伪双元合金Hf0.82Ta0.18Fe2温度诱导自旋重取向的穆斯堡尔研究

制备了伪双元合金Hf0.82Ta0.18Fe2.X射线衍射表明,合金为C14型Laves相结构,晶格常数为a=4.92133(3)(A),c=8.0488(1)(A).在温度20K～380K范围内测量了穆斯堡尔谱.表明合金随温度存在两个磁相变点,一个从顺磁态(PM)到反铁磁态(AFM),相变温度为330K,另一个从反铁磁(AFM)到铁磁态(FM),相变温度约为180K.在AFM-FM相变点,6h位Fe原子自旋方向发生翻转,从沿c方向转向ab平面.相应地,2a位的Fe原子,在AFM态为顺磁性,经过该相变后,相应地呈现铁磁性排列.     

Ti_(1.08)V_(1.21)Cr_(0.28)Fe_(0.40)Zr_(0.03)合金的贮氢性能研究与物相分析

研究了Ti_(1.08)V_(1.21)Cr_(0.28)Fe_(0.40)Zr_(0.30)合金的吸氢特性以及与实际应用有关的一些问题。利用XRD和SEM技术对合金及其氢化物的物相进行了分析。结果表明:合金容易活化;吸氢量大。在室温时,吸氢压力-组成等温线坪台压力接近101325Pa,坪台区范围约0.8H/M～1.6H/M(该试验最高压力范围内)。合金氢化物(吸氢量约1.25H/M时)的形成焓变为-27.4kJ/moleH_2;熵变为-200J/(K·moleH_2)。合金吸氢速度和氢化物离解速度快;600℃时氢化物离解回收率高于95％。氢气中杂质氦对合金吸氢量无明显影响,而使吸氢速度明显降低;空气对合金的吸氢速度和吸氢量都有较大影响。合金有较好的抗粉化性能,吸氢量为1.1H/M时合金体胀率约11％。合金氢化物在空气中不自燃。合金吸氢后分解为多相。     

晶种加入条件下Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)的连续沉淀工艺北大核心CSCD

为了解温度、Ce(NO_(3))_(3)料液浓度、晶种加入比例和晶种加料区域等工艺条件对Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)产品颗粒粒径分布和形貌的影响规律,在杯式沉淀器中采用Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)模拟Pu(C 2O 4)2进行连续沉淀实验研究。保持Ce(NO_(3))_(3)和草酸的加料区域、沉淀后母液中硝酸和草酸浓度不变,分别考察了30.0~50.0℃、Ce(NO_(3))_(3)浓度为0.084 mol/L和0.167 mol/L、晶种加入比例为0~2.0×10^(-1)和晶种加料区域等工艺条件对Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)颗粒粒径分布和形貌的影响。50.0℃、Ce(NO_(3))_(3)浓度为0.167 mol/L,相比无晶种加入时,Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)沉淀颗粒D 50值(一个样品的累计分布百分数达到50%时所对应的粒径)最大可增加62.2μm。50.0℃、Ce(NO_(3))_(3)浓度为0.167 mol/L、晶种分别从周边涡流区域和中心涡流区域加入时,对应的D 50最大值分别为154.1、120.7μm。相同工艺条件下,温度为30.0~50.0℃时,沉淀颗粒D 50最大值随温度的增加而增大。各工艺条件下,当D 50达最大值时,Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)颗粒以较为规则的片状长条形为主,碎片形和不规则的片状聚集形颗粒所占比例较小。Ce_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)晶粒生长方式属于螺旋增长机制,晶粒单层薄片厚度约为16 nm。     

~(42)Ar-~(42)K母牛及其示踪应用

本文介绍80年代慕尼黑技术大学研制出的一种新的~(42)Ar-~(42)K母牛系统。描述了用氚束制备~(42)Ar的方法;~(42)Ar-~(42)K的衰变特性及其应用上的优越性:~(42)Ar-~(42)K的物理分离原理及母牛装置,并利用~(42)K作示踪剂,研究了钾在鹌鹑蛋孵化过程中的输运。     

Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)材料的制备及其对铀的吸附性能北大核心CSCD

为设计一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料,采用石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))与磷酸二氢铵作为原料,通过热共聚法制备P-C_(3)N_(4),再利用磷酸氢二钠与硝酸银通过原位共沉淀法制备Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料。吸附实验结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料在室温下对U(Ⅵ)的吸附容量达到524.6 mg/g;在溶液中同时存在Na^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Ni^(2+)和Co^(2+)等竞争离子时,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附分配系数达到6.13×10^(3)mL/g。XPS分析结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料中的含N和含P官能团可能参与U(Ⅵ)吸附过程。因此,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料是一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料。     

高T_CY(YV)Ba_2Cu_3O_(9_X)超导体的结构及其电阻跃变研究

阐述了高T_CYBa_2Cu_3O_(9-X)超导体的晶体结构。X射线衍射谱和透射电子衍射花样表明,单相的YBa_2Cu_3O_(9-X)(斜方结构:a=382.95pm;b=388.22pm;c=1165.95pm)随着含氧量的增加可变成多相的化合物。对新的高T_CBa_2(YV)_1Cu_3O_(9-X)超导体进行了研究。电阻测量表明它的起始转变温度是118K,转变的电阻中点温度是97K,零电阻在93K,转变宽度ΔT_C=2K。对Ba_2(YV)_1Cu_3O_(9-X)系统的超导作了细致研究。这篇文章用X射线衍射分析给出了Ba_2(YV)_1Cu_3O_(9-X)的晶体结构。研究发现了YBaCu_3O_(9-X)超导体在190K和240K发生电阻跃变。透射电子衍射花样的变化表明在220K附近发生了相变,它的晶体结构参数明显地变化。     

AlNi纳米合金薄膜低温电阻率的特性研究

通过磁控溅射制备了AlNi纳米合金薄膜,并利用自制的直排四探针低温测量系统测量了薄膜电阻率随温度(8~300K)的变化规律。结果表明:由于电子-声子和电子-磁子相互作用,纯Al和Ni纳米晶薄膜的电阻率分别呈现出正的电阻率温度系数,且电子-磁子散射对电阻率的贡献主要体现在高温区(80~300K),在低温区(40K)电子-晶界/表面散射对电阻率的贡献占主导地位。Ni原子掺入量的增加,诱导了纳米晶薄膜无序程度的增强,从而使Al1-xNix纳米合金薄膜逐渐由晶体的金属特性过渡到半导体特性,导致其呈现出负的电阻率温度系数。由于增强的电子极化效应,Al1-xNix纳米合金薄膜电阻率与温度的关系并不完全遵循半导体的热激发导电模型。     

K_4[Fe(CN)_6]·3H_2O在磁场中的穆斯堡尔谱

本文以~(57)Co/Pd为放射源,将K_4[Fe(CN)_6]·3H_2O置于磁场中,磁场方向垂直于γ射线方向,得到了不同磁场强度下的穆斯堡尔谱。[Fe(CN)_6]~(4-)是典型的抗磁性配离子,Fe~(2 )处于O_(?)对称性的配位场中,其电子构型为t_(2(?))~6e_(?)~0,因而晶体场电场梯度和价电子电场梯度均为零,在无外磁场的情况下,得到单吸收峰的穆斯堡尔谱。当外磁场存在时,由于核Zceman效应,铁原子核的磁偶极矩与外加磁场发生相互作用,发生了磁     

0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3弛豫铁电体中纳米极化区域温度特征实验研究

利用同步辐射X射线小角散射实验方法,研究了0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3弛豫铁电体中纳米极化区域(PNRs)在自发状态下随温度变化的响应特性.得到在自发状态下,PNRs从Tm(介电系数最大值所在温度)到Tm以上100K有沿轴向的稳定关联结构,该关联结构在Tm以上300K完全消失.结合以前的实验结果,得到PNRs在Tm附近约±200K的温度区间内存在的沿对角方向的周期性关联结构是材料高性能的来源之一.     

极向旋转剪切对新经典RGDT输运的影响(英文)

研究了托卡马克等离子体中极向旋转剪切对新经典电阻率梯度驱动湍流(RGDT)结构的影响,解析地计算了饱和湍流扩散系数,涨落水平和输运流与极向旋转剪切的依赖关系。结果表明,极向旋转剪切可以降低等离子体涨落水平从而抑制湍流。在强剪切极限(极向旋转剪切参数S_α>>1/4)下,湍流扩散系数正比于(k_θVθ~′)~(-1/2),涨落水平正比于|k_θV_θ~′|~(-2)。在弱剪切极限下(S_α<<1/4),将重新得到Kwon的结果。     

Ir—Ce合金阴极及其应用研究

重点研究了粉末冶金法制备Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ（铱－铈）合金阴极过程中压制压力和烧结温度对发射性能的影响，建立起了一套稳定的制备工艺。试验得到Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ掺Ｗ阴极在１７５３Ｋ时的发射电流密度达１２．４Ａ／ｃｍ２，电流密度保持为１．７Ａ／ｃｍ２，发射试验稳定达１５０ｈ。从机理上验证了它是一种高温大发射电流的发射体。试验还表明Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ阴极具有良好的抗中毒能力。作为应用研究，测量了该阴极在热阴极微波电子枪中的发射性能，微波腔场强约１０ＭＶ／ｍ，工作温度１９１３Ｋ，零场发射电流密度为１０Ａ／ｃｍ２，最大发射电流密度达２１Ａ／ｃｍ２，在２０２０Ｋ时计算零场发射电流密度可达４２Ａ／ｃｍ２。     

高温超导体EuBa_2(Cu_(1-x)Fe_x)_3O_(7-y)的穆斯堡尔谱学新研究

利用~(57)Fe和~(151)Eu穆斯堡尔效应对EuBa_2(Cu_(1-x)Fe_x)_3O_(7-y)高温超导体作了研究。在液氮温区,分别测量了样品中有和无电流通过时的~(57)Fe穆斯堡尔谱,结果表明取代了Cu(2)位置的Fe的同质异能位移和四极分裂与通过超导体的电流无关,而取代Cu(1)位置的Fe的穆斯堡尔谱参数则与电流有关。不同Fe含量样品的穆斯堡尔谱分析表明,超导电性和穆斯堡尔谱参数都与Fe的含量有关。     

Thermal expansion studies on Inconel-600 by high temperature X-ray diffraction

The lattice thermal expansion characteristics of Inconel-600^® have been studied by high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) technique in the temperature range 298-1200 K. Altogether four experimental runs were conducted on thin foils of about 75-100 μm thickness. The diffraction profiles have been accurately calibrated to offset the shift in 2θ values introduced by sample buckling at elevated temperatures. The corrected lattice parameter data have been used to estimate the instantaneous and mean linear thermal expansion coefficients as a function of temperature. The thermal expansion values estimated in the present study show a fair degree of agreement with other existing dilatometer based bulk thermal expansion estimates. The lattice parameter for this alloy at 300 K is found to be 0.3549(1) nm. The mean linear thermal expansivity is found to be 11.4 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹.     

High-temperature mass-spectrometric studies of Te(s) and FeTe0.9(s)

The nature and composition of the vapour over a two phase mixture of Fe(s) and FeTe_0.9(s) as well as over Te(s) were determined by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The partial pressuretemperature relationship of Te₂(g), $\text{log p(Pa) = ? 10759/T(K) + 11.12}$, and that of Te(g), $\text{log p(Pa) = ? 12227/T(K) + 11.03}$, were obtained over Fe-FeTe_0.9(s) in the temperature range 885–1048 K. The enthalpy change for reactions $\text{FeTe}{}_{0.9}\text{(s) = Fe(s) + 0.45 Te}{}_2\text{(g); FeTe}{}_{0.9}\text{(s) = Fe(s) + 0.9 Te(g)}$ and Te₂(g) = 2 Te(g) were derivedu'yas 98.5 ± 7, 214.4 ± 14and 257.0 ± 13 kJ respectively at 298 K. Tkie enthalpy and free, energy of formation of FeTe_0.9(s) at 298 K were determined as ? 28.5 kJ mol and ? 29.4 kJ mol respectively.     

Thermodynamic studies on Cs4U5O17(s) and Cs2U2O7(s) by emf and calorimetric measurements

The oxygen potentials over the phase field: Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s)+Cs₂U₂O₇(s)+Cs₂U₄O₁₂(s) was determined by measuring the emf values between 1048 and 1206 K using a solid oxide electrolyte galvanic cell. The oxygen potential existing over the phase field for a given temperature can be represented by: Δμ(O₂) (kJ/mol) (±0.5)=−272.0+0.207T (K). The differential thermal analysis showed that Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s) is stable in air up to 1273 K. The molar Gibbs energy formation of Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s) was calculated from the above oxygen potentials and can be given by, Δ_fG⁰ (kJ/mol)±6=−7729+1.681T (K). The enthalpy measurements on Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s) and Cs₂U₂O₇(s) were carried out from 368.3 to 905 K and 430 to 852 K respectively, using a high temperature Calvet calorimeter. The enthalpy increments, (H⁰_T−H⁰₂₉₈), in J/mol for Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s) and Cs₂U₂O₇(s) can be represented by, H⁰_T−H⁰_298.15 (Cs₄U₅O₁₇) kJ/mol±0.9=−188.221+0.518T (K)+0.433×10⁻³T² (K)−2.052×10⁻⁵T³ (K) (368 to 905 K) and H⁰_T−H⁰_298.15 (Cs₂U₂O₇) kJ/mol±0.5=−164.210+0.390T (K)+0.104×10⁻⁴T² (K)+0.140×10⁵(1/T (K)) (411 to 860 K). The thermal properties of Cs₄U₅O₁₇(s) and Cs₂U₂O₇(s) were derived from the experimental values. The enthalpy of formation of (Cs₄U₅O₁₇, s) at 298.15 K was calculated by the second law method and is: Δ_fH⁰_298.15=−7645.0±4.2 kJ/mol.     

Annealing behavior of (Pu,Cm)O2 lattice and bulk expansion from self-irradiation damage

In order to investigate the effect of self-irradiation damage and accumulation of He on oxide fuel pellets containing minor actinides, the expansion and annealing behavior of (Pu_0.95Cm_0.05)O₂ lattice and bulk were examined comparatively. Since the lattice and bulk expansion at room temperature showed a similar dependence on the storage duration, the main factor of bulk expansion was found to be the lattice expansion due to the generation of point defects. The lattice parameter recovered to the undamaged value by annealing at 1429 K for 2 h, whereas the bulk expanded again by annealing at 1433 K and did not recover to the undamaged value. In the micrographs of the fracture surface of the annealed pellet, the formation of gas bubbles along grain boundaries was confirmed. The He gas bubble formation resulted in the pellet swelling, and it may affect the pellet thermal conduction.     

Thermal expansion studies on UMoO5, UMoO6, Na2U(MoO4)3 and Na4U(MoO4)4

In the present work, thermal expansion behavior of lower valent sodium uranium molybdates, i.e., Na₂U(MoO₄)₃ and Na₄U(MoO₄)₄ were studied under vacuum in the temperature range of 298-873 K using high temperature X-ray diffractometry (HTXRD). Expansion behaviors of UMoO₅ and UMoO₆ were also studied in vacuum from 298 to 873 K and 773 K, respectively. UMoO₅ was synthesized by reacting UO₂ with MoO₃ in equi-molar proportion in evacuated sealed quartz ampoule at 1173 K for 14 h. Na₂U(MoO₄)₃ and Na₄U(MoO₄)₄ were prepared by reacting UMoO₅ and MoO₃ with 1 and 2 moles of Na₂MoO₄, respectively, at 873 K in evacuated sealed quartz ampoule. XRD data of UMoO₅ and UMoO₆ were indexed on orthorhombic and monoclinic systems, respectively, whereas, the data of Na₂U(MoO₄)₃ and Na₄U(MoO₄)₄ were indexed on tetragonal system. The lattice parameters and cell volume of all the four compounds, fit into polynomial expression with respect to temperature, showed positive thermal expansion (PTE) up to 873 K.     

Magnetic properties of Pu-Ga alloys

The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of polycrystalline Pu₃Ga compound and Pu_0.92Ga_0.08 alloy have been measured as functions of temperature (between 2 and 300 K) and external magnetic dc field (from 1.0 to 5.0 T) and ac field. The detailed analysis indicates the antiferromagnetic ordering in both compounds. The dynamic magnetic susceptibility shows sharp peaks at 40.3 K in Pu₃Ga and at 30.0 K in Pu_0.92Ga_0.08 that correspond to Néel temperatures. The high-temperature behavior of static susceptibility gives evidence that it has both Curie-Weiss and enhanced Pauli contributions and the positive magnitudes of paramagnetic Curie temperature is indicative of the presence of competing the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions in both compounds.