converting enzyme level, were normal. The characteristic fundus, FA,OCT scan, ultrasound scan,and lack of other contributory laboratory findings strongly supported the diagnosis of acquired retinal astrocytoma in this patient. Conclusion:We hypothesized that anterior uveitis may contribute to the growth and maintenance of retinal lesions. (Eye Science 2013; 28:51-54)  相似文献   

16.
青光眼视神经保护治疗的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
王艳  孙兴怀 《眼科新进展》2002,22(3):212-215
视网膜神经节细胞死亡是青光眼视神经损伤的最终共同通路,阻断或延缓神经节细胞原发性和(或)继发性损伤的治疗方法称为青光眼视神经保护治疗。目前这一领域的研究包括谷氨酸拮抗剂、钙通道阻滞剂、抗氧化剂、NO合成酶抑制剂、神经营养、凋亡抑制剂、疫苗等。在未来的青光眼治疗中视神经保护治疗很可能成为一种重要的辅助治疗措施,将和包括降眼压药在内的其他手段一起来减少各种原发性和(或)继发性致病因素对视网膜神经节细胞的损伤。  相似文献   

17.
In vivo detection of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage should have experimental and clinical relevance. A number of experimental models have been recently described to visualize RGCs in vivo. With retrograde injection of fluorescent tracers into the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate body, or optic nerve, RGCs can be detected in vivo with confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, or confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Although the resolution of these imaging techniques is limited to detecting only the cell bodies, the addition of adaptive optics has allowed in vivo visualization of axonal and dendritic processes. An ideal experimental model for detection of RGC damage should be non-invasive and reproducible. The introduction of a strain of transgenic mice that express fluorescent proteins under the control of Thy-1 promoter sequence has offered a non-invasive approach to detect RGCs. Long- term serial monitoring of RGCs over a year has been shown possible with this technique. In vivo imaging of RGCs could provide crucial information to investigating the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and evaluating the treatment response of neuroprotective agents.  相似文献   

18.
Purpose: To assess the visual acuity outcome after treatment, in patients with differing types of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis, and to determine the types of sight‐threatening complications. Methods: This was an retrospective, non‐comparative, interventional study of patients who had uveitis with a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis and a minimum follow‐up duration of 6 months from presentation. The worst affected eye at presentation was selected for the study. Complications causing impaired vision were documented, changes in visual acuity after completion of treatment were measured, and the risk of ‘poor outcome’ (visual acuity 6/12 and less) was compared in the various types of uveitis, using ‘exact’ multiple logistic regression to control confounding by other prognostic factors. Results: Seventy‐five patients were studied. The spectrum of ocular inflammation in sarcoidosis is wide. Presentation may be acute and non‐granulomatous or chronic and granulomatous with posterior segment involvement being varied. Poor visual outcome was significantly more frequent in multifocal choroiditis (5/7, 71.4%), and in panuveitis without multifocal choroiditis (13/28, 46.4%), compared to only 3/24 (12.5%) patients with anterior uveitis. The excess risks remained significant after adjustment for confounding effects of other prognostic factors including age, sex and manifest systemic sarcoidosis. Causes of visual loss were cataract, glaucoma, macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment. Conclusion: Multifocal choroiditis is a less common manifestation of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis but appears to be associated with a worse visual prognosis despite immunosuppressive therapy.  相似文献   

19.
视网膜神经节细胞死亡是青光眼视神经损伤的最终共同通路,阻断视神经损伤通路和增强视神经存活机制的方法称为视神经保护。目前这一研究领域主要包括抗凋亡途径,促红细胞生成素,谷氨酸拮抗剂,钙离子拮抗剂,一氧化氮合酶抑制剂,神经营养因子,自身保护性免疫,抗青光眼药物等方面。将来视神经保护将成为一种重要的青光眼辅助治疗措施  相似文献   

20.

肥胖是多种慢性非传染性疾病的危险因素和病理基础,是导致人类致死和致残的重要危险因素。肥胖对身体的危害不仅包括各种全身疾病,还有部分眼部相关疾病。目前人们对生活及视觉质量的更高追求,使眼部疾病的病因和预防研究受到了更多关注,肥胖对眼部疾病的影响也逐渐被发现。文章就肥胖对部分眼部相关疾病的影响进行综述,以期加深肥胖对眼部相关疾病影响的认识,并为眼部疾病防治提供参考。  相似文献   


设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号

京公网安备 11010802026262号