杯形CBN砂轮端面磨削的自锐过程分析及磨削效果改善

以曲线沟槽的磨削加工为目的 ,本文对金属结合剂杯形小直径 CBN砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面时的砂轮自锐 (Self- dressing)过程进行了研究。金属结合剂杯形小直径 CBN砂轮的自锐行为表现为磨粒磨损后的破碎产生新切削刃 ,磨钝磨粒的脱落和砂轮结合剂被磨屑去除产生新磨粒 ,保持了砂轮工作面上磨粒密度的相对稳定 ,维持了砂轮的锋锐性。通过提高砂轮硬度以期减缓磨粒脱落 ,增加单个磨粒的服务期限 ,试验结果表明已加工表面粗糙度 Rz小于 3.5 μm,砂轮磨损减小了 40 % ,磨削过程稳定 ,取得了良好的磨削效果     

电镀小直径CBN环形砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面

在对小直径环形砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面过程中的磨粒切屑厚度进行解析的基础上,设计了电镀小直径ＣＢＮ环形砂轮端部结构尺寸,作为提高砂轮寿命的措施,实验分析磨削冷却液供给方式和倾斜砂轮轴磨削法的效果。     

金属结合层包覆单列磨粒小直径CBN砂轮端面磨削过程研究

金属结合层包覆单列磨粒小直径CBN砂轮在端面磨削过程中突出高度不同的CBN磨粒相继发生后面磨损、切削刃破碎和脱落,产生了砂轮自锐效应。砂轮磨削力呈现低频起伏和高频波动变化的特征,这是由于磨削过程中CBN磨粒后面磨损钝化使磨削力增大以及随后磨钝磨粒破碎变得锐利使磨削力减小的综合作用结果。砂轮磨削过程受到CBN磨粒性能及其切削刃状态的支配,多晶强韧CBN磨粒(BORAZON550,GE产品)耐磨性改善、磨粒微细破碎保持了砂轮的锐利性,延长了单个磨粒服务时间,突出高度不同的磨粒加入磨削过程的批次效应显著,磨削力低频起伏明显,单晶CBN磨粒(BORAZON500,GE产品)破碎范围大有效降低了磨粒切削刃突出高度、新磨粒加入磨削的过程具有连续性,磨削力高频波动明显。     

金属结合剂杯形小直径CBN砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面时砂轮的自锐效应

金属结合剂杯形小直径CBN砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面时 ,砂轮磨削力不随砂轮累积磨削行程的增加而增大 ,已加工表面粗糙度Rz 稳定在 4μm以下 ,处于持续稳定的正常磨削状态。这缘于磨削过程中CBN砂轮的自锐(Self-dressing)效应 ,即在砂轮磨削的同时砂轮结合剂被连续地去除 (CBN磨粒裸露体积增大 ) ,磨钝磨粒发生龟裂、破碎和脱落 ,不断产生新的磨粒切削刃 ,CBN磨粒切削刃密度保持动态稳定 ,砂轮维持在锋利状态。CBN砂轮自锐效应产生的机理是磨屑与冷却液形成的混合流体对砂轮结合剂产生冲击、冲刷和刻划作用产生了去除砂轮结合剂和梳理磨粒的效果     

冷却液及粒度对电镀CBN砂轮端面磨削的影响

实验研究了电镀小直径ＣＢＮ砂轮端面磨削沟槽底面时磨粒粒度、冷却液供给方式对磨削效果的影响。砂轮磨粒尺寸较小时,在砂轮作业面上容易发生切屑粘结和电镀镀粒层剥离等异常损伤;选取较大尺寸的磨粒可以实现砂轮的正常磨削,采用轴心普通冷却液供给和外部高压冷却液供给并用的冷却液供给方法有较长的砂轮寿命,得到的已加工表面粗糙度在Ｒｚ４μｍ以下。     

感应钎焊温度对立方氮化硼砂轮磨削性能的影响

利用超高频感应钎焊在不同钎焊温度条件下制备立方氮化硼(CBN)砂轮,采用扫描电子电镜（SEM）和能量分散谱仪（EDS）对磨粒表面新生化合物进行观察与分析,并通过与电镀CBN砂轮进行比较,对感应钎焊CBN砂轮的磨削性能进行评价。结果表明：CBN磨粒界面新生化合物主要组成元素有N、B、Ti三种,活性元素Ti发生扩散并与N和B发生化合反应;当感应钎焊温度为940℃时,磨粒表面生成物致密覆盖在表面,且所制备的CBN钎焊砂轮的磨削力和磨削比能较小。在相同磨削用量下,对电镀CBN砂轮和感应钎焊CBN砂轮的磨损形式进行对比分析发现,电镀CBN砂轮的磨损形式为黏附磨损,钎焊CBN砂轮的磨损形式为破碎磨损。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V高速磨削试验研究

为实现难加工材料钛合金的高效磨削,进一步发挥高速磨削的潜力,开展了钛合金Ti6Al4V高速磨削工艺试验研究,对磨削过程的磨削力、磨削比能以及磨削温度随单颗磨粒最大切屑厚度agmax的变化特征进行了分析。研究结果表明：不同砂轮线速度vs条件下,磨削力、磨削比能及磨削温度三者随单颗磨粒最大切屑厚度agmax变化的特征曲线略有不同,具体表现为,单颗磨粒最大切屑厚度agmax一定条件下,磨削力及磨削比能随着磨削速度的提高呈减小趋势,磨削温度则呈上升趋势,同时钎焊CBN砂轮的磨削力、磨削比能低于陶瓷结合剂及电镀CBN砂轮的磨削力、磨削比能,因此,利用钎焊CBN砂轮磨料有序排布的优势,选择合理的单颗磨粒最大切屑厚度,可在提高砂轮线速度的同时提高进给速度,从而提高磨削效率,实现钛合金的高速高效磨削。     

小直径CBN砂轮的磨削特性研究

理论分析了小直径ＣＢＮ砂轮平面磨削的特征,弄清了小直径ＣＢＮ砂轮平面磨削时发生ＣＢＮ磨粒早期脱落,是由于磨削过程中单个磨粒最大吃刀量增大,磨粒磨削弧长减小,使磨粒磨削力过大所致。采用减小单个磨粒最大吃刀量和增大磨粒磨削弧长的磨削参数,即小磨削进给速度、大磨削吃刀量（蠕动磨削）和砂轮高密度化可以抑制ＣＢＮ磨粒的脱落,发挥小直径ＣＢＮ砂轮的磨削特性。     

磨料粒度对电镀CBN砂轮磨损影响的有限元仿真分析

以单颗CBN磨粒的磨损为例,对电镀CBN砂轮的磨损进行研究。针对磨削淬硬轴承钢GCr15,将单颗CBN磨粒适当简化成圆锥体,建立楔形滑擦模型,利用Deform 3D软件对单颗CBN磨粒的磨耗磨损进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:不同粒度磨粒的磨损形式相似,均为前端面磨成弧形月牙洼形,尖端逐渐磨成平台;相同条件下磨粒的最大磨损量随着磨料粒度号的增大而减小。同时也说明了细粒度的电镀CBN砂轮的磨损较小。研究结果对进一步研究电镀CBN砂轮制造工艺有指导意义。     

电镀CBN砂轮精密修整对磨削性能的影响

采用传统接触方式测量电镀CBN砂轮径向跳动时,测量仪触头易嵌入砂轮粗糙表面,致使检测数据严重失真,不能真实反映砂轮径向跳动值大小。利用非接触式激光位移传感器,在线采集电镀砂轮外圆表面信息,并经数据处理,得出砂轮的跳动值。磨削试验结果表明:对于电镀CBN砂轮,为了保证良好的表面,砂轮初始径向跳动值不能超过磨粒直径的30%,否则修整后砂轮表面磨粒过于钝化,无法进行正常磨削。     

Development and performance of monolayer brazed CBN grinding tools

CBN grinding tools have been broadly utilized in machining difficult-to-cut materials in recent years. Grains of the conventional grinding tools, however, are held in the tool matrix just through the mechanical incrustation effect induced by the electroplated or sintered metal, which results in the stochastic grain distribution and limited grain protrusion, in addition to the easy grain pullout and premature tool failure by the strong impact forces generated during machining. These properties and shortcomings of the electroplated or sintered tools have restricted the potential of CBN superabrasive grains. Therefore, a new technology has been developed and introduced in this paper to fabricate successfully monolayer CBN grinding tools, in which the highly protruding grains could be planted in the required uniform pattern through the brazing effect among CBN grains, filler alloy and tool substrate at elevated temperature. Finally, comparative grinding tests performed with the conventional electroplated and newly-developed brazed CBN tools have indicated that highly increased efficiency and prolonged tool lives, as well as low fabrication and use cost could be achieved by applying the brazed CBN grinding tools.     

金刚石磨盘磨削的磨粒损伤特性研究

研究了钎焊金刚石磨盘和电镀金刚石磨盘磨削花岗岩的磨粒损伤形式及其与法向磨削力之间的相互关系。实验结果表明，钎焊金刚石磨盘的磨粒损伤形式为磨粒尖端因磨耗变成平台、切削刃破损；电镀金刚石磨盘的磨粒损伤不但具有上述两种形式，同时还有磨粒脱落，因而其使用寿命大为缩短；金刚石磨粒形态对磨削力有较大影响，磨削力的变化加速了磨粒形态的转化。阐述了三种磨粒损伤产生的机理和磨削力变化的成因。     

Study on precision grinding of screw rotors using CBN wheel

With increasing demands for high-speed and high-precision machining technology, CBN shape grinding is an effective means in the field of precision machining for screw rotors. Aiming at the high precision machining of screw rotors, a mathematical model for the axial profiles of the CBN wheel for machining screw rotors is developed based on theory of gear engagement. Small electroplated CBN wheel is firstly used to grinding screw rotors. Taking the backlash of screw rotors and the coating thickness of CBN layer into consideration, the modification of the base body of the wheel shape is introduced into the design of CBN wheel. For reducing the tooth profile errors of screw rotors induced by mounting errors and wears of CBN wheel, a mathematical model of the error analyses is established and the influence curves of the profile errors affected by mounting errors and radius error of grinding wheel are proposed. The electroplated CBN wheels for the screw rotors are made to verify the validity and effectiveness of the presented method and the machining experiments were performed. Results of this study reveals that the method proposed in this paper can be used as the precision grinding of screw rotors.