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难降解毒性有机污染物废水高级氧化技术 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
着重介绍处理废水中难降解毒性有机污染物的高级氧化技术──湿式空气氧化法、超临界水氧化法、光化学氧化法、声化学氧化法及其相应的催化氧化法,评价这些方法的特点及应用前景。 相似文献
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采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法、恒电位计时电流法,并结合高效液相色谱方法,研究了苯酚在金刚石膜电极上的电化学氧化降解过程.结果表明,苯酚在电化学氧化降解中经历了苯二酚、苯醌的形成和进一步被氧化的过程,苯二酚在反应过程中的积累很少,迅速氧化为苯醌,而醌类中间产物则较难进一步氧化,在反应过程中积累的浓度较高.苯酚在金刚石膜电极上有不同的电化学氧化反应途径,在低于金刚石膜电极析氧电位下,发生单纯直接电化学氧化过程;在高于金刚石膜电极析氧电位下,间接电化学氧化和直接电化学氧化将同时发生作用. 相似文献
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废水处理催化超临界水氧化法影响因素及动力学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
归纳了催化超临界水氧化法的影响因素并分析其相互间的关系 ,阐明催化剂作用的重要性。此外 ,论文还推导了反应体系普遍的动力学模型 ,分别分析了环状化合物、难降解中间产物及含氮化合物的动力学特征参数及反应条件的制约关系 ,在此基础上讨论复杂有机化合物废水的反应动力学行为 ,以期为实际废水处理提供理论指导。论文的最后对催化超临界水氧化法的工程开发与实际应用化问题提出了若干构想与建议。 相似文献
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Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol in subcritical and
supercritical water with sodium hydroxide addition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol (PCP, C6HC150), as the probable human carcinogen, was investigated in a tubular reactor under subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) addition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 30(0-420℃ and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa, with a residence time that ranged from 10 s to 70 s. Under the reaction conditions, the initial PCP concentrations were varied from 0.25 to 1.39 mmol/L, and the NaOH concentrations were varied from 2.5 to 25 times of the concentrations of PCP. The result of this study showed that PCP conversion in supercritical water was highly dependent on the reaction temperature, residence time, and NaOH concentration. PCP conversion in subcritical water is, however, only dependent on reaction temperature. NaOH concentration and residence times were found to have little effect on PCP conversion in subcritical condition. It was found that NaOH concentration affected the dechlorinations of PCP in the supercritical water. The intermediates detected were proposed to be tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, respectively. 相似文献
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The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)is a potential carcinogens and TNT contaminated wastewater,which could not be effectively disposed with conventional treatments.The supercritical water oxidation(SCWO)to treat TNT contaminated wastewater was studied in this article.The TNT concentration in wastewater was measured by high-performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC)and the degraded intermediates were analyzed using GC-MS.The results showed that SCWO could degrade TNT efficiently in the presence of oxygen.The reaction temperature,pressure,residence time and oxygen excess were the main contributing factors in the process.The decomposition of TNT was accelerated as the temperature or residence time increased.At 550℃,24 MPa,120 s and oxygen excess 300%,TNT removal rate could exceed 99.9%.Partial oxidation occured in SCWO without oxygen.It was concluded that supercritical water was a good solvent and had excellent oxidation capability in the existence of oxygen.The main intermediates of TNT during SCWO included toluene,1,3,5-trinitrobenzene,nitrophenol,naphthalene,fluorenone,dibutyl phthalate,alkanes and several dimers based on the intermediate analysis.Some side reactions,such as coupled reaction,hydrolysis reaction and isomerization reaction may take place simultaneously when TNT was oxidized by SCWO. 相似文献
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The supercritical water gasification of phenolic wastewater without oxidant was performed to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen-enriched gases. The simulated o-cresol wastewater was gasified at 440-650℃ and 27.6 MPa in a continuous Inconel 625 reactor with the residence time of 0.42-1.25 min. The influence of the reaction temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst, oxidant and the pollutant concentration on the gasification efficiency was investigated. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced the o-cresol gasification. The TOC removal rate and hydrogen gasification rate were 90.6% and 194.6%, respectively, at the temperature of 650℃ and the residence time of 0.83 min. The product gas was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CFL and CO, among which the total molar percentage of H2 and CFL was higher than 50%. The gasification efficiency decreased with the pollutant concentration increasing. Both the catalyst and oxidant could accelerate the hydrocarbon gasification at a lower reaction temperature, in which the catalyst promoted H2 production and the oxidant enhanced CO2 generation. The intermediates of liquid effluents were analyzed and phenol was found to be the main composition. The results indicate that the supercritical gasification is a promising way for the treatment of hazardous organic wastewater. 相似文献
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Supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol and desizing wastewater:Influence of NaOH on the organic decomposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jie Zhang Shuzhong Wang Yang Guo Donghai Xu Yanmeng Gong Xingying Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(8):1583-1591
Polyvinyl alcohol is a refractory compound widely used in industry. Here we report supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol solution and desizing wastewater with and without sodium hydroxide addition. However, it is difficult to implement complete degradation of organics even though polyvinyl alcohol can readily crack under supercritical water treatment. Sodium hydroxide had a significant catalytic effect during the supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol. It appears that the OH ion participated in the C-C bond cleavage of polyvinyl alcohol molecules, the CO2-capture reaction and the neutralization of intermediate organic acids, promoting the overall reactions moving in the forward direction. Acetaldehyde was a typical intermediate product during reaction. For supercritical water oxidation of desizing wastewater, a high destruction rate (98.25%) based on total organic carbon was achieved. In addition, cases where initial wastewater was alkaline were favorable for supercritical water oxidation treatment, but salt precipitation and blockage issues arising during the process need to be taken into account seriously. 相似文献
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超临界水氧化技术是一种能够高效分解有机废物的新型环境友好技术。以质量平衡方程和能量平衡方程为基础,对废液处理量为300 m3/d利用水膜反应器超临界水氧化反应系统的经济性进行分析,并同其他有机废液处理技术进行比较。结果表明:系统的能量利用率可达到56.4%;利用超临界水氧化技术处理有机废液的成本为33.05元/m3左右;该技术处理废液范围广,产物清洁,尤其适用于二恶英、多氯联苯等有毒有害难降解物质的处理,且反应能量和产物CO2可回收利用,不仅经济上可行,还具有很好的环境效益。 相似文献
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超临界流体技术在环境科学中的应用进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了超临界流体的基本性质及超临界流体萃取技术和超临界水氧化技术的工作原理,指出了超临界二氧化碳和超临界水的特殊价值和优点,并详细讨论了超临界CO2萃取(SFE)技术和超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术的研究历程及其在环境科学中的应用与前景. 相似文献
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超临界水处理有机废物研究新进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
超临界水处理废物以通过添加氧化剂的超临界水氧化和不加氧化剂的超临界水萃取两种方式实现,超临界水氧化应用较多,与其它废物处理技术相比有显著优点。本文总结了超临界水氧化流程和反应机理,评述了添加剂,温度,压力及停留时间,催化剂等对超临界水氧化反应的影响,同时介绍了超临界水氧化和超临界水萃取的最新应用研究状况及尚需解决问题。 相似文献
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复合垂直流人工湿地基质生化活性研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
文章测定了复合垂直流人工湿地基质生物膜生物量的空间分布、纤维素分解作用强度、氨化作用强度、酚分解作用强度、耗氧速率、厌氧活性等指标,结果表明:下行流池基质的纤维素分解作用、氨化作用、酚分解作用、耗氧速率等均高于上行流池,表层高于中下层,各指标变化趋势与生物膜生物量的空间分布存在明显的一致性;下行流池表层基质是污染物降解的主要空间;但上行流池基质的厌氧活性高于下行池;同时发现钴离子对基质厌氧微生物活性存在一定的影响,随着浓度的升高表现为先激活后降低。这些研究为阐明人工湿地净化机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献