催化干气制乙苯装置的优化

采用国内第三代催化干气制乙苯技术,以抚顺石化公司石油二厂的催化干气为原料来设计和优化一套12万t·a-1的乙苯装置.在设计之中,采用干气水洗除碱性物质、干气脱硫新工艺、优化换热流程等新技术新措施,来解决催化裂化装置中,随着原料掺渣比提高、乙苯原料干气的H2S质量分数急剧上升,对乙苯里的二甲苯质量分数要求越来越严格的新情况,使得装置的能耗大幅度下降,催化剂寿命成倍延长,产品的质量达到国家优级品,各项性能指标均达到国外先进水平.     

柠檬酸处理对FCC干气与苯烷基化催化剂的影响

采用ZSM-5/ZSM-11共结晶分子筛催化剂,在固定床反应装置上对催化裂化干气与苯制乙苯进行考察。 NH₃-TPD结果表明,随着水热处理条件的苛刻, 催化剂的酸量和酸强度均下降, 虽然这些催化剂上干气中乙烯转化率变化不明显, 但产物中二甲苯含量大幅度下降。 柠檬酸对分子筛催化剂进行改性处理后, 可明显降低催化裂化干气与苯制乙苯中二甲苯杂质含量, 原因可能为催化剂大的比表面积和孔容改善了原料的传质能力, 从而抑制了二甲苯的生成。     

降低干气中C3以上组分含量措施

2011年底延安炼油厂乙苯、苯乙烯装置建成投产，对原料气（干气）品质要求较高，而2011年100万吨／年催化裂化装置干气质量较差，为确保三联合正常运行，对催化裂化装置的现状进行分析，找出了导致吸收稳定系统干气中丙烯及C5含量高的原因，并进行了相应整改和工艺参数调整，系统工况得到极大优化，干气中丙烯和C5含量分别降低了1．2和0．7个百分点。     

SEB-08催化剂在干气制乙苯装置的工业应用

烷基化催化剂SEB-08在中海油东方石化有限责任公司120 kt/a干气制乙苯装置的应用情况。该催化剂在开工过程中不需要活化,开工容易。此外,该催化剂还具有较高的活性与稳定性,主要体现在该催化剂反应起始温度低,再生周期较长。催化剂在该装置的运行结果表明,控制反应干气中丙烯含量低于300 mg/kg,严格控制循环苯中非芳和甲苯含量处于较低水平,乙苯产品中二甲苯含量、苯耗等都处在较低水平,表明该催化剂具备良好的选择性。     

催化裂化干气制乙苯技术工业化加快

中科院大连化物所和抚顺石油二厂研究开发的催化裂化干气制乙苯第三代、第四代新技术，在大庆林源炼油厂开始工业化应用。记获悉，采用这一成套技术建设的10万吨／年的乙苯生产装置已于8月中旬在大庆林源炼油厂正式动工，我国催化裂化干气制乙苯成套技术工业化应用速度明显加快。     

从催化裂化干气中吸收丙烯

针对催化裂化干气制乙苯技术的发展和干气中丙烯对催化剂及成套技术的影响进行了对干气中丙烯选择吸收以降低其中丙烯含量的研究.通过苯、乙苯、柴油、反烃化料和乙苯/反烃化料等吸收剂对干气中丙烯吸收效果对比,表明,采用m(乙苯)/m(反烃化料)混合料对干气中丙烯吸收效果最理想.采用低温和高吸收剂/干气体积比有利于乙苯/反烃化料的混合物吸收剂对干气中丙烯的吸收,且吸收剂吸收后的气体在一定的条件下可解吸,解吸后的吸收剂可循环使用,利用吸收后的催化裂化干气制乙苯可明显降低苯耗和提高乙基化产物选择性.     

不同预提升介质对催化裂化装置分离过程的影响

根据一套80万 t/a 催化裂化装置的数据,采用 PROII 模拟软件对干气和蒸汽两种预提升介质时催化裂化装置的分离过程进行了流程模拟计算,对比了两种工况下分馏和吸收稳定系统主要设备的负荷、规格和操作条件等因素,以指导装置的设计和操作.     

催化裂化装置中催化剂管道的设计要则

催化裂化装置中催化剂管道设计的好坏直接影响到提升管反应器与再生器之间转剂的速度、流化床层的建立等。分析了催化裂化装置中催化剂管道输送参数,介绍了催化剂管道的特点、管道及其配件的选择、主管及其辅助管路的布置要点。     

选择转化提纯催化裂化干气中乙烯的研究

采用改性 ZS M-5沸石催化剂,可使催化裂化干气中丙烯、丁烯转化为烃类,其中95％的乙烯被保留.此技术用于干气制乙苯工艺,将使苯耗减少20％。     

催化裂化干气加工利用技术进展

为避免催化裂化干气燃烧造成的资源浪费,有效提高炼油企业经济效益,回收催化裂化干气中主要组分或对催化裂化干气直接加工生成有用成分是非常有必要的。本文介绍了催化裂化干气主要组分的回收工艺(深冷分离法、变压吸附法、膜分离法、膨胀机法、吸收分离法、水合物分离法)和催化裂化干气直接加工利用工艺(干气制乙苯、环氧乙烷,干气芳构化制混合芳烃)及相应的工业应用情况,为炼油企业选择催化裂化干气回收、加工工艺提供一定的指导作用。     

焦油一次汽化温度计算方法的探讨

利用相平衡原理得出的焦油蒸馏时一次汽化温度的计算方法,其结果与按经验公式的计算结果进行了比较,同时讨论了一次汽化温度与焦油馏分产率及二段蒸发器过热蒸汽用量的关系。     

Techniques for screening adhesives for structural applications

—Due to its chemistry, no structural adhesive system (epoxies, acrylics, etc.) is likely to offer an ideal combination of toughness, strength, moisture resistance, and ambient-temperature curing. Therefore, for effective use of adhesives in primary structures, an engineer must be able to identify adhesives that represent an optimum compromise among the different properties. In this paper, we present techniques for screening high-strength, ambient-temperature-curing adhesives for (1) moisture resistance under sustained loading and (2) fracture resistance in a way that is directly related to joint performance.     

Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion

Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group B received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% β-TCP, and Group D received 60% HAp/40% β-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; p < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; p < 0.0001). In an immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone conductivity to HAp and β-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and β-TCP.     

Demand Increases for New Fungicides for Rice

<正> After June this year China's regions growingmiddle and late rice had widespread blastand sheath/culm blight.Such diseasesplagued 19.2 million hectares.Starting fromJuly the market for new fungicides that cancontrol blast and sheath/culm blight for ricewas more and more active.Makers of traditional pesticides for thecontrol of blast have to contend with fiercecompetition from new pesticides in marketthis year.Kitazine,iprobenfos,isoprothiolane and tricyclazole,oftenused by farmers in the past,are graduallybeing replaced by new varieties with high