高功率型镍氢电池的循环性能

由于没有镉污染,对环境友好,用于高功率设备的镍氢电池的需求量增长很快,目前每年的需求量约为5亿只.但是镍氢电池的一些性能还不能完全满足电动工具的使用要求,突出表现在电池大电流充放循环寿命较差.因此,研制高性能的高倍率镍氢电池不仅具有重要的研究意义,也有很大的应用价值.本文研究影响SC型动力电池循环寿命衰减的主要因素,测量了在大电流循环过程中镍氢电池的内阻、温度及重量变化,并运用SEM、XRD对电池内阻升高的原因进行了分析.我们认为电池内阻升高是镍氢电池大电流循环寿命差的主要原因,分析发现在镍氢电池进行大电流充放电循环时,电池正极膨胀,负极微粉化,电池内部孔隙率增加,致使电解液干涸,电池内阻升高.通过增加负极容量,抑制正极膨胀,可以有效改进镍氢电池大电流充放时的循环性能.     

高功率型镍氢电池的循环性能

由于没有镉污染，对环境友好，用于高功率设备的镍氢电池的需求量增长很快，目前每年的需求量约为5亿只。但是镍氢电池的一些性能还不能完全满足电动工具的使用要求，突出表现在电池大电流充放循环寿命较差。因此，研制高性能的高倍率镍氢电池不仅具有重要的研究意义，也有很大的应用价值。本文研究影响SC型动力电池循环寿命衰减的主要因素，测量了在大电流循环过程中镍氢电池的内阻、温度及重量变化，并运用SEM、XRD对电池内阻升高的原因进行了分析。我们认为电池内阻升高是镍氢电池大电流循环寿命差的丰要原因，分析发现在镍氢电池进行大电流充放电循环时，电池正极膨胀，负极微粉化，电池内部孔隙率增加，致使电解液干涸，电池内阻升高。通过增加负极容量，抑制正极膨胀，可以有效改进镍氢电池大电流充放时的循环性能。     

充电电压对铅蓄电池及其电极性能的影响

对铅蓄电池进行不同充电电压的充放循环试验,测量了循环寿命期间单电极电流与电位的变化关系,分析了电极的极化性能、充电特性及正极电位对板栅腐蚀及电池寿命的影响,并讨论了优化的充电方武。     

导电炭黑对锂离子电池循环特性的影响

本工作采用双氧水对导电炭黑进行氧化处理,提高其亲水性; 研究了这种改性的导电炭黑对以水性粘合剂作为电极片粘接剂的锂离子电池的性能与循环特性. 研究结果表明: 在水性粘合剂为电极材料粘接剂体系中,经双氧水处理的导电炭黑显著地降低了电池循环过程中内阻变化率,提高电池循环寿命. 在1 C充/2 C放循环条件下,电池循环寿命提高了47.1%     

全钒液流电池正极和负极材料的处理方法

为了获得大反应电流,全钒氧化还原液流电池使用聚丙烯腈基碳毡为电极活性材料.在空气中热处理碳毡可以增加其表面含氧官能团浓度,改善碳毡的亲水性,降低反应过电位.实验表明:电池的过电位主要由正极反应造成;热处理正极碳毡可以大大降低电池极化内阻,负极碳毡热处理后降低了析氢过电位,从而降低了电池的电流效率;正极使用热处理后的碳毡,负极使用未经处理的原毡,可以获得更好的电池能量效率.     

负极添加剂CoO对储氢合金电极性能的影响

负极添加剂CoO在储氢金合金颗粒表面形成的Co膜有助于抑制合金粉的表面氧化和成分的偏析,进而减少电解液的损耗,因而有助于储氢合金负极和电池性能的提高.本文从电池内阻和容量衰减角度考察了CoO对电池循环寿命的影响.并以溶解—沉积理论为基础,利用循环伏安研究分析了CoO对储氢合金的保护机理..     

负极添加剂CoO对储氢合金电极性能的影响

负极添加剂CoO在储氢金合金颗粒表面形成的Co膜有助于抑制合金粉的表面氧化和成分的偏析，进而减少电解液的损耗，因而有助于储氢合金负极和电池性能的提高。本文从电池内阻和容量衰减角度考察了CoO对电池循环寿命的影响。并以溶解——沉积理论为基础，利用循环伏安研究分析了CoO对储氢合金的保护机理。     

锂离子电池简介

锂离子二次电池于20世纪90年代初由日本SONY公司率先研制成功并实现商品化。所谓锂离子电池是指分别用两个能可逆地嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的化合物作为正负极构成的二次电池。电池在充电时,Li 从正极中脱出,通过电解液和隔膜,嵌入到负极中。反之,电池放电时,Li 由负极中脱嵌,通过电解液和隔膜,重新嵌入到正极中。由于Li 在正负极中有相对固定的空间和位置,因此电池充放电反应的可逆性很好,从而保证了电池的长循环寿命和工作的安全性。锂离子电池具有以下特点:(1)工作电压高。锂离子电池的电压一般在3·6V,是镍镉、镍氢电池工作电压的3倍。(2)…     

CoMoO4水热法制备及其在锂/钠离子电池中的应用

碳基负极材料比容量低,无法满足高能量密度电池的需求.为了进一步寻找高容量长循环寿命的电池负极材料,采用水热反应法制备了自支撑CoMoO₄负极,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料的结构、形貌进行表征,利用循环伏安法和恒电流充/放电等技术对比研究了材料在锂/钠离子电池中的电化学性能.结果表明,CoMoO₄负极在锂离子电池中的首次可逆比容量为1 403.6 mAh/g,首次库伦效率为146.5%,在100 mA/g电流密度下经50次循环后仍然高达793.6 mAh/g;而CoMoO₄负极在钠离子电池中首次可逆比容量仅为314.2 mAh/g,但经50次循环后容量保持率仍有76.4 %.该自支撑负极无需导电剂和粘结剂,电极材料与泡沫镍结合力强,具有优异的循环稳定性.     

高容量型锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展

硅基负极材料由于其具有高容量而被广泛研究,该材料在充/放电过程中巨大的体积变化、低的循环寿命和初始库仑效率阻碍了其商业化应用. 本文分析了硅基负极材料的工作原理,回顾了其在脱/嵌锂过程中的晶体结构、表面/界面的变化以及提高其电化学性能的方法,讨论了锂离子电池硅基负极材料的前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to