基于局部熵的点云精简算法

针对目前流行的三维物体激光扫描仪获取的点云数据量大,冗余度高等问题,提出一种基于信息熵的点云精简算法。首先,定义数据点的曲率、点到邻域点重心的距离、点到邻域点的平均距离的倒数,三者乘积为权值积;然后,使用K-means聚类算法划分点云数据,根据类内估计曲率差值区分特征区域与非特征区域;最后,针对特征区域,利用提出的精简方法精简点云。实验结果表明,该方法计算相对简单,能够有效避免孔洞现象,同时,更好地保留了点云数据的原始物理特征。     

NURBS曲面重构与点云-曲面误差分析

通过对某汽车零件进行光栅扫描、解相和去包裹处理,获取物体三维点云数据,对点云数据进行降噪、精简和网格化处理。然后根据点云曲率分布云图将点云数据分割成11块区域,首先对A区域点云数据进行曲面拟合,生成4×4阶均匀曲面,然后对其余分块点云数据分别进行曲面拟合,最后通过曲面延伸、拼接、倒角、修剪等处理,获取物体NURBS自由曲面,总体点云-曲面误差为0.2645 mm,并且曲面间符合G1相切连续和法向曲率连续,解决了在曲率较大的地方拟合误差较大的问题,提高了曲面的重构精度。     

基于方向矢量曲率估算的点云精简研究

逆向工程获得的大量散乱点云数据,不利于后续曲面重构工作,因此需要进行点云精简。文章利用包围盒法分割原始点云数据,确定K邻域的中心点并搜索K邻域点,基于方向矢量曲率计算方法估算曲率,并采用曲率精简原则精简点云。实例证明,该方法对于大量点云精简有明显效果。     

结合超体素与PFCM的点云分割方法

为了实现点云数据的区域划分,提出了一种结合超体素与粒子群优化模糊C均值(PFCM)的聚类分割算法(SPFCM)。用随机采样一致性算法去除点云平面,根据3-D点云的空间位置、曲率以及快速直方图特征,利用八叉树体素化点云得到超体素。采用PFCM算法对超体初步划分,并对粘连的点云再划分,克服了PFCM算法对于堆叠物体无法分割及较大物体过分割的缺点, 并在OSD-v0.2数据集上对SPFCM算法进行了性能测试。结果表明,相较于PFCM算法,SPFCM不仅保留了其参量少、操作简单等优点,而且指标得到了较大提升,准确率达到86%,查全率达到83%。该研究对3-D点云复杂场景的准确分割提供了帮助与参考。     

点特征柔性物体三维运动恢复方法

为了使用两台标定的高速相机获取点特征柔性物体的三维运动轨迹,提出了一种实用的点特征柔性物体三维运动恢复方法,包括图像空间重建、时间序列重建等步骤。其中空间和时间序列重建是三维运动恢复的核心部分,在空间重建方面,使用椭圆拟合得到图像上点的坐标,并根据马氏距离寻找匹配点,然后利用三角测量法计算空间三维点;在时间序列重建方面,利用搜索方法匹配点前后图像坐标,从而实现运动过程的三维恢复。然后利用重建结果计算运动柔性物体的速度、加速度、曲率变化等重要参数。实验结果表明,该三维运动恢复方法提高了空间序列匹配的速度和准确度,有效地实现了时间序列的匹配,减少了整个重建过程的时间。通过对目标的重建,准确地获得了物体的三维运动数据。     

基于带参数的多结点样条表示的物体轮廓曲线匹配

针对三维碎片自动拼合中的碎片匹配问题,提出了一种新的轮廓曲线的表示和匹配方法.曲线的表示用带参数的多结点样条插值曲线拟合从碎片物体的轮廓线上提取的数据点,同时计算轮廓曲线上各个点的曲率、挠率和法矢.通过比较不同曲线特征段之间的全曲率,度量轮廓曲线之间的可匹配程度,利用法矢对相似度较高的轮廓曲线进行可匹配性验证,实现三维碎片的匹配.实验结果表明,该算法取得了较好的拟合和匹配效果,为基于轮廓线匹配的物体形状的拼接奠定了基础.     

典型物体表面温度的测量及初步计算

热特性模拟广泛应用于电力、消防、工业、医疗、安防等国民经济及军事部门,而验证是模拟软件优化发展过程中重要的一个环节;对于热特性模拟软件来说,一般通过实验验证对软件进行验证。为了有效快速地进行验证,将地面物体简单处理为CUBI及立方体模型。放置于各实验模型物体表面特征位置(面中心、中线)的热电偶可获得物体的实测温度数据,模拟软件所需的某些输入参数可以通过风速仪等相关仪器获得。通过对实验及计算数据的比较验证了该模拟软件的精确度基本符合要求,并且还发现了在模拟软件中应该注意的一些问题。     

基于视点特征直方图的激光点云模型的位姿估计

提出一种基于视点特征直方图的点云模型位姿估计 算法。首先在目标物体周围采 集三维点云,拼接后获得物体的完整点云模型;然后对点云模型计算其视点特征直方图, 构建特征数据 库;对待估计点云同样计算其特征直方图,使用KNN算法在数据库中搜索与之最接近的位 姿作为初始位 姿估计值;最后使用迭代最近点(ICP)算法将待估计点云精确配准到模型点云,从而获得坐 标系之间的相 对位姿。实验表明,这种方法对于物体位姿识别有很强的稳健性,能很好实现目标物体的 三维位姿计算。     

基于断裂面匹配的破碎物体拼接技术

该文研究了曲面三角网格模型顶点法矢、主曲率和主方向的计算方法,分析了曲面上点的类型,提出了一种基于断裂面匹配的破碎物体拼接方法。分别用曲面上点的有向脚标和无向脚标构成有向特征向量和无向特征向量,在无向特征向量匹配的基础上,经过匹配点方向映射方法判断其它无向特征匹配点对的有向特征向量的相似性,完成断裂面匹配计算。在断裂面匹配的基础上,通过匹配点方向映射实现破碎物体的拼接。实验结果表明该算法可靠地实现了破碎物体的拼接。     

识别与定位三维物体的点匹配法

本文提出一种识别与定位三维物体的基于模型的点匹配法,这种方法只需要简单的距离计算与四阶行列式计算,就可获得物体与模型的全局一致性匹配,因此不需要进行模型检验。     

Monomial and quadratic bent functions over the finite fields of odd characteristic

Considered are p-ary bent functions having the form f(x)=Tr/sub n/(/spl sigma//sub i=0//sup s/a/sub i/x/sup di/). A new class of ternary monomial regular bent function with the Dillon exponent is discovered. The existence of Dillon bent functions in the general case is an open problem of deciding whether a certain Kloosterman sum can take on the value -1. Also described is the general Gold-like form of a bent function that covers all the previously known monomial quadratic cases. The (weak) regularity of the new as well as of known monomial bent functions is discussed and the first example of a not weakly regular bent function is given. Finally, some criteria for an arbitrary quadratic function to be bent are proven.     

A low-profile conical beam loop antenna with an electromagneticallycoupled feed system

The radiation characteristics of a low-profile loop antenna are evaluated using the method of moments (MoM). The loop having a circumference of approximately two wavelengths is electromagnetically coupled to a bent Feed line and radiates a circularly polarized conical beam. The frequency bandwidth for a 3-dB axial ratio criterion is calculated to be approximately 0.5% for an antenna height of h=0.064 wavelengths. Over the same bandwidth, the input impedance is approximately 50 ohms and the gain is approximately 7 dB     

曲面曝光技术在异形曲面高精度线条制造工艺中的应用

本文详细介绍了国内外异形曲高精度线条制造技术的研究应用水平与现状，重点分析与阐述了曲面曝光技术在异形曲面高精度线条制作工艺上的应用。     

线段与圆在任意多边形边界中的裁剪算法设计及实现

设计并优化了线段与圆关于任意多边形边界（包括凸多边形及凹多边形边界）的裁剪算法。求出每一条边界与所要裁剪的线段和圆的交点并排序,利用交点将裁剪对象分割成线段、圆弧,通过计算线段和圆弧的中点并判断其与边界的位置关系来完成对图形的裁剪。文中给出了算法具体描述,通过对算法复杂度的分析,该算法的效率与以往的一些经典算法相比有了较大提高。     

An Experimental Investigation of a Two-Slot Transmission Line on Nonplanar Surfaces

The two-slot transmission line, which is the dual of a two-strip line when both lines lie in a plane, is studied experimentally when the metal sheet into which it is cut is bent through angles up to 90/spl deg/. It is found that the bent two-slot line is substantially the dual of a similarly bent two-strip line including a complementary reactive junction network at the bend.     

A study on the radiation loss from a bent transmission line

This paper deals with the radiation loss of bent transmission lines in order to determine the most optimal design for a bent line from the standpoint of radiation loss. We have used the method of moments (MoM) for a numerical analysis on the radiation for different structures of bent lines and we have found that the simplest right-angle bend is the best with the least radiation loss. This theoretical expectation was confirmed experimentally     

Fan-beam reconstruction from a straight line of source points

A fan-beam tomographic reconstruction algorithm is developed for source points distributed along a straight line. It is shown that, in theory, a perfect reconstruction is possible from an infinitely long straight line. Using computer simulations it is verified that using a finite segment of a straight line, it is possible to reconstruct images with quality comparable to those obtained when the source points are distributed along a circle. It is shown that the two parameters that most affect the image quality are the length of source point line, and the distance from the object to the source point line. In addition, a postreconstruction technique is developed that substantially improves the quality of images reconstructed from the straight line.     

Use of window addressable memories for high speed geometrical analysis

Many real-time problems require assessment of the location of a moving platform with respect to a fixed or time varying set of objects. Examples of such problems are robots performing precision movement in a dense object space or low flying aircraft over enemy territory. The method described in this paper permits quick assessment of relative locations to two- or three-dimensional rectangular shaped objects with respect to an arbitrary number of points and subsequently to a real or fictive line of sight. The relative location assessment can be performed at a rate of up to 5 ns/data point/object and the line intersect evaluation at 5–500 ns/line/object dependent upon the geometry.Both the relative assessment algorithm and the intersect algorithm have been implemented in a small hardware unit called the TIGER, Three-dimensional Intersect & Geometrical Evaluation in Real-time, that can be incorporated in unmanned as well as manned systems in space, under water, and avionics. All quoted performance data is based upon analysis in three dimensional Cartesian space unless otherwise stated.     

Study and Design of Spiral Bent Waveguide Configuration

A new version of the scalar transverse electric（TE） wave equation in the bent waveguide is introduced. Then. TE polarized field in curved single-mode waveguides is analyzed by using the finite- difference beam propagation method（FD-BPM）. The bending loss in bent waveguides is gotten for the optical fields obtained from BPM and comparisons are made among losses of the waveguides with various curvature radiuses, refractive index differences and cross sections. Based on the results, the design of spiral bent waveguide configuration is proposed as follows： refractive index difference being of 0. 007, both width and thickness of waveguides being of 6 μm, the curvature radius in the spiral centre being of 4 mm, and the bending loss coefficient of the designed spiral bent waveguide being of 0. 302 3 dB/cm.     

Uniplanar compact wideband bandstop filter

A uniplanar wideband bandstop filter is proposed using two bent open-end stubs. The proposed filter consists of the bent connecting line of /spl lambda//sub g//2 between two bent /spl lambda//sub g//4 stubs, which results in wideband design with a rejection bandwidth of 90% at 2.05 GHz. Further, the connecting line and stubs have the same characteristic impedance. The proposed filter compared to the conventional one is also more compact. The area of the novel filter is (/spl lambda//sub g//4)/sup 2/ at the center frequency of the stopband, while the area of the filter realized using the nonbent stubs and connecting line is 2(/spl lambda//sub g//4)/sup 2/ for the same stopband characteristics.