基于导叶位置数据分析的刘家峡水电厂导叶立面间隙调整方法改进

在水电厂水轮机检修过程中,水轮机导叶立面间隙调整是一项重要而精细的工作,其主要目的是将水轮机24片矩形导叶两两相靠,调整为一个密不透水的圆筒状。传统导叶立面间隙调整方法虽然能满足调整完成后两两导叶立面间隙为零的技术要求,但因缺乏精确的反馈量和监视量,调整过程费时费力,同时可能造成导叶之间压紧程度不一的现象,对后续调整产生一定影响。通过采集机组检修前导水机构各项数据,导入三维建模软件进行精确建模,在模型中进行多项初始条件下进行水轮机导叶立面间隙模拟调整,并与检修前数据比较,得出该检修状态下导叶的标准位置。在现场实际调整过程中,根据不同水轮机导叶立面间隙分布情况、机组检修级别,结合导叶标准位置提出差异化水轮机导叶立面间隙调整策略,极大提高了水轮机导叶立面间隙[3]调整效率和精度,保证了机组运行安全性。     

Optimal control of sustainable development in the biological rehabilitation of the Azov Sea

The article is devoted to the application of the concept of sustainable development management to the task of combating the eutrophication of shallow water bodies (by the example of the Azov Sea). To describe the state dynamics of the water body, partial differential equations solved numerically by the finite difference method have been used. The dynamic problem of minimizing costs for the maintenance of the ecosystem of the water body in the defined condition, which is interpreted as the requirement for sustainable development, has been solved. The research and forecast complex, including the mathematical models of the hydrobiology of the shallow water body, environmental databases, and program library used to design scenarios of the ecological situation in the Azov Sea, has been worked out. Changes in the concentration of malicious blue-green algae due to water pollution by biogenic substances causing the rapid growth of these algae have been forecast. The influence of the spatial distribution of the temperature and the salinity on the biological treatment of the Azov Sea though the introduction of green algae, which displaced the toxic blue-green algae, has been studied. Using the designed research and forecast complex based on the materials of expeditions it is possible to investigate the key mechanisms of formation of vertical and horizontal zones in the distribution of biogenic substances, oxygen, and planktonic populations, to set the values of the parameters for management of the amount of hydrogen sulfide and hypoxemic zones, to evaluate the possibility of the biological treatment of the Azov Sea waters with the help of the introduction of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris BIN, followed by displacement of the toxic blue-algae that are most common in shallow water bodies such as Aphanizomenon flosaquae, and to rank the ecological efficiency of the factors for the management of the stability of the composition of the phytoplankton species, including the blooming of microalgae. Examples of the numerical calculations have been provided. The obtained results have been analyzed.     

Estimation of dynamics of risk factors by the dynamic regression method

A problem is considered for the estimation of dynamics of risk factors and other indicators of health by the data of a number of population studies performed in various years on the same age category of the population. In the case of the nonlinear time dependence of mean values of the quantities under study, the simple interpolation of the indices by all groups leads to incorrect estimates in view of the neglect of the cohort dynamics. A methods is described for the development and identification of the dynamic regression model of the population health, which is based on the estimation of the cohort dynamics of indices. This makes it possible to prognose the expected lavels of risk factors and to clarify causal relations. The efficiency of the model is demonstrated by an example of the processing of results of the examinations performed in the years 1982, 1987, and 1992 in North Karelia (Finland).     

大型机械部件传动空心轴用液压联轴器内外套壁厚设计的研究

船用空心轴在保证传动不发生变化情况下,可以减轻传动轴重量及传动惯性,但在装配时空心轴会出现液压联轴器内套受力变化不均,在设计液压联轴器时无法准确设计内、外套的壁厚。论文研究液压联轴器内套内压力p沿轴向的变化规律,为以后设计设计内、外套的壁厚打下理论基础。用SAS软件来分析空心轴外侧所受液压联轴器的内套的压力回归曲线并进行数据采集处理,利用高斯曲线的数学模型,算出液压联轴器内套内压力p沿轴向的变化规律方程,理论值和实测压力比较,研究了空心轴外侧压力与径向变形位移比值的变化发展趋势。理论压力值与实际压力p值基本相同,空心轴外侧压力与径向变形位移比值的变化发展趋势回归方程实际效果良好可以用来指导生产,为液压联轴器的内、外套壁厚设计提供理论支撑。     

基于机器视觉的口岸车道闸机故障远程检测方法

针对口岸车道闸机运行时间的延长，噪声信号会逐渐掩盖真实信号，从而造成信号混合行为的出现，导致口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作故障检测精度较低的问题，提出基于机器视觉的口岸车道闸机故障远程检测方法。利用CCD传感器，最大化扫描复原口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作故障信号，并对关键应用镜头设备进行选型处理，完成机器视觉检测的硬件结构设计。输入口岸车道闸机的远程故障图像，按照图像配准原则，得到具体的直方图修正处理结果，拼接与预处理远程故障图像。在此基础上，分析口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作实际故障特征，通过信号参量非均匀采样的方式，对检测盲源进行分离，再联合故障信号输出信噪比数值，实现口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作故障远程检测。实验结果表明，基于机器视觉的检测方法的口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作故障检测准确率可达90.4%，IMF分量值较大，可有效抑制噪声信号对真实信号的覆盖影响，提高口岸车道闸机抬杆机械动作故障检测精度     

Assessment of the quality of decisions worked out by an artificial neural network (DIAG) which diagnoses a technical object

The issues of the examination and determination of the ambiguity of the identification of the states of a technical object in a diagnostic system with an artificial neural network are presented in this article. It is an important problem in the operation of each inference (decision) system, in which various types of decisions are worked out, particularly including ones for diagnostic systems. For this purpose, a diagnostic system including its elements, in which an artificial neural network is used, is characterized and described. The structure together with the algorithm of a diagnostic neural network is presented. A diagram was drawn up, and the circulation of information in the diagnostic system was described in the perspective of errors brought into decision information by the individual elements of this system. A formula for the general error during working out of decisions in the system is put forward. It was also indicated that a number of factors including interferences and influence of the environment, errors during the measurement of the values of the properties of diagnostic signals, errors at the determination of the ranges of possible (permissible and limiting) changes of the properties of diagnostic signals defined in the inference rules and the accuracy of the drawing up of diagnostic inference rules have all a direct impact on the ambiguity level of the identification of the states of a technical object. In the present article, it is also the possibilities that are put forward for the determination and optimization of the ambiguity of the identification of the states of a technical object. For this purpose, the function that determines the quality of the identification and non-identification of the object’s state was defined in this article. A practical assessment method of the ambiguity level of the identification of the states of a technical object in the examined diagnostic system is additionally presented in an example with the use of a radar system.     

Nonparametric interpolation of the Markov sequence

Consideration was given to the problem of interpolation (smoothing) of the nonobservable component of the composite Markov process within the framework of the conditional Markov scheme. In the case of the dynamic observation models such as autoregression, equations were derived for the a posteriori interpolation density of the probability of the state of the nonobservable component. The aim of the present paper was to construct a smoothing algorithm for an unknown family of the distributions of the nonobservable component of the partially observable random Markov sequence. The result was obtained for the strictly stationary random Markov processes with mixing and for the conditional densities in the observation model from the exponential family of distributions. Computer-aided modeling within the framework of the Kalman scheme demonstrated that the sampled root-mean-square error of the nonparametric smoothing algorithm constructed for an unknown state equation was situated between the errors of the optimal linear filtration and the optimal linear interpolation.     

Soil-structure interaction and effect of axial force on the dynamics of offshore structures

The offshore structures are flexible systems subjected to various types of loadings. The heavy gravitational loads on the top decks, wind and water wave pressures acting on the platforms are transferred to the soil through the piles or mat foundations. Under the vibration, the variation in the pore pressures induces additional effects on the embedded part of the piles. The effect of the soil-structure interaction on the dynamics of the structure is taken into account as the deformations of the soil caused by the motion of the structure which in turn modify the response of the structure. The effect of the axial forces, within the individual members, on the vibration of the structure is included in the formulation. The dynamic stiffness matrix of the members are developed by considering the actual mass distribution and the effect of the axial force of the members. For the members embedded into soil, the soil reactions and the skin frictions are also considered as continuously varying over the members. Therefore, the equations of motion are satisfied along any infinitesimal element of the members. The new formulation is introduced in the general purpose computer code STDYNL, then the sensitivity of the overall dynamic response of the deep water platforms to the variation of the soil characteristics and to the effect of the axial forces of the members are investigated.     

Improving the accuracy and stability of the speckle tracking technique in processing images obtained in echocardiographic examinations

Tracking techniques are widely used in the processing of images in ultrasound cardiological examinations. One of the applications of this method consists in the automatic delineation of the internal and external borders of the cardiac chambers for all frames of the source video. However, owing to significant deformations of the image, which are often observed in practice, a loss of tracking can occur. We propose a new technique to improve the accuracy and stability of the classical speckle tracking algorithm taking into account the special features of the video picture of the ultrasound examination of the heart. The method is based on an assessment of the nature of the movement of regions of the heart wall using the obtained images, prediction of the position of the speckle in the next frame, and using this information to calculate the weighted function of mutual correlation used to determine the exact position of a speckle. Testing of the proposed method on the actual clinical results of echocardiographic examinations has demonstrated its high stability and accuracy, which is sufficient for practical application in ultrasound diagnostics.     

OWA aggregation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets

We recall the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy subset (IFS). Fundamental to an IFS is the fact that it is defined using two values, a degree of membership and degree of non-membership. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator is introduced and several of its features are described. Particularly notable is the idea of the dual of an OWA operator. We next discuss the aggregation of a collection of IFS using a prescribed OWA operator. It is shown that while the aggregation of the degrees of membership is performed using the prescribed OWA operator, the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership requires use of the dual of the prescribed OWA operator. The Choquet integral aggregation operator is introduced and applied to the aggregation of IFSs. Here again the concept of the dual is needed to perform the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership. We also discuss the aggregation of IFSs using the Sugeno integral. Fundamental to this work is our realisation of the importance of the concept of the dual operators in dealing with the aggregation of IFS.     

Computer simulation studies of recombination of ions in multi ion-pair ensembles—I. Diffusion-controlled processes

The problem of the diffusion-controlled recombination of ions for the case in which initially two or more non-separable pairs of oppositely charged ions are present in the system is treated by means of a computer simulation method.In the first part of the project, the calculations were performed for the media with the short mean free path of the free movement of ions between scattering events, i.e. for the conditions of the diffusion model of the ion transport. The movement of an ion is simulated by a superposition of random walk and drift in the electric field of all the other ions in the system. Thus, the calculations belong to the class of stochastic dynamics methods.The simulations assumed the partition of an ion ensemble into small independent clusters of up to ten ion pairs. Results were obtained on the probability of ion survival as a function of time and the probability of ion escape from recombination at infinite time. The scale of the deviations of the kinetics of the recombination process in the multi-pair clusters from the kinetics for the isolated pairs was estimated. Another series of the computer experiments simulate diffusion-controlled recombination (annihilation) of ions in model supersaturated solutions with different concentrations of ionic solutes and different dielectric constant of the solutions. The simulations yield the ion survival probability as a function of time and allow us to calculate the rate constant of the ion recombination as a function of the ion concentration.     

Break of information-investment flows in the process of switching over intermittency in the change of the trend of development of the dynamic system

Studies are made of basic regularities of the process of switching over intermittency in the change of the trend of development of the cascade-hierarchical system. It is shown that the transition from the section of growth to the section of fall can be explained as a result of the change of the sign of the feedback (from the positive to the negative one) between the increment of the intermittency exponent Δμ and the increment of the fractal dimension Δd _f (the expansion of the “channel” of attraction) for the most rapidly orienting (short-term) dynamic substructures. The subsequent break of the information-investment flow (the flow of commands) from the long-term to short-term substructures makes it impossible to support the dynamic equilibrium in the cascade-hierarchical system, which leads to the bifurcation transition to a new section of the channel of attraction. Original Russian Text ? V.G. Kleparskii, 2007, published in Avtomatika i Telemekhanika, 2007, No. 4, pp. 92–100.     

基于布里渊散射的结构应力光纤测试技术研究

作者通过分析一定功率的脉冲光射入光纤中的布里渊散射规律,介绍了分布式光纤测量测量轴向应力的基本原理;制作实验装置,测量单独的应变模型,分析散射回来的波形图,初步了解应力在光纤布里渊散射波谱上的图像特征;将应力作用于光纤的不同位置,对比它们与无应力作用诗所得到的散射波形之间的图像差异,研究其对光脉冲在光纤传输过程中的影响规律;结果表明,应力的作用大小,作用位置的不同都会对脉冲光的传播造成影响,主要在于影响布里渊散射的斯托克斯光和反斯托克斯光;本次研究所得可以为分布式光纤测量提供参考,为分布式光纤在测量微型形变的应用中有一定的促进作用;本次研究的创新点在于使用滑轮的方法,解决同等应力在分布光纤的不同位置作用效果。     

基于深度相机的手腕识别与掌心估测

目的当手和手臂都进入深度相机所设定的有效深度范围时,它们将被作为一个整体来提取,若处理时也把它们作为一个整体,这可能会影响手势交互的一些重要算法,如掌心估测、手朝向估测、手的跟踪等。掌心是手势交互中较为稳定的点,掌心与手簇中心的连线常被用来估测手的朝向。因此提高掌心估测算法的性能有助于提高手势交互的整体性能。方法为了有效地分割手与手臂,从分析手腕的运动特征和手的轮廓特点入手,并利用内切矩形的几何特征,提出手腕识别算法;为了提高掌心估测的性能,从手势交互的特点入手,分析了锐角三角形和最大内切圆的几何特征,提出新的掌心估测算法。结果本文算法在空气多点触摸系统中进行了实验,新的掌心估测算法较之原算法在性能上提高了近7倍,且仍然能保持掌心坐标的稳定性,坐标偏差不大于3个像素。同时手腕识别算法的引入也提高了掌心估测的准确性。结论实验结果表明,手腕识别算法能较好地分割出手与手臂,新的掌心估测算法能很好地支持实时交互。     

基于时态逻辑的可信平台信任链建模

针对可信计算中信任链理论缺乏深入分析验证的现状,分析了信任链理论中,可信与信任的内涵及其隐含的动态特性,借助时态逻辑的时间推理能力,建立了可信平台中的信任链的形式化模型,依据该模型,观察信任传递的过程,从而从理论上验证了信任在信任链上的可传递性,并得出信任在信任链上传递的充分条件.     

物联网体系架构的研究

物联网应用于生活的方方面面。物联网(IOT)的大量终端设备不断接入网络,产生大量的数据,物联网的各种终端设备之间的如何连接,如何进行数据通信,如何保证通信安全都是一个很复杂的问题。物联网体系结构的研究是将物联网的功能划分为不同的层次,每一层完成相应的任务,从而保证物联网的功能的正确完成。随着边缘计算的发展,传统物联网体系结构的内容发生了一些变化。物联网中引入边缘计算,可以更好地解决网络安全、负载和延迟等问题。随着未来5G技术的发展,物联网体系结构将在继续发生变化。     

齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度对轴箱内置式高速列车驱动系统动态特性影响研究

为探明齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度对驱动系统悬挂节点力和驱动系统振动加速度的影响规律,以某型轴箱内置式高速动车为研究对象,基于多体动力学理论,建立了考虑驱动系统和齿轮啮合的车辆系统动力学模型,研究了齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度对齿轮箱吊杆节点力、电机吊点力、齿轮箱车轴铰接力、车辆平稳性和驱动系统振动加速度的影响.研究结果表明：由于1、2位驱动系统的齿轮啮合力方向不同,1位驱动系统悬挂节点的垂向力比2位驱动系统悬挂节点的垂向力大.齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度在1～30 MN/m增大时,1位齿轮箱吊杆节点力增大,1位电机吊点力减小,1位齿轮箱车轴铰接纵向力增大、横向力减小;2位齿轮箱吊杆节点力增大,2位电机吊点垂向力增大,纵向力和横向力减小,2位齿轮箱车轴铰接纵向力减小,横向力增大.齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度在30～100MN/m增大时,各悬挂节点力变化不明显.此外,车体的平稳性指标、电机和齿轮箱的振动加速度受齿轮箱吊杆节点刚度变化的影响较小.     

“多规合一”背景下古建筑规划保护辅助审批系统应用研究——以东莞市古建筑为例

城市规划建设过程中,直观评估建设项目对城市古建筑空间的影响对协调新型城镇化背景下文物保护与开发利用之间的关系具有重要意义。设计开发一套基于古建筑三维模型的城市规划审批辅助系统。结合空-地协同的技术思路,采用多旋翼无人机和手持三轴云台相机分别采集古建筑低空和地面的多视角影像,基于倾斜摄影测量技术实现古建筑精细化三维实景还原,建立古建筑空间数据库。运用HTML5和WebGL技术设计开发古建筑保护规划审批辅助决策系统,实现古建筑多源异构数据的综合管理和展示,并提供城市建设项目对周边古建筑空间影响的分析功能。该系统为规划管理部门对古建筑的信息化管理与辅助决策提供支持,为搭建城市“多规合一”平台中古建筑空间保护体系提供参考。     

Construction of characteristic sets for individually adapted pilot support in typical flight regimes

An approach to solution of problems of individually adapted support of actions of the pilot in typical flight regimes is developed. This approach can be recommended, in particular, in the course of preparation and re-preparation of air crew and for implementation of onboard expert systems of advanced aircrafts. The basis of the proposed approach is based on integral evaluation of control actions of the pilot formed based on indirect data and thus not requiring online registration of factors reflecting the current psychophysiological state of the pilot. In this case, data of the regular onboard measurement system of the aircraft are used for obtaining the mentioned integral evaluation. The method of implementation of this approach to evaluating control actions of the pilot based on the formation and parametric representation in the state space of the “aircraft-pilot” system of individual reachable set used further for creation of “Electronic passport of the pilot” is proposed. Algorithms for construction of such sets in the class of ellipsoids and cubes of confidence and their compact representation in the form of the individual probabilistic profile of the pilot are described. Results of simulation of the process of obtaining such sets, which prove the efficiency of the developed concept, are presented     

Design of robust knowledge bases of fuzzy controllers for intelligent control of substantially nonlinear dynamic systems: II. A soft computing optimizer and robustness of intelligent control systems

The structure of intelligent control system (ICS) is analyzed, and the interrelations with conventional problems of the theory and practice of application of control systems are described. The analysis of the results of simulation of typical structures of intelligent control systems has allowed us to establish the following fact. The application of the technique of designing (presented in Part I), which is based on a fuzzy neural network (FNN), does not guarantee in general that the required accuracy of approximation of the training signal (TS) will be reached. As a result, under an essential change of external conditions, the sensitivity level of the controlled plant (CP) increases, which, on the whole, leads to a decrease in the robustness of the intelligent control system, and, as a consequence, to a loss of reliability (accuracy) of achieving the control goal. To eliminate the specified drawback of the neural network, a soft computing optimizer (SCO), which uses the technique of soft computing and allows one to eliminate the drawback, is applied, which results in an increase in the robustness level of the structure of the intelligent control system. The structure of the soft computing optimizer, which contains as a particular case the required configuration of an optimal fuzzy neural network, is considered. The main specific features of the functional operation of the soft computing optimizer and the stages of the process of designing robust knowledge bases (KB) of fuzzy controllers (FC) are described. The methodology of joint stochastic and fuzzy simulation of automatic control system based on the developed tool of the soft computing optimizer is discussed in order to test the robustness and to estimate the limiting structural capabilities of intelligent control systems. The efficiency of the control processes with application of the soft computing optimizer is demonstrated by particular typical examples (benchmarks) of models of dynamic controlled plants under the conditions of incomplete information about the parameters of the structure of the controlled plant and under the presence of unpredicted (abnormal) control situations. Examples of industrial application of robust intelligent control systems in actual control systems designed based on the soft computing optimizer are presented. Practical recommendations for improving the robustness level of intelligent control systems by using new types of computations and simulation are given