HPLC法同时测定康妇软膏中异土木香内酯、土木香内酯、花椒毒酚、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素和蛇床子素

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定康妇软膏中异土木香内酯、土木香内酯、花椒毒酚、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素和蛇床子素的含量。 方法: 以Agilent TC C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,甲醇 0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.9 ml·min^-1 ,检测波长分别为220 nm和300 nm,柱温35 ℃。 结果:异土木香内酯、土木香内酯、花椒毒酚、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素和蛇床子素分别在6.16～123.20 μg·m^-1 、3.78～75.60 μg·m^-1 、1.87～37.40 μg·m^-1 、4.06～81.20 μg·m^-1 、9.27～185.40 μg·m^-1 、13.89～277.80 μg·m^-1 范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 4,0.999 8,0.999 6,0.999 5,0.999 9和0.999 7;平均加样回收率分别为98.04%（RSD=1.06%）,97.10%（RSD=1.53%）,96.73%（RSD=0.90%）,98.92%（RSD=1.36%）,99.12%（RSD=0.83%）和100.27%（RSD=0.58%）。结论:该方法简便、准确,可用于康妇软膏质量标准的提高。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定茵栀祛黄胶囊中7种成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定茵栀祛黄胶囊中栀子苷、甘草苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的含量。方法: 采用Waters Sunfire C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相：甲醇（A） 0.05%磷酸溶液（B）（梯度洗脱）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1 ,柱温为25℃,检测波长(0~15 min：在238 nm波长下检测栀子苷和甘草苷;15~50 min：在254 nm波长下检测芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚),进样量为10 μl。结果: 栀子苷、甘草苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为0.13～3.18 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）、0.19～4.84 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.28～7.02 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.13～3.16 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.61～15.27 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.32～8.03 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.39～9.81 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）;平均加样回收率分别为98.84%（RSD=0.74%）、99.34%（RSD=0.86%）、99.54%（RSD=0.30%）、99.56%（RSD=0.80%）、99.85%（RSD=0.41%）、99.57%（RSD=0.70%）、99.64%（RSD=0.30%）（n=9）。结论: 本文建立的HPLC含量测定方法,具有操作简便、专属性高、重复性良好、结果准确可靠的特点,可用于茵栀祛黄胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定枳实消痞丸中芸香柚皮苷、柠檬苦素、和厚朴酚及厚朴酚含量

摘 要 目的： 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定枳实消痞丸中芸香柚皮苷、柠檬苦素、和厚朴酚及厚朴酚含量的分析方法。方法: 色谱柱为岛津Shim-pack VP-ODS C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A为乙腈 甲醇(1∶2),流动相B为水,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温为30℃,进样量为20 μl;芸香柚皮苷检测波长为λ1=283 nm,柠檬苦素检测波长为λ2=210 nm,和厚朴酚、厚朴酚检测波长为λ3=294 nm。结果: 芸香柚皮苷、柠檬苦素、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚分别在5.26～105.20μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）、7.65～153.00 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 4）、6.21～124.20 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 3）、6.45～129.00 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为99.00％（RSD=0.77％）、98.17％（RSD=1.19％）、98.78％（RSD=0.86％）、97.90％（RSD=0.99%）。结论:该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于枳实消痞丸的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定玉真散中天麻素、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法同时测定玉真散中天麻素、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素含量。方法: 色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1 ,流动相为甲醇 水梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,进样量为5 μl。结果: 天麻素在2.68~214.00μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为100.2％,RSD为0.9％（n=6）;升麻素苷在5.22~418.00 μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均回收率为99.9％,RSD为0.9％（n=6）;5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷在4.57~365.80 μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 5）,平均回收率为99.7％,RSD为1.0％（n=6）;欧前胡素在5.22~417.20μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 6）,平均回收率为99.0％,RSD为0.9％（n=6）;异欧前胡素在5.29~423.20μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 8）,平均回收率为100.2％,RSD为0.8％（n=6）。结论: 该方法简单、准确,可同时测定5种成分的含量,可用于玉真散的质量控制。     

多波长HPLC法同时测定皮肤康洗液中5种有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立多波长切换高效液相色谱法同时测定皮肤康洗液中芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素5种有效成分的含量。方法: 色谱柱为 Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈 0.1%盐酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.5 ml·min^-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为232 nm(0～6 min,检测芍药苷)、277 nm(6～10 min,检测甘草苷)、254 nm(10 min以后,检测甘草酸铵、大黄素、蛇床子素）。结果: 芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素的线性范围分别为28.20～282.0 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）、12.150～121.500 μg·ml^-1（r=0.998 8）、13.420～134.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.047～0.466 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、2.380～23.800 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率分别为98.49%,99.00%,98.38%,97.36%,97.70%,RSD分别为0.71%,0.62%,0.85%,0.92%,0.78%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于同时测定皮肤康洗液中上述5个有效成分的含量。     

HPLC法同时测定尿塞通片中4个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立尿塞通片中4个活性成分丹酚酸B、羟基红花黄色素A、芍药苷和橙皮苷含量同时测定的方法。方法: 采用Phenomsil C₁₈色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长230 nm,柱温30℃。结果: 丹酚酸B、羟基红花黄色素A、芍药苷、橙皮苷分别在20.056～150.420μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）,6.068～45.510 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）,5.052～37.890μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）,15.328～114.960μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）的浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.86%、99.40%、98.21%、98.25%,RSD分别为1.07%、0.85%、1.35%、1.18%（n=6）。结论:本法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于尿塞通片的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定妇科千金片中6种活性成分

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC 法同时测定妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷等6种活性成分,为妇科千金片质量提供保障。方法: 采用Waters XBridgeTM C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液 乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1;紫外检测波长为326,316,225,254,268 nm;柱温：35℃;进样量为10 μl。结果: 阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的线性范围分别为0.709～28.360 μg·ml^-1,0.459～18.350 μg·ml^-1,0.510～20.380 μg·ml^-1,1.259～50.360μg·ml^-1,0.829～33.140 μg·ml^-1,1.709～68.340 μg·ml^-1;平均加样回收率分别为99.5%,99.85%,98.8%,99.4%,98.5%,98.9%（n=6）,RSD分别为0.4%,0.1%、0.7%、0.5%、0.9%、0.4%（n=6）。结论:该方法平均回收率高、简便可行、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于控制妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定氨咖黄敏胶囊中4个成分的含量。方法: 采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-甲醇（B）-磷酸二氢铵溶液（取0.1 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢铵溶液1 000 ml ,加磷酸1 ml,混匀）（C）为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温 35℃,变换波长时间为（0～9 min ：225 nm;9～38 min ：450 nm）。结果: 采用HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量,线性范围分别为：对乙酰氨基酚24.680～394.900 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,马来酸氯苯那敏0.201～3.214 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,咖啡因1.129～18.070 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,胆红素0.010～0.165 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）;平均回收率分别为：99.25% (RSD=0.46%), 99.29% (RSD=0.32%),99.49% (RSD=0.48%)及99.75% (RSD=0.55%)（n=6）。结论:该法简单,灵敏,准确,重复性好,可用于氨咖黄敏胶囊的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定蒲药灌肠液中3个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立蒲药灌肠液中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法: 采用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸（三乙胺调节pH至6.0）为流动相,梯度洗脱程序,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为254 nm（0～14 min）和281 nm（14～25 min）,柱温:30 ℃。结果: 香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的线性范围分别为19.840～198.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）、20.520～205.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）和10.040～100.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）,回收率分别为98.8%、98.6%和98.9%,RSD分别为1.4%、1.6%和1.3%（n=6）。结论: 该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于蒲药灌肠液的质量控制。     

双波长高效液相色谱法同时测定祛白颗粒中二苯乙烯苷、阿魏酸及丹皮酚的含量

摘 要 目的：建立双波长高效液相色谱切换法同时测定祛白颗粒中定量指标二苯乙烯苷、阿魏酸及丹皮酚含量的方法。方法: 采用双波长高效液相色谱法,色谱柱: ODS (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相：甲醇：0.1%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;柱温：35℃,进样体积:10 μl,检测波长：丹皮酚为274 nm、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷为320 nm。结果:3种有效成分的线性范围分别为1.56~156.00 μg·ml^-1（r二苯乙烯苷=0.999 8）、1.00~100.0 μg·ml^-1（r阿魏酸=0.999 8）,1.61~161.00 μg·ml^-1（r丹皮酚=0.999 7）;平均加样回收率100.33%～100.76%,RSD均小于2%（n=6）。结论:该含量测定方法简便易行、稳定可靠、专属性强,可用于祛白颗粒的质量控制。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.