内蒙古阿拉善左旗巴音诺尔公花岗岩体TIMS锆石U-Pb年龄

内蒙古自治区阿拉善东南部的巴音诺尔公花岗岩体,地处华北陆块西北缘,霍尔森-查干楚鲁构造带以南的雅布赖-巴音诺尔公构造带内。岩体整体上受NEE向构造控制,主要由中-细粒黑云母花岗岩和中-粗粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩2种岩石类型组成。采用TIMS锆石U-Pb定年法,测得巴音诺尔公岩体不同位置中-细粒黑云母花岗岩和中-粗粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩样品年龄分别为304.7±2.8Ma和289.0±3.8Ma,属于晚石炭世—早二叠世。结合前人资料,提出巴音诺尔公岩体至少存在2期岩浆活动,分别为晚石炭世(304Ma)和早二叠世(289~272Ma)。     

内蒙古东南部晚古生代裂谷区花岗质岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

该区花岗质岩石主要岩性为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。通过对石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年[1],所获得年龄为(313±5)Ma～(323±4)Ma,属于晚石炭世侵入体;前进场和达青二长花岗岩各单元岩体均侵入了该区早二叠世寿山沟组海陆交互相碎屑沉积岩,侵入接触关系明确,红柱石角岩发育。测得前进场岩体和达青岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为(280.8±3.6)Ma和(281.5±0.5)Ma,说明岩体形成于早二叠世晚期;乌兰陶勒盖正长花岗岩岩体获得了259Ma、羊角林高勒二长花岗岩为246～216Ma的U-Pb同位素年龄,说明在晚二叠世—三叠世又有一次侵入高峰。石炭—二叠纪裂谷发育时期,部分跨入三叠纪,先后有3次侵入高峰,即晚石炭世的石英闪长岩、早二叠世的英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩、晚二叠世—三叠纪的二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩。     

辽西杨家杖子侵入岩地球化学和年代学特征及其与成矿的关系

辽西杨家杖子地区位于华北板块北缘,燕山褶皱带东段。该区侵入岩主要有4种类型:中粗粒钾长花岗岩、斑状钾长花岗岩、似斑状钾长花岗岩和细粒角闪二长岩。其中:主体岩石为中粗粒钾长花岗岩、斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩,均呈较大的岩基出露,沿北东向展布,锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其形成于早侏罗世(181~188 Ma);细粒角闪二长岩多呈岩墙或岩脉产出,近南北向展布,锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其形成于晚三叠世(227 Ma左右)。岩石地球化学分析结果显示:斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;细粒角闪二长岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石。斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩富集高场强元素Th、La、Nd、Hf和Gd,亏损高场强元素Ti、Ho和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr;细粒角闪二长岩富集高场强元素Gd、Er和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Hf、Ti、Pr、Y、Yb。稀土配分模式图均为右倾型,轻稀土元素分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏不明显。研究表明该区中生代岩浆作用主要发生在早侏罗世,且与著名的杨家杖子钼矿有着密切的成因联系,而晚三叠世岩浆作用相对较弱。     

内蒙古锡林浩特北早二叠世花岗岩类定年及成因

内蒙古锡林浩特北部朝克乌拉山附近分布有早二叠世花岗岩类,可作为兴蒙造山带东部构造-岩浆活动的研究载体。本文通过对花岗岩类进行岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学的研究,讨论其岩石成因、构造环境。早二叠世侵入岩岩性主要为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、正长斑岩。地球化学上,岩石具有高硅、富碱、贫钙、贫镁的特点,属于偏铝—过铝质碱性花岗岩。轻重稀土元素存在一定程度的分馏,总体表现出轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常,Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf、Sm元素明显富集,Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素显著亏损。岩石的锆石饱和温度为802℃,具有低Sr高Yb特征,指示岩体形成于高温低压环境,结合岩石地球化学表明岩体属于铝质A型花岗岩,其源岩与岛弧岩浆作用有关。锆石U-Pb测年结果为(275.6±1.3) Ma(正长花岗岩)、(274.2±1.4)Ma(正长斑岩),表明岩体形成时代为早二叠世晚期。结合区域上阿木山组中安山岩夹层的锆石U-Pb年龄,古生物、花岗岩证据表明晚石炭世至早二叠世晚期,贺根山洋闭合并完成了板块碰撞挤压到碰撞伸展的转换。     

内蒙古阿尔哈达地区花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄、稀土元素、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

内蒙古阿尔哈达地区位于西伯利亚板块东南缘查干敖包-奥尤特-朝不楞岩浆岩带东段,该区发育大量晚古生代花岗岩,主要岩石类型为似斑状花岗岩和中细粒花岗岩。对该区1件似斑状花岗岩、2件中细粒花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb同位素定年,获得成岩年龄分别为319.0±5.0 Ma(MSWD=4.9)、324.0±2.0 Ma(MSWD=1.3)和332.0±8.5 Ma(MSWD=5.7)。定年结果显示所有花岗岩的形成时代均为早石炭世,属于海西中期。锆石的原位微区稀土元素分析表明,所有花岗岩中的锆石具有轻稀土元素亏损、重稀土元素富集、强烈的正Ce异常和负Eu异常特征,与岩浆锆石的特点一致。Lu-Hf同位素测试结果显示,锆石的εHf(t)值为-0.71~+10.21,二阶段模式年龄为709~1 436 Ma,表明其主要起源于中新元古代增生的地壳。根据已获得的同位素年龄和锆石稀土元素数据,结合野外地质调查和区域构造演化,可以推测阿尔哈达地区可能存在时限为310~330 Ma的构造岩浆活动。     

青海省格尔木市西山铜多金属矿成矿岩体锆石U-Pb定年及地球化学特征

格尔木西山铜多金属矿的成矿岩体为似斑状二长花岗岩,位于昆中断裂与昆北断裂之间的秦祁昆晚加里东造山系内,其理论研究工作十分薄弱.以岩石地球化学、同位素年代学为手段进行研究,表明岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类.稀土、微量元素特征为轻稀土富集型,右倾式,具强负铕异常,富集大离子亲石元素（Th、U、K）,明显亏损高场强元素（如P、Ti）,相对于Rb和Th明显亏损Ba.岩浆为地壳来源,具弱分离结晶花岗岩特征.在似斑状二长花岗岩中获得岩浆锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄（267.5±3.4 Ma）与谐和年龄（267.0±2.9 Ma）的数据,表明岩体形成于中二叠世的同时,也约束了成矿作用的下限.矿床类型应为与花岗质岩浆活动有关的构造热液型多金属矿.      

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗阿木古楞复式花岗岩体时代、 成因及地质意义

阿木古楞岩体位于内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗旗行政中心正北。路线地质调查可分解为两期岩石单元：灰黄色中细粒、粗中粒含巨斑二长花岗岩和灰白色细粒二长花岗岩。前者锆石U Pb加权平均年龄为3142±22Ma,为晚石炭世岩浆活动的产物,后者锆石U Pb加权平均年龄为1671±13Ma,为中—晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。这两期花岗岩副矿物均富含磁铁矿、独居石、磷灰石和榍石,中—晚侏罗世花岗岩还发育萤石矿物。在地球化学特征上,两期花岗岩也表现出相似性：主量元素表现为总体富Si,且有较高的分异指数（DI）及碱/铝（NK/A）、Fe2O/FeO比值,较低的总Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca和P含量;微量元素蛛网图则表现为富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Pb,弱富集轻稀土元素La、Ce,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ba和Sr、Ti;而稀土元素配分图表现出相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分异较大、重稀土曲线却较为平坦的右倾型特征。综合分析认为：两期花岗岩单元均属于高分异准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩,其源区物质均可能为来自亏损地幔物质经过改造形成的年轻的陆壳高K、正常水含量的长英质陆壳岩石物质,且晚石炭世花岗岩单元长英质陆壳岩石物质来源中还混合有幔源的玄武质组分。而其中—晚侏罗世花岗岩单元岩浆来源更有可能源于早期的晚石炭世花岗岩的重熔或部分重熔,至少具有类似的岩浆源区。阿木古楞岩体中晚石炭世花岗岩单元形成于中亚造山挤压造山大地构造背景下的同碰撞晚期构造—岩浆事件,中—晚侏罗世花岗岩单元形成于蒙古—鄂霍次克洋和古太平洋构造域转换、大地构造背景以伸展拉张为主的后碰撞造山构造—岩浆事件。     

海拉尔盆地三期花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其意义

针对海拉尔盆地霍尔坡山岩体、阿浪托洛果伊岩体以及嵯岗岩体的花岗质岩石进行岩石学和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,以便精确限定盆地内花岗岩的形成时代及盆地与区域构造演化的关系。分别采自各岩体的3个花岗岩样品的锆石均呈半自形-自形柱状,显示典型的岩浆生长环带,Th/U比值为0.26~2.08,具有典型的岩浆成因特征。嵯岗岩体细粒钾长花岗岩中锆石的~(206)Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为226.2Ma±2.3Ma,表明其形成时代为晚三叠世,而不是前人确定的石炭世,霍尔坡山岩体钾长花岗岩和阿浪脱洛果依岩体的斜长花岗岩锆石的206Pb/238 U加权平均年分别为155.8 Ma±1.8 Ma和131.5 Ma±1.8 Ma,代表两个岩体的形成时代分别为晚侏罗世和早白垩世,并非同属晚侏罗世。综合分析:嵯岗岩体钾长花岗岩的形成可能为古亚洲洋闭合后伸展作用的产物;霍尔坡山岩体钾长花岗岩的形成应与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋造山后伸展作用有关;阿浪脱洛果依岩体的斜长花岗岩形成于板内裂谷环境,其形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的演化密切相关。     

南阿尔金玉苏普阿勒克塔格花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体是南阿尔金出露面积较大的花岗岩体之一.为了查明该岩体的成因与形成的构造环境,探讨南阿尔金地区的岩浆演化过程,对该岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学方面的研究.研究结果表明玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体主要由中粗粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩及中细粒含斑黑云二长花岗岩组成.本次研究获得中粗粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为442~448 Ma,中细粒含斑黑云二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为423~430 Ma.岩石地球化学显示,早期花岗岩具有准铝质特征（A/CNK=0.97）,晚期花岗岩具有弱过铝质特征（A/CNK=1.04）.两期花岗岩均属于高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,轻稀土富集重稀土亏损,具有Eu的弱负异常.两期花岗岩都富集Rb、Th、K等元素,亏损Ba、P、Sr、Ti等元素.根据两期花岗岩的形成时代,结合区域地质背景认为玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是早古生代南阿尔金洋向北俯冲碰撞,在构造体制转换阶段幔源岩浆上涌新生地壳发生部分熔融形成.      

藏东类乌齐地区花岗质片麻岩锆石Cameca U-Pb定年及其地质意义

西藏东部类乌齐一带吉塘岩群中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩。花岗质片麻岩中锆石Th/U比值较高(Th/U0.49),阴极发光图像显示锆石内部韵律环带明显,具典型岩浆锆石成因的特征。Cameca锆石U-Pb同位素加权平均年龄为282.1Ma±0.9Ma,表明花岗岩岩体形成于早二叠世,暗示澜沧江结合带在早二叠世存在岩浆增生事件。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代

自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.