如何利用彩色红外航片编制城市现状图

随着国民经济的发展,各类城市地图及地图集的编制已提到议事日程上来。原有的大比例尺城市地图大多是70年代以前编制的,近些年城市建设的发展很快、变化较大,急需编制一批适时的城市地图,以供经济建设的需要;同时,为了有计划、全面地进行城市规划,也迫切需要能详尽反映城市现状的地图。城市现状图的编制具有重要意义,本文仅探讨利用彩色红外航片编制城市现状图方面的几个问题。     

对城市系列公益地图编制特点的探讨

以武汉城市系列公益地图的编制为例,探讨了城市系列公益地图在编制过程中体现其科学性、艺术性、公益性的方法,从而提高城市地图的编制质量和服务质量。     

“十全十美”《吉林省城市地图系列》设计及编制分析

介绍了"十全十美"《吉林省城市地图系列》的设计及编制特点,并对当前城市地图产品开发的意义、城市地图生产现状及编制流程进行了探讨。     

刍议城市地图

城市地图是专题地图的一个重要分支。该文从城市地图的历史发展,城市地图的概念、研究对象和范围,城市地图类型的划分,城市地图的特征和编制特点等方面对城市地图进行了简要而系统的论述。     

城市旅游图的编制与设想

城市旅游图是旅游图的一种,同时也属城市地图的范畴。随着旅游事业的迅速发展,国际交往的日益扩大,以及城市地理研究的深入,旅游地图的编制和研究也日益受到重视。国内外许多城市都编制了各种类型的城市旅游图。     

《中国城市地图集》编制的尝试

建设部为了科学地、全面地表达我国城市自然环境、社会经济、地理特征及城市的发展演变、远景规划等，委托中国城市地图编辑部主编，编制了《中国城市地图集》，已由中国地图出版社出版。     

城市地图的内容和功能

城市地图是城市研究的可靠工具和城市研究成果的表达方式。现代城市的发展决定了城市研究内容的复杂性,也推动了城市地图的发展,使城市地图的内容丰富、图种增多、功能和作用不断扩大。在这种认识的基础上,本文提出按城市地图的内容分为城市普通地图和城市专题图,有助于提高对现代城市地图的认识。     

测绘简讯

《城市测量规范》是城乡建设环境保护部部颁标准，由北京市测绘处等十一个单位组成的编写组在1959年《城市测量规范》（草案）的基础上编制而成的。新规范增加了城市航空摄影测量、城市工程测量、城市地图编制等内容，在基本精度规格方面也有较大变动。     

城市地图公交线路表示方法的新尝试

城市地图公交线路表示方法的新尝试陈俊鸿（广州地理研究所５１００７０）随着我国都市化的发展，城市数量不断增多，其规模也不断扩大，特别是北京、上海、广州等特大城市，自改革开放以来，城市范围不断增大，使城市的公共交通体系也日益复杂化。传统的城市交通图已经难...     

高分辨率卫星遥感数据在城市地图更新中的应用

城市地图是全面反映城市发展和城市社会经济现象的综合信息载体,是城市基础空间数据库和城市GIS的重要组成部分。文章就高分辨率卫星遥感数据在城市地图更新中的工艺、生产平台、影像纠正、影像融合、地图更新的方法及应用进行了探讨。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。