热声斯特林发动机系统的起消振过程研究

在自行研制的1台行波型热声斯特林发动机上考察其起振和消振行为.针对不同的加热功率和充气压力下,系统地研究了起消振过程中的温度、压力变化特性,着重分析了滞后回路形成的过程和影响热声系统滞后回路的因素,指出滞后回路存在的条件,对深入理解热声系统的起消振行为具有参考意义.     

热声斯特林发动机系统起消振过程研究

在自行研制的1台行波型热声斯特林发动机上考察其起振和消振行为。针对不同的加热功率和充气压力，系统地研究了起消振过程中的温度、压力变化特性，着重分析了滞后回路形成的过程和影响热声系统滞后回路的因素，指出滞后回路存在的条件，对深入理解热声系统的起消振行为具有参考意义。     

驻波热声发动机板叠温度分布的红外观察

为了深入研究热声板叠中的能量流动和分布,采用红外热像仪对自行设计搭建的驻波热声发动机板叠进行了温度场观测,重点分析了起消振过程中板叠的轴向和径向温度分布变化.实验结果表明:在起振时,板叠轴向中部的无量纲温度会出现突然升高并随之保持平稳.通过分析不同板叠安装角度下的板叠温度分布,首次发现自然对流会使起振前板叠的径向温度分...     

大型多功能热声发动机的研制及初步实验 第二部分:热声发动机的初步实验

行波热声发动机在回热器中进行的是可逆热声转换过程,理论上可以更高效地产生和传输声功,因而具有广阔的研究应用前景.对自行研制的大型多功能热声发动机进行了初步实验,着重研究了系统的起振、消振过程及压力波动情况.实验结果表明,该热声发动机比纯驻波型热声发动机具有更低的起振温度、更大的压比及更高的热声转换效率.以氮气为工质,在充气压力为9×105 Pa的条件下,该热声发动机最大压比达1.21,工作频率为25 Hz,这是当前国际上处于前列的实验结果.     

热声起振过程的实验研究

起振过程是热声现象的重要部分之一.在自行研制的混合型热声发动机系统中对起振过程进行了实验研究,通过分析起振过程的压力、频谱变化,总结出起振过程中储能、起振、饱和3个阶段的特性,并分析了亥姆霍兹共鸣器对起振阶段的影响,通过与国外相似实验结果进行对比,指出了之间的共同点以及差异,为开展热声起振机理研究提供了参考.     

初始加热条件对起振温度影响的实验研究

为得到对热声发动机的实际起振条件,针对一台高频行波热声发动机开展了初始加热量对起振温度影响的研究。搭建了实验台并成功观测到临界初始加热功率50 W,采用不同初始加热功率得到临界起振温度并与理论值进行对比发现只要靠近高温端的温度梯度大于临界温度梯度,系统就可起振。     

热声系统起振消振行为的实验研究

对热声系统的起振与消振行为进行了实验研究,发现在的热声振荡滞后回路。研究了不同加热方式（对称加热与单向加热）及充气压力时滞后回路的影响,得出一些令人感兴趣的结论。     

丝网板叠型驻波热声发动机的工作特性研究

基于线性热声理论设计并搭建了一台丝网型驻波热声发动机,采用不同目数的不锈钢丝网进行试验,考察了丝网板叠几何参数和工作压力对热声发动机工作特性的影响,实验结果和线性热声理论计算结果吻合度较好。实验发现,高目数丝网板叠更容易使系统起振,在实验范围内热声发动机采用不同板叠时的最小起振温度均发生在小充气压力下;在不同的充气压力下,存在最优目数的丝网使得发动机性能最佳。对该台热声发动机而言,最佳的丝网水利半径应为热渗透深度的4.5倍左右。     

行波热声发动机末端耦合方式研究

行波热声发动机可与各种声学负载耦合,在对耦合位置的研究基础上,进一步开展负载末端耦合时行波热声发动机的性能研究.同时改变直管谐振管内径和长度,使频率恒为67.7 Hz,保证发动机环路声功转换特性一致.研究表明,当谐振管内径为120 mm时,系统性能最好;以氦气为工质,在平均压力3 MPa、加热功率2 000 W、热端温...     

平板型mLHP实验研究

研制了一套以铜为壳体、不锈钢丝网为毛细芯、丙酮为工质的小型平板型环路热管,实验研究了其系统倾角为10°、50°、90°,工质充灌量为50%、60%和70%条件下的运行特性.实验显示铜一不锈钢一丙酮平板型mLHP具有良好的启动和变工况特性.mLHP系统在热负荷低于18W和高于42W时均能达到稳定运行,而在热负荷介于18～42W的某些工况,系统出现温度波动现象,且其温度波动的波幅和周期与系统倾角、充灌量及热负荷有着密切的关系.系统在变工况运行时具有很快的响应速度,一般在2～3min内达到新平衡状态.此外,在不同工况下系统热阻介于0.45～2.8℃/W之间.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.