6份川西北短芒披碱草种质苗期的抗旱性综合评价

为了探明来自川西北的6份短芒披碱草(Elymus breviaristatus)种质材料的苗期抗旱性差异,采用室内盆栽法对种质进行为期21d的干旱处理,分别于停止浇水第0、7、14和21天取植株叶片,研究了不同水分胁迫条件下各种质的相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、叶绿素(Chl)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性7个生理特征指标的变化,并采用隶属函数法对6份短芒披碱草种质材料的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫对不同抗旱短芒披碱草种质材料的各生理指标有显著的影响(P0.05),其各表型值与对照差异显著(P0.05),且各种质间差异显著(P0.05)。随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,6份短芒披碱草材料的相对含水量和叶绿素含量呈显著下降趋势(P0.05),而丙二醛含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量和POD活性表现出上升趋势,SOD活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。由隶属函数分析7个生理指标得到供试材料苗期抗旱性强弱顺序依次为205176205133红10-5204290红6-5205104。     

草地早熟禾不同品种抗旱性的评价分析

通过连续干旱胁迫下测定6个早熟禾(Poa Pratensis)品种叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)含量及可溶性蛋白含量等指标,鉴定分析了其抗旱性能。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,6个品种的RWC、Chl呈下降趋势;MDA含量、Pro含量、POD含量及可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势。通过隶属函数综合分析,6个草地早熟禾品种抗旱能力大小顺序为黑宝新歌来得月光午夜Ⅱ号奖品橄榄球Ⅱ号。     

天山北坡东西部山地野生鸭茅部分生理生化指标分异性的研究

针对不同区域的鸭茅(Dactylis glmerata)对环境的适应性,选取天山北坡东段与西段鸭茅分布的典型区域,研究分析了鸭茅种群植株部分生理生化特征的差异以及这些性状之间的关联.结果表明:天山西段及东段野生鸭茅除叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不显著外,叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性在种群间均成差异显著(P＜0.05);进一步分析表明,叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b比值的大小与分布生境的海拔、年内降水量有关;MDA含量也反映出分布地段的生境差异性与当地降水量有很大关系a研究结果初步揭示了分布地段野生鸭茅居群在相异生境下适应环境的一些信息,可为该地区鸭茅种质资源的评价与新品种选育等提供部分参考数据.     

11份草地早熟禾种质材料对PEG-6000胁迫的生理响应和耐旱性评价

为鉴定评价11份不同草地早熟禾种质材料幼苗的耐旱性,将种子播种于育苗钵中,待幼苗生长至4～5片真叶时进行15％PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理.测定相对含水量(RWC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、叶绿素(Chl)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖(SS)含量.结果 表明:在干旱胁迫下,11份草地早熟禾种质材料RWC和Chl含量显著降低,而SOD、POD、CAT、Pro、MDA和SS含量均有不同程度的增加;利用隶属函数法分析得出11份供试材料耐旱性强弱排序依次为10-202＞秦州＞橄榄球＞午夜2号＞清水＞10-130＞09-085＞天水＞解放者＞蓝月＞09-61.因此10-202和秦州可作为选育耐旱品种的候选材料.     

多年生黑麦草在高温胁迫下生理生化特性的变化

通过盆栽试验模拟高温胁迫对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)生理生化特性的影响,比较其3个品种的耐热性,并测定高温处理昼夜2种温度下(38℃/28℃)黑麦草的6种生理生化指标的变化.结果表明:随着胁迫时间的延长,各品种叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈递增趋势,游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量亦呈递增趋势,其增加幅度与胁迫时间成正相关;叶绿素呈现持续下降趋势;过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈先上升后下降的趋势.综合评价名仕最为耐热,热销和帅旗2代耐热性没有明显差异.     

不同地区白颖苔草在热胁迫下的生理反应

通过光照培养箱模拟北京地区的高温高湿环境,将来源于黄骅、顺义、丰镇、乌海、海淀5个地区的白颖苔草(Carex rigescens)进行热胁迫21d,以胁迫第1d的数据作为对照,每隔4d对相对电导率、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、保护性酶及可溶性蛋白7个生理指标进行分析比较.结果表明:随着热胁迫时间的延长,与对照相比各材料的过氧化物酶(POD)活性、MDA含量、Pro含量均显著上升之后下降,相对电导率显著增加,可溶性蛋白含量无明显变化,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及叶绿素含量变化趋势各不一致.通过隶属函数法综合分析可知,不同地区的白颖苔草耐热性高低顺序为:黄骅＞乌海＞丰镇＞海淀＞顺义.     

中苜一号紫花苜蓿对混合盐和碱胁迫的生理响应

【目的】明晰中苜一号紫花苜蓿对混合盐和碱胁迫的生理响应。【方法】选用中苜一号紫花苜蓿为材料,以不同浓度盐和碱胁迫为变量,通过测定根苗比,相对含水量,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b,丙二醛（MDA）,脯氨酸（Pro）和抗氧化酶活性变化,分析中苜一号紫花苜蓿抗盐和碱能力。【结果】1）随着盐浓度的增加,中苜一号紫花苜蓿相对含水量无明显变化;根苗比、MDA含量、Pro、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性整体呈上升趋势,相比CK分别提高了20.00%、20.21%、28.76%、2.35%、29.31%和30.00%;叶绿素a/b和过氧化物酶（POD）整体呈下降趋势,叶绿素a和叶绿素b表现为“低促高抑”的特点。2）随着碱浓度的增加,中苜一号MDA含量、Pro、SOD、POD和APX活性整体呈上升趋势,较CK分别提高了31.70%、48.29%、10.00%、27.30%和75.20%;相对含水量、叶绿素a/b和CAT活性整体呈下降趋势;根苗比、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量呈先上升后下降趋势。3）中苜一号紫花苜蓿盐胁迫的平均隶属函数值为0.428,碱胁迫的...     

重金属镉对野生披碱草生长与生理特性的影响

采用温室盆栽试验法,对采自国内不同地区的20份野生披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz)种质材料的耐镉性进行了研究,通过对苗期株高、地上生物量、存活率等指标的测定与分析,并采用隶属函数综合评价法筛选出耐镉性最强、中等和最弱的3份材料对其进行了SOD(超氧化物酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)、PPO(多酚氧化酶)等指标的测定,研究镉胁迫下披碱草保护酶活性的响应.结果表明:随着镉浓度的升高,20份野生披碱草种质材料苗期的相对株高、相对地上生物量、存活率、相对分蘖数和叶组织含水量均呈显著下降趋势,经综合评价筛选出耐镉性最强的12号、15号和11号等材料,耐镉性最差的7号和16号等材料及耐镉性中等的3号、5号和9号等材料.随着胁迫浓度的增加,耐镉性强和中等的材料叶片中SOD、POD和PPO活性不断升高,而耐性差的材料叶片中SOD和POD的活性则呈现下降趋势.镉胁迫对叶片中MDA和Pro的含量也有显著的影响,不同材料间变化差异明显.     

高温季节草地早熟禾草坪质量与叶片抗氧化酶活性的变化

为探讨高温伏旱胁迫下草地早熟禾草坪质量的下降与其植物体生理活性的关系,本试验在南京夏季田间调查了6个草地早熟禾品种的草坪盖度、密度、综合质量、叶片叶绿素含量及叶片组织含水量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,随着夏季高温伏旱强度的增加和持续时间的延长,各品种的草坪盖度、密度、综合质量、叶片叶绿素含量和组织含水量均持续显著下降,8月中旬的草坪综合质量和叶片组织含水量分别比6月中旬降低了12.1%~27.6%和14.2%~27.6%;8月中旬叶片组织的SOD和POD活性分别比6月中旬下降了36.5%~55.0%和46.9%~65.7%,而MDA含量则增加了19.8%~88.7%。田间高温伏旱胁迫下草坪综合质量和叶片叶绿素含量、组织含水量、SOD与POD活性的降低幅度,以及叶片组织MDA含量的增加幅度均存在显著的品种间差异。较耐高温的“南农选系”和Midnight(W)在胁迫下的变化幅度明显小于不耐热的品种Bluechip、Sobra,以及耐热中等的品种America和Midnight(B),夏季草坪综合质量显著高于其它品种。相关分析结果表明,田间高温伏旱胁迫下草坪综合质量与叶片组织POD活性的下降幅度呈显著负相关。田间高温伏旱期间叶片组织保持较高的含水量和POD活性可能是草地早熟禾品种抗高温伏旱的重要标志之一。     

不同居群马蔺抗旱性评价及生理指标变化分析

对我国北方不同居群的15份野生马蔺种质材料采用温室苗期模拟旱境胁迫-复水方法,于干旱胁迫0,5,10,15,20,25 d和复水后5 d分别取样测定叶片相对电导率(REC)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素SPAD值、相对含水量(RWC)、植株相对生长率(RGR)等生理与生长指标,利用欧氏最大距离法聚类分析划分为强抗旱、中度抗旱和弱抗旱3个抗旱级别,研究其生理指标的变化趋势和规律。结果显示,在连续干旱胁迫下,3个抗旱级别马蔺种质材料的REC、Pro和MDA均呈逐渐增加趋势,增幅表现为强抗旱<中度抗旱<弱抗旱,于胁迫前20 d三者间REC差异不显著,但胁迫到25 d时,呈显著差异(P<0.05);于胁迫前15 d 三者间Pro、MDA差异不显著,但胁迫到20和25 d时,差异均显著(P<0.05)。3个抗旱级别种质的叶绿素SPAD 值和RWC呈逐渐下降趋势,降幅表现为强抗旱<中度抗旱<弱抗旱,分别于胁迫到20和25 d达到显著差异(P<0.05)。复水后,各指标均有不同程度的恢复。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.