等离子喷涂Al2O3+13wt%TiO2陶瓷涂层的 激光重熔处理

本文用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜和显微硬度研究了等离子喷涂Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋１３ｗｔ％ＴｉＯ２陶瓷涂层激光重熔处理后陶瓷熔化层的组织结构及硬度变化特征。激光重熔区亚稳相Ｙ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３转变成为稳定相α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３：ＴｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３反应生成ＴｉＡｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷熔化层致密,无孔隙、少裂纹或无裂纹;熔化层硬度有较大提高,且随激光能量密度的增大而增大,而涂层设计对其影响很小。此外,激光重熔能极大地提高陶瓷的涂层的耐磨     

γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金激光表面合金化制备Al_2O_3/TiAl耐磨复合材料涂层研究

以镍包Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉末为原料对γ－ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物合金进行激光表面合金化,制得无裂纹、表面光滑、内部组织致密、厚度可达１．０ｍｍ、以快速凝固Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３硬质相为增强相的“原位”耐磨复合材料合金层,通过预热及缓冷可以消除涂层开裂现象。涂层与基体的结合为完全冶金结合,激光表面合金化后ＴｉＡｌ合金硬度及在滑动磨损及磨料磨损条件下耐磨性均大幅度提高。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金SiC粉激光表面合金化组织与耐磨性

利用预涂ＳｉＣ粉的方法对Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金进行激光表面合金化实验,制得了以ＴｉＣ和金属间化合物Ｔｉ_５Ｓｉ_３为增强相的耐磨复合材料表面改性层,合金层硬度及在二体磨料磨损与滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性均大幅度提高。表明利用ＳｉＣ粉激光表面合金化是提高钛合金耐磨性的一种有效方法。     

SiCp/6061Al复合材料激光表面熔化及合金化显微组织与耐蚀性

为提高颗粒增强铝基复合材料耐蚀性，对ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料进行激光表面熔化和激光表面合金化。结果表明：激光表面熔化后，因熔化层中形成大量耐蚀性低的针状Ａｌ_４Ｃ_３相及Ａｌ_４ＳｉＣ相而使激光表面熔化层耐蚀性降低，以Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｂ粉末为原料对ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料进行激光表面合金化后，合金层耐蚀性明显提高。     

γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金Ti-48Al-2Cr-2ZNb激光表面合金化组织与耐磨性研究

γ－ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物合金由于比强度、比刚度及高温力学性能优异,被誉为最有前途的新一代高温结构材料,耐磨性是其用作高温运动部件的性能之一。为提高γ－ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物合金的耐磨性,本文分别采用氮气及预涂ＴｉＮ粉、碳粉、ＴｉＣ粉等方法对Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ金属间化合物合金进行激光表面合金化,成功地制得了分别以ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ等硬质耐磨相为增强相的、厚度可达０．６～２．５ｍｍ、表面平整无裂纹、内部组织致密均匀的快速凝固“原位”金属基耐磨复合材料表面改性层,初步优化出了相应的激光表面合金化…     

用定量电子晶体学方法研究金属间化合物的电荷密度

本工作应用定量电子晶体学方法，对钒合金化前后的γ－ＴｉＡｌ等轴晶、不同温度变工艺得到的γ－ＴｉＡｌ等轴晶以及加硼前后的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ单晶的低指数结构因子值进行了定量测定，并通过Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换和Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程得到晶体单胞内的电荷密度分布。     

生长气氛对Ti~（3＋）：Al_2O_3单晶光纤质量的影响

在不同性质的气氛下，用激光加热基座法（ＬＨＰＧ法），生长Ｔｉ３＋：Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶光纤。作了显微观察，拍摄了透视照片，同时对其钛离子浓度进行了光谱定量分析．并研究了不同性质的气氛对Ｔｉ３＋：Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶光纤的内部缺陷（气泡，散射颗粒等）、外部形貌、钛离子浓度的影响。     

Al2O3／TiB2和Al2O3／TiB2／SiCW陶瓷材料氧化层的显微结构分析

用Ｘ射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜／能谱仪分析了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣＷ陶瓷材料在１３００℃氧化３０小时后氧化层的相组成及显著结构。     

Ti~（3＋）离子掺杂浓度与Ti：Al_2O_3晶体的光谱畸变

通过室温下掺杂浓度为０．０３～０．４５Ｗｔ－％范围的Ｔｉ：Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的偏振激发光谱，荧光光谱和吸收光谱的测量，从实验上确信，Ｔｉ３＋在Ａｌ２Ｏ３基质晶体中不易形成Ｔｉ３＋离子对。并且发现，随着Ｔｉ３＋离子掺杂浓度的提高，偏振激发光谱发生了（ｌ）肩／峰强度比增加和（２）长波展宽现象，而相应波段的吸收光谱却未发现这种浓度效应导致的线型畸变。     

生长气氛对Ti^3＋：Al2O3单晶光纤质量的影响

在不同性质的气氛下，用激光加热基座法，生长Ｔｉ＾３＋：Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶光纤，作了显微观察，拍摄了透视照片，同时对其钛离子浓度进行了光谱定量分析。并研究了不同性质的气氛对Ｔｉ＾３＋：Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶光纤的内部缺陷（气泡，散射颗粒等）、外部形貌、钛离子浓度的影响。     

Structural properties of alloyed Ti/Al/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Mo/Au ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN

Two alloyed ohmic contact structures for AlGaN/GaN–Ti/Al/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Mo/Au were studied. Both structures were optimized for minimum ohmic contact resistance. Structures grown on sapphire and SiC substrates were used to investigate structural properties of ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN. Ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN on SiC showed higher contact resistance values compared to contacts to AlGaN/GaN on sapphire. Ohmic contact metals were etched on samples after annealing. The alloyed interface was studied with backside illumination under an optical microscope. Alloyed inclusions associated with threading dislocations were observed on the surface. For the AlGaN/GaN on SiC sample the inclusion density was an order of magnitude lower than for the sample on sapphire. Conductive atomic force microscopy with carbon nanotube tip was used to investigate topography and conductivity profile of the surface after ohmic contact metal removal by etching.     

激光合金化Mn-Al2O3和Mn-Al2O3-NiWC涂层的磨蚀性能研究

为了提高不锈钢桨叶的表面耐磨蚀性能,采用激光合金化技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备了Mn-Al2O3和Mn-Al2O3-NiWC合金化层,原位获得均由枝晶、共晶和未熔氧化铝颗粒组成的高锰钢基复合耐磨蚀涂层,并通过正交试验研究了两种合金化层的显微组织和耐磨蚀性能。结果表明,所有的正交参量下激光合金化Mn-Al2O3均可提高不锈钢的耐磨性,但耐蚀性有的提高,有的降低;参量因素对合金化层耐磨性的影响顺序为Al2O3添加量、扫描速率、激光功率,对耐蚀性的影响次序则恰恰相反;Al2O3添加量决定了Mn-Al2O3复合涂层中硬质相的含量,从而决定了涂层硬度和耐磨性;两种合金化层表面均发生晶界腐蚀、晶粒内和晶界处的点蚀,其耐蚀性与其多种组织、物相及各自的化学成分和耐蚀性及组织均匀性相关。     

Characterization of TiAl alloy films for potential application in MEMS bimorph actuators

In this letter, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying TiAl alloy film for the fabrication of bimorph actuators. The TiAl alloy films were prepared by thermal annealing at 400°C of Ti/Al multilayers, which were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering from Ti and Al targets. The microstructure and surface morphology of TiAl alloy films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that TiAl alloy film is formed in the mixed phases of TiAl₃ and Ti₃₆Al₆₄, depending on the deposition conditions. The resistivity of TiAl film is about 9 μΩ cm, and the stress is about 200 MPa. Our nano-indentation measurements showed that the Young's modulus and hardness of TiAl alloy films are 175 and 6.5 GPa, respectively, which are larger than that of Al and comparable to Si. We have successfully fabricated the bimorph actuators based on the TiAl alloy films and our test cantilevers up to 500 μm long showed very straight with tip bending as small as ±5 μm, indicating negligible stress gradient in TiAl film. Our preliminary testing results indicated that TiAl alloy film has potential application for bimorph actuators.     

K418合金激光熔覆Ni-Cr-Ti-Al涂层的组织研究

采用机械球磨法获得混合均匀的Ni-Cr-Ti-Al熔覆材料;并利用CO2激光器在K418镍基高温合金表面制备了不同化学成分的Ni-Cr-Ti-Al涂层;采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段探讨了不同成分涂层与基体合金的结合情况。分析比较了Ni,Ti和Al含量对熔覆涂层的组织特征的影响。结果表明,在熔覆过程中,Ti,Al合金元素与Ni相互作用将形成Ni2TiAl,Ni3(Al,Ti),Ni3Ti和NiAl金属间化合物相;Ni-Cr-Ti-Al熔覆涂层以Ni3(Al,Ti)相形成的枝晶组织为主,Ni2TiAl,Ni3Ti及NiAl相分布在Ni3(Al,Ti)枝晶间;其中,Ni66.11Cr7.35Ti14.39Al12.15熔覆涂层形成了TiAl合金与K418合金之间成分和性能的良好过渡,为实现TiAl合金/K418合金异种合金间的扩散连接提供了良好的组织基础。     

TC4表面激光熔覆TiAl合金涂层的工艺和组织性能

为了实现TC4钛合金表面TiAl合金涂层的大面积制备及实际应用,采用激光熔覆的方法在TC4钛基体上制备单道和搭接的TiAl合金涂层。通过表面形貌和界面特征分析了涂层的熔覆质量,对涂层的物相组成与显微组织进行研究,测试了熔覆层界面及搭接层之间的硬度分布。结果表明,涂层与基体之间属于冶金结合,涂层内部没有裂纹和孔隙等缺陷,涂层中Ti/Al主要以TiAl(γ)、Ti₃Al(α₂)以及与微量元素的化合物形式存在,涂层主要由双态组织和片层组织组成,测试得到单道熔覆涂层和搭接涂层平均硬度是基体的1.44倍以上,多道搭接涂层的组织分布相比单道涂层更加均匀;涂层可进行大范围的多道搭接熔覆,证明了TiAl涂层对TC4基体表面改性方法可行性。该研究对于实现涂层的实际应用具有重要意义。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al3+掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶方法在载玻片衬底上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光透射光谱(UV-Vis transmittance spectrum)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了退火温度和Al3+掺杂浓度对ZnO:Al薄膜结构和光学性能的影响.结果表明,随退火温度的升高或进行适当浓度的Al3+掺杂,可...     

Deformation and bonding processes in aluminum ultrasonic wire wedge bonding

The ultrasonic wire bonding (UWB) process has been examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and standard wire pull testing techniques. Al-0.5 wt.% Mg wires 75 μm in diameter were bonded to pure and alloyed Al substrates. The bonding parameters, surface roughness, and surface contamination levels were variables in the experiments. Cross-section TEM specimens were made from these samples. TEM analysis was conducted on the wire, wire/substrate interface and substrate. Pull tests showed that for the Al substrates the surface roughness or the presence of contamination did not effect the bond strength, whereas for contaminated stainless steel substrates, a three μm surface finish resulted in the highest bond pull strength. The TEM observations revealed features such as low-angle grain boundaries, dislocation loops and the absence of a high dislocation density, indicating that the wire and substrate were dynamically annealed during bonding. Based on the width of a zone near a grain boundary in the wire which was depleted of dislocation loops, it was estimated that local heating equivalent to a temperature of 250° C for 90 msec was achieved in the wire during bonding. No evidence was found for melting along the bond interface, indicating that UWB is a solid-state process. Based on the TEM observationsof the bond interface and the pull tests, it is concluded that the ultrasonic vibrations clean the surfaces to be joined to the extent that a good bond can be obtained by intimate metal-metal contact in the clean areas.     

二相TiAl基金属间化合物层片结构中的位错组态

利用弱束暗场技术透射电镜拉伸台观察了二相ＴｉＡｌ基金属间化合物层片结构中的位错组态，发现层片结构中含有丰富的位错网络，位错亚晶界以及界面位错墙。位错与拉伸变形时的位错滑移线均可贯通ＴｉＡｌ及Ｔｉ３Ａｌ层片，反映了民支片间的协调变形。     

Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived from Zero‐Valent Metal Substrates: Mechanisms of Formation and Modulation of Properties

The replicative construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) templated with solvent‐insoluble solid substrates is of marked importance, as it allows for the assembly of 2D and 3D macro‐ and mesoscopic architectures with properties that are challenging to attain by the conventional solution‐based synthesis approach. This work reports an in situ and direct construction of MOFs from zero‐valent metal substrates via a green hydrothermal oxidation–MOF construction chemistry without the use of any additional metal source, chemical reagents, or acidification of solvent, and elucidates the zero‐valent metal derived formation mechanisms of MOFs and their structure modulation to 1D nanofibers (NFs), 2D film, and 3D core–shell microstructures. Through modulation of the competing surface oxidation‐dissolution and MOF crystallization kinetics, Al@MIL‐53 core–shell microstructures and MIL‐53 (Al) NFs are obtained that exhibit unique morphologies and marked properties superior to the conventional MIL‐53 (Al) powders. The generality of zero‐valent metal‐templated synthesis of MOFs is demonstrated with formation of MIL‐53 (Al), HKUST‐1, and ZIF‐7 polycrystalline films on Al, Cu, and Zn metal meshes, elucidating the significance of the approach utilizing solid metal substrate that can be easily processed into various shapes, architectures, and compositions.     

45~#钢激光铬钼合金层性能的研究

本文对45~#钢表面激光铬、钼合金化前后各项性能进行了分析比较。结果表明,激光铬钼合金化可使45~#钢表面耐磨性提高1～2倍,也可使45~#钢表面的抗高温氧化性和耐酸腐蚀性有较大程度的改善。