Solar absorption cooling effect on operational parameters on power savingRefroidissement par absorption à énergie solaire; influence des paramétres de fonctionnement sur l'économie d'électricité

The paper deals with engineering estimates of the electrical power consumption of equivalent cooling capacity vapour-compression and vapour-absorption (solar) cooling systems. The effects of operational parameters on absorption chiller performance have been studied to define the breakeven point at which the two systems will consume equivalent amounts of electrical energy per unit of cooling output.     

Solar absorption cooling effect on operational parameters on power saving

The paper deals with engineering estimates of the electrical power consumption of equivalent cooling capacity vapour-compression and vapour-absorption (solar) cooling systems. The effects of operational parameters on absorption chiller performance have been studied to define the breakeven point at which the two systems will consume equivalent amounts of electrical energy per unit of cooling output.     

臭氧处理冷水机组循环冷却水的节能试验研究

从目前循环冷却水系统中普遍存在的结垢问题入手,引出臭氧水处理法,它是一种环保、安全、高效的水处理方法。臭氧在处理循环冷却水时能起到杀菌、缓蚀、阻垢及脱垢的作用。简要阐述臭氧处理循环冷却水的阻垢及脱垢原理,分析污垢对冷水机组性能的影响。臭氧处理冷水机组循环冷却水的试验表明,臭氧水处理方法能够显著提高冷水机组的COP。     

Thermal energy reservoir capacities for solar absorption cooling systemsCapacité des accumulateurs d'énergie thermique pour les systèmes frigorifiques à absorption solaires

It is essential to incorporate both hot and cold energy storage for a solar absorption cooling system in order to maximize the saving of conventional electrical power. The paper correlates the thermal energy storage requirements with the daily cooling demand pattern of a building. The other parameters which affect the choice of the two storage volumes are the effective sunshine hours, the chiller cooling capacity, its daily operation period and the two storage temperature differentials. The results have been obtained in a generalized manner and applied to an actual building in Kuwait.     

Thermal energy reservoir capacities for solar absorption cooling systems

It is essential to incorporate both hot and cold energy storage for a solar absorption cooling system in order to maximize the saving of conventional electrical power. The paper correlates the thermal energy storage requirements with the daily cooling demand pattern of a building. The other parameters which affect the choice of the two storage volumes are the effective sunshine hours, the chiller cooling capacity, its daily operation period and the two storage temperature differentials. The results have been obtained in a generalized manner and applied to an actual building in Kuwait.     

New absorption chiller and control strategy for the solar assisted cooling system at the German federal environment agency

Typically the cooling capacity of absorption chillers is controlled by adjusting the driving hot water temperature according to the load. Meanwhile the cooling water temperature is controlled to a constant set value. In order to increase the solar cooling fraction and/or to decrease the operating costs of solar assisted cooling systems (SAC-systems) a new control strategy has been developed which controls hot and cooling water temperature simultaneously. Hereby the specific cost of cold – generated from solar or conventional heat – can be reduced. The basic concept of the strategy is explained and results are shown for the SAC-system at the Federal Environment Agency in Dessau, Germany. Here a recently developed absorption chiller is now used instead of a former adsorption chiller. With the new absorption chiller and the control strategy the seasonal energy efficiency ratio SEER is above 0.75, electric efficiency is 35% higher and water consumption is reduced by 70%.     

中央空调循环冷却水系统节能技术

循环冷却水系统,主要的设备有冷水机组、冷却水泵、冷却塔,冷却介质是水。循环冷却水系统冷却水水质对该系统的影响很大;同时设备的选择和节能有很大的关系。分别从冷却水水质、冷水机组、冷却水泵、冷却塔等几个方面进行节能研究探讨。     

带冷却塔预冷制冷机房与常规制冷机房的比较分析

为了降低高温工况下的水源制冷机房能耗,本文提出了对高温水源冷却水先采用冷却塔进行预冷的运行方式。为了探讨这种控制方式的可行性和节能潜力,本文主要对常规制冷机房和带冷却塔预冷制冷机房进行了比较分析。结果表明,当水源温度高过一定值时,采用冷却塔预冷,可提高实现利用效率,从而实现制冷机房的节能;且节能量将随水源温度升高而增加,对于变频冷却塔而言,将存在一最佳风量使得节能量最大。     

Solar heating and cooling system with absorption chiller and low temperature latent heat storage: Energetic performance and operational experience

Absorption cooling systems based on water/lithium bromide (LiBr) solution typically require an open wet cooling tower to transfer the reject heat to the ambient. Yet, water consumption, the need for water make-up and cleaning, formation of fog, and the risk of Legionella bacteria growth are hindering factors for the implementation of small solar cooling systems. The application of a latent heat storage supporting the heat rejection of the absorption chiller in conjunction with a dry cooling system allows eliminating the wet cooling tower. By that means heat rejection of the chiller is shifted to periods with lower ambient temperatures, i.e. night time or off-peak hours.The system concept and the hydraulic scheme together with an analysis of the energetic performance of the system are presented, followed by a report on the operation of a first pilot installation.     

中小型空调系统冷却水流量控制的新方法

针对只有一台冷水机组且机组采用单台压缩机的中小型空调提出了一种基于空调系统总能耗的冷却水流量控制的新方法;并对一实际空调系统使用该方法后的节能效果进行分析,结果表明采用这种控制方法后,空调系统冷却水泵和冷水机组总电功率相对于定流量系统下降了2．92％到9．40％不等,且负荷越小节能效果越明显。     

蒸发冷却＋空气源热泵复合冷（热）水机组夏季能耗分析

蒸发冷却＋空气源热泵复合冷（热）水机组由蒸发冷却段和机械制冷段组成,蒸发冷却段是蒸发冷却式冷水机组,机械制冷段是直接蒸发冷却器（DEC）与空气源热泵冷（热）水机组的联用。本文首先对DEC＋空气源热泵冷（热）水机组的夏季能耗进行分析,并与传统的单独运行空气源热泵冷（热）水机组的情况进行对比;另外从压一焓图和温一熵图角度分析空气源热泵冷（热）水机组联用DEC后能效比提高的机制;然后以西安地区为例对蒸发冷却＋空气源热泵复合冷（热）水机组进行夏季能耗分析,推导出单独利用蒸发冷却技术就能制取18℃左右高温冷水的气候条件。为蒸发冷却制取冷水技术在中等湿度地区甚至高湿度地区的应用提供理论依据。     

Assessment criteria for solar cooling systems

Solar cooling systems should be able simultaneously to generate refrigeration and save conventional energy. An assessment of the potential of various cooling systems as refrigerators and energy savers is presented in the paper. For this purpose, a solar cooling system has been considered as a combination of an energy conversion and a refrigeration subsystem. Overall efficiencies of the various solar cooling systems are defined for direct quantitative comparison of different systems.     

Assessment criteria for solar cooling systemsCritères pour l'évaluation des systèmes frigorifiques solaires

Solar cooling systems should be able simultaneously to generate refrigeration and save conventional energy. An assessment of the potential of various cooling systems as refrigerators and energy savers is presented in the paper. For this purpose, a solar cooling system has been considered as a combination of an energy conversion and a refrigeration subsystem. Overall efficiencies of the various solar cooling systems are defined for direct quantitative comparison of different systems.     

蒸发冷却冷水机组经济配置方案分析

通过对榆林某工程将采用蒸发冷却冷水机组与机械制冷冷水机组结合供冷的系统为基础,分别对蒸发冷却冷水机组与机械制冷冷水机组三种不同结合形式的水系统进行分析研究;通过理论分析不同结合形式在焓湿图上空气处理过程的不同、运行时间各不相同等出发,对三种不同形式的水系统进行初步概预算,得出该工程蒸发冷却技术与机械制冷技术在空调系统中的经济配置方案.     

中央空调冬季冷却塔供冷节能实践

对于全年供冷的中央空调系统,冬季采用冷却塔代替冷水机组为空调供冷水,是非常理想的节能措施之一。本文根据不同工程实践,分析了不同冷却水系统的可行方案及注意事项,可供设计及管理人员参考。     

Model development and validation of a solar cooling plant

This paper describes the dynamic model of a solar cooling plant that has been built for demonstration purposes using market-available technology and has been successfully operational since 2001. The plant uses hot water coming from a field of solar flat collectors which feed a single-effect absorption chiller of 35 kW nominal cooling capacity. The work includes model development based on first principles and model validation with a set of experiments carried out on the real plant. The simulation model has been done in a modular way, and can be adapted to other solar cooling-plants since the main modules (solar field, absorption machine, accumulators and auxiliary heater) can be easily replaced. This simulator is a powerful tool for solar cooling systems both during the design phase, when it can be used for component selection, and also for the development and testing of control strategies.     

Performance comparison of solar autonomous and assisted absorption systems in Spain

Solar-powered air conditioning systems can reduce electricity consumption and peak demand. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a TRNSYS model of the solar air conditioning installation at the Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. The model was then used to study the operation of the facility as an autonomous system and as a solar-assisted system (with backup) under different climatic conditions in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao and Seville). The autonomous system was able to maintain the comfort temperature between 60.8% (Sevilla) and 78.3% (Madrid) of the hours for the studied period. Working with a backup compression chiller, the cooling provided by the absorption chiller ranged from 52.8% of the total cooling demand in Bilbao to 75.3% in Madrid. The high initial cost and the high associated electricity consumption explain why the binomial solar thermal collector–absorption machine has failed to break into the market so far.     

风冷冷水机组全年供冷方案的比较

根据大连市某日资厂工业生产要求全年供冷的情况，分析了实际的工程特点；结合国外的资料，提出风冷冷水机组全年供冷的三种系统形式并作了比较，为类似的供冷方式作参考。     

AHRI风冷冷水机组的测试要求

为了方便广大冷水机组厂商全面地了解AHRI风冷式冷水机组的测试要求,本文就冷水机组冷凝器进风温度测量方案,冷冻水测量系统配置及制冷量计算方法,不同大气压下测试的制冷量和能效比的修正方法等方面分别作了介绍。     

蒸发冷却空调设备的研究进展与应用概况

经过20多年蒸发冷却空调技术的研究发展,国内蒸发冷却空调设备得到不断研发和推广应用,发展到目前设备形式主要分为蒸发式冷气机、蒸发冷却空气处理机组及蒸发冷却冷水机组。本文主要阐述了这3种形式机组的发展与应用,并介绍了相关制定并已实施的标准。