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1.
To determine how mature females of the tomato fruit fly, Neoceratitis cyanescens (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), detect host fruit after arriving in their host plant habitat, behavioral responses to colored models were observed in a laboratory flight chamber. Host‐seeking females oriented themselves preferentially towards bright orange spheres (3.7 cm in diameter), irrespective of their natal host fruit: tomato, bug weed, or black nightshade. Females oriented themselves preferentially towards the orange sphere when placed against a fluorescent yellow background as opposed to a black background, but the distribution of responses to the set of colored spheres did not vary significantly with background color. In a choice situation between bright orange spheres of various sizes (1.9, 3.7, and 7.5 cm in diameter), females landed preferentially on the bigger sphere. However, they preferred a yellow color when the latter was associated with two‐dimensional models, probably mimicking leaves. The attractiveness of orange spheres depended more on the proportion of reflected light in the spectral region around 610 nm than brightness of color in itself. Low light intensity significantly influenced the activity of the flies but not their visual preference. The strong response of females to bright orange spheres confirmed the importance of visual characteristics in short‐range mechanisms of host‐plant location in specialist insects. Responses to fruit visual stimuli are discussed relative to other Tephritidae, host‐finding strategy, and pest management. 相似文献
2.
Male Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) used their aristae to repeatedly tap the female, usually on her aristae, during the second stage of head rocking courtship. The male's antennae moved in an apparently exploratory manner earlier in head rocking. Reduced rates of copulation followed removal of male and female aristae, supporting the idea that tapping with the aristae is an important part of medfly courtship. 相似文献
3.
Charles Linn Jr Satoshi Nojima & Wendell Roelofs 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2005,114(2):97-105
In previous flight‐tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non‐natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non‐host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1‐octen‐3‐ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non‐natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close‐range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple‐origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol and 1‐octen‐3‐ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/discrimination by Rhagoletis flies. 相似文献
4.
Alenka Zunic Kosi Satya P. Chinta David Headrick Andrej Cokl Jocelyn G. Millar 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2013,149(1):44-56
A variety of signals mediate reproductive behaviors of Tephritidae, and studies of such behaviors have focused predominantly on economically important tephritid pest species. Trupanea vicina (Wulp) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae), an Asteraceae‐feeding fruit fly, was not considered a pest until recently, when large populations developed on marigolds in California (USA) nurseries. Understanding courtship behavior and the signals that mediate mating behavior in T. vicina could produce leads for new methods of controlling this emerging pest species. Most of the sexual behaviors observed in T. vicina were expressed by males and reflected the general characteristics of known reproductive behaviors in the genus Trupanea. Analyses of headspace volatiles indicated the presence of almost exclusively one male‐specific compound, 1‐nonanol. Age‐related changes were observed in the amount but not in the composition of the male‐produced volatiles. Aerations of males showed no diel periodicity in 1‐nonanol production, but an increase after mating. Solid‐phase microextraction wipe samples from various body parts of male T. vicina showed that 1‐nonanol was concentrated on the abdomens of males exhibiting pleural distension. Laboratory bioassays failed to detect any strong attraction of either sex to synthetic 1‐nonanol. Although the functional role of 1‐nonanol in T. vicina's biology is not yet clear, we suggest that it must have some role in the life history of this species, given the relatively large amounts in which it is produced, and the specialized structures used in its production and release. Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons extracted from males and females showed pronounced sexual dimorphism in the cuticular lipid profiles, suggesting that these compounds may have a role as short‐range and contact pheromones. 相似文献
5.
We assessed the role of visual and olfactory cues on oviposition preference in the oligophagous tomato fruit fly, Neoceratitis cyanescens (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). In a field survey, we evaluated the stage of susceptibility of field‐grown tomatoes by monitoring N. cyanescens infestations from fruit‐setting up to harvest, in relation to post‐flowering time, size, and visual properties of fruit. In two‐choice laboratory experiments, we tested the degree to which females use visual and olfactory cues to select their host plant for oviposition. In addition, we investigated the ability of flies to avoid fruit already infested by conspecific eggs or larvae, and the influence of natal host fruit on oviposition preference. Neoceratitis cyanescens females preferentially lay their eggs in small yellow‐green unripe fruit (2–3.5 cm diameter, 10–21 days post‐flowering). Damage to fruit was significantly affected by brightness and size properties. In laboratory experiments, females chose to lay their eggs in bright orange rather than yellow domes. On the sole basis of olfactory stimuli, females showed a significant preference for unripe vs. ripe host fruit, for unripe fruit vs. flowers or leaves, and for host vs. non‐host fruit (or control). However, colour interacted with odour as females dispatched their eggs equally between the yellow dome and the bright orange dome when unripe fruit of tomato was placed under the yellow dome vs. ripe fruit under the bright orange dome. When offered real ripe and unripe tomatoes, females preferred unripe tomatoes. Females significantly chose to lay eggs in non‐infested fruit when they were given the choice between these or fruit infested with larvae. In contrast, recent stings containing eggs did not deter females from laying eggs. Rather, they could have an attractive effect when deposited within <1 h. Regardless of their natal host plant, tomato or bugweed, N. cyanescens females laid significantly more eggs in a dome containing bugweed fruit. However, 15% of females originating from tomato laid eggs exclusively in the dome with tomato, against 3% of females originating from bugweed. 相似文献
6.
Richard A. I. Drew Ronald J. Prokopy & Meredith C. Romig 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2003,107(1):39-45
In tests on feral populations of polyphagous Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) adults on host guava trees, both sexes were significantly more attracted to Tangletrap‐coated 50 mm diameter spheres colored blue or white than to similar spheres colored red, orange, yellow, green, or black or to Tangletrap‐coated 50 mm diameter yellow‐green guava fruit. In contrast, in tests on feral populations of oligophagous Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) on host wild tobacco plants, both sexes were significantly more attracted to Tangletrap‐coated 15 mm diameter spheres colored orange or yellow than to other colors of spheres or to Tangletrap‐coated 15 mm diameter green wild tobacco fruit. Both sexes of both tephritid species were significantly more attracted to blue (in the case of B. tryoni) or orange (in the case of B. cacuminata) 50 mm spheres displayed singly than to blue or orange 15 mm spheres displayed in clusters, even though fruit of wild tobacco plants are borne in clusters. Finally, B. tryoni adults were significantly less attracted to non‐ultraviolet reflecting bluish fruit‐mimicking spheres than to bluish fruit‐mimicking spheres having a slightly enhanced level of ultraviolet reflectance, similar to the reflectance of possible native host fruit of B. tryoni, whose bluish skin color is overlayed with ultraviolet‐reflecting waxy bloom. Responses to fruit visual stimuli found here are discussed relative to responses found in other tephritid species. 相似文献
7.
V. L. Nguyen A. Meats G. A. C. Beattie R. Spooner-Hart Z. M. Liu & L. Jiang 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2007,122(3):215-221
Behavioural responses of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), females to fruit dipped in water and fruit dipped in 0.5% (vol/vol) aqueous emulsions of a mineral oil were determined and analysed. The mineral oil was an nC20–22 distillation fraction of the base oil used to produce an nC23 horticultural mineral oil. Females caged with oil‐treated fruit had significantly longer prelanding intervals than females caged with water‐dipped fruit. The latter was attacked immediately or shortly after being caged with flies whereas some oil‐dipped fruit was not attacked within 180 min. The percentage of landings that led to oviposition on water‐ and oil‐treated fruit were 58 and 13%, respectively, and the percentages ovipositing after probing were 74 and 25%, respectively. Likewise, average times spent probing were 7 vs. 31 s whereas average times spent ovipositing were 321 vs. 223 s. Females spent less than half as much time on oil‐treated fruit than on water‐treated fruit. Transition probabilities of rejection, when applied to the behaviour sequence indicated that oil‐treated fruits are about nine times less likely to be infested with B. tryoni. 相似文献
8.
中国寡鬃实蝇属记述：双翅目：实蝇科 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabrcius目前已知6亚属31种。本文记述其中的5个新种:锈红寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)rubiginus sp.nov.,海南寡鬃实蝇D.(Didacus)hainanus sp.nov.滇寡鬃实蝇D.(Asiadacus)dianensis sp.nov.,盾条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)adustus sp.nov.,狭腹寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)stenomus sp.nov.;记载5个中国新纪录:实胫寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)correctus(Bezzi),短条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)abbreviatus Hardy,印度寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus) scutellaris(Bezzi),番石榴寡鬃实蝇D.(Hemigymnodacus)diversus Coq.,黑背寡鬃实蝇D.(Paratridacus)expandens melanius Hardy & Adachi;并列出种检索表。 相似文献
9.
Charles E. Linn Jr Hattie Dambroski Satoshi Nojima Jeffrey L. Feder Stewart H. Berlocher & Wendell L. Roelofs 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2005,116(1):55-64
Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae) originating from domesticated apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) (Rosaceae), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) (Cornaceae) were tested sequentially in flight‐tunnel assays to volatile blends previously identified from the three fruit types. The majority of flies flew to odor sources containing their natal blend (68–83%). Some flies from each fruit type also flew to non‐natal fruit blends (11–39%), but of these non‐natal responders the vast majority were flies that responded to their natal blend as well. The results indicate that individual flies within R. pomonella populations infesting different host types have different degrees of specificity with respect to discriminating among fruit volatile blends, and that a moderate proportion of apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies (10–30%) are broad responders, with the capacity to recognize and orient to more than one blend. The observed variability in response specificity could facilitate sympatric shifts to new host plants. 相似文献
10.
Wigunda Rattanapun Weerawan Amornsak & Anthony R. Clarke 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2009,131(3):243-253
Most tropical fruit flies only lay into mature fruit, but a small number can also oviposit into unripe fruit. Little is known about the link between adult oviposition preference and offspring performance in such situations. In this study, we examine the influence of different ripening stages of two mango, Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), varieties on the preference and performance of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a fly known to be able to develop in unripe fruit . A series of laboratory-based choice and no-choice oviposition experiments and larval growth trials were carried out. The results demonstrated a general preference by B. dorsalis for mango variety Oakrong over variety Namdorkmai, but in most cases the single largest dependent variable influencing results was fruit ripening stage. Ripe and fully-ripe mangoes were most preferred for oviposition by B. dorsalis . In contrast, unripe mango was infrequently used by ovipositing females, particularly in choice trials. Consistent with the results of oviposition preference, ripe and fully-ripe mangoes were also best for offspring survival, with a higher percentage of larval survival to pupation and shorter development times in comparison to unripe mango. Changes in total soluble solids and pericarp toughness correlated with changing host use across the ripening stages. Regardless of the mango variety or ripeness stage, B. dorsalis had difficulty penetrating the pericarp of all fruits offered in experiments. Larval survival was also often poor in all experiments. We discuss the possibility that there may be differences in the ability of laboratory and wild flies to penetrate fruit for oviposition, or that in the field flies more regularly utilize natural fruit wounds as oviposition sites. 相似文献
11.
This study was designed to indentify novel bioactive molecules in the venom of the parasitoid Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Parasitism by E. urozonus induces apparent paralysis in the larvae of the host Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and it arrests the development of host pupae. Parasitoid eggs were transferred from stung to unparasitized host pupae to determine whether adult female stings or bites from the first instars were responsible for the above effects. The two treatments gave the same results, indicating that both parasitoid adults and larvae produced venoms capable to compromise host development. A protocol was developed to artificially microinject E. urozonus venom into healthy host pupae and adults at known concentrations to study the effects. The microinjection of venom was found to produce the same macroscopic result as natural parasitization, indicating that host developmental arrest was caused by molecules produced by the parasitoid venom glands. One‐tenth, one‐twentieth, and one‐hundredth of the contents of a female venom reservoir was sufficient to compromise the development of 100, 90, and 50% of the microinjected host pupae, respectively. The microinjection of 0.1 female venom equivalents into host adults always caused death within 24 h. Extraction and freezing did not affect the activity of the E. urozonus venom, which facilitates its storage, whereas denaturation treatments demonstrated that the bioactive molecules were proteins. The venom was also found to prevent the hosts from decaying for over 2 weeks and it promoted the accumulation of unknown subspherical granules in the host haemocoel. These results suggest the potential identification of novel molecules with interesting biological activity with various possible applications. 相似文献
12.
Gary Dodson Sarah B. George † 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1986,29(1):63-79
Aciurina bigeloviae (Cockerell) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a gall-forming tephritid fly associated with rubber rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britton (Compositae), throughout the western United States. Two distinct gall morphologies were found among A. bigeloviae populations, each associated with its own morphologically distinct group of subspecies of C. nauseosus . Adults emerging from these galls can be distinguished on the basis of wing morphology and pronotal colour. Electrophoretic analysis of these two morphs suggested limited, unidirectional gene flow between them. Results of several other investigations were consistent with a restricted gene flow hypothesis. Heterotypic matings occurred in the laboratory, but at a depressed level. Host plant preferences, ovipositional success on the different host plant groups, and two life history parameters differed between the two fly types. Based on these multiple lines of evidence, we concluded that these two morphs of Aciurina represent two species: A. bigeloviae and A. trixa Curran. Reasons why these flies might be more appropriately viewed as host races are discussed as are scenarios which might account for their divergence. 相似文献
13.
B. I. Katsoyannos N. A. Kouloussis N. T. Papadopoulos 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1997,82(2):181-188
Responses of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults to chemicals from citrus fruits were quantified in choice tests conducted in large field cages housing naturally planted orange trees, on the Greek island of Chios. Both sexes responded strongly to chemicals released from artificial cuts made in the pulp of peeled oranges and also to natural or commercial orange juice applied to the surface of yellow 7.0 cm diameter spheres. Males also responded strongly to chemicals released from cuts made in the oily region of the orange peel, or flavedo and less to sour orange and lemon. In contrast, females did not respond to flavedo chemicals. Male response to peel chemicals occurred throughout the day and increased as the number of cuts per fruit increased from 2 to 8. Contact of male mouthparts with sap from cuts, and mating attempts between males on or near the cuts were frequently observed. The males also responded to commercial essential orange oils applied to yellow spheres, but less to essential mandarin oils. The role of citrus chemicals in host finding behaviour of C. capitata and their potential use for the development of effective traps for monitoring and controlling the fly are discussed. The experimental method followed in this study can be used as a standard technique for evaluation of the quality of flies to be used in sterile insect technique programmes. 相似文献
14.
在室内条件下 ,初步研究了寄主挥发物、叶色和表皮毛在美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择中的作用。在嗅觉仪试验中 ,寄主叶片挥发物对美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫没有明显的引诱作用 ;在叶色反应试验中 ,美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫在叶子圆片上停留的时间明显大于在滤纸圆片上停留的时间 (p<0 .0 1) ,其在有叶片区域分布的数量明显多于空白对照 (p <0 .0 1) ;在表皮毛试验中 ,美洲斑潜蝇在无毛叶片上的产卵量明显大于在有毛叶片上的产卵量 (p <0 .0 1)。上述结果表明 ,在对寄主的定向和定位过程中 ,美洲斑潜蝇的视觉起着重要的作用 ,而嗅觉不起作用 ;叶片表皮毛有抑制产卵的作用 相似文献
15.
Responses of Neoceratitis cyanescens (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females to visual stimuli were studied in a laboratory flight chamber. A bright orange sphere was used to investigate the effects of age, mating status and time of day on their responses. In no-choice assays, four parameters were considered: mean time before leaving the release vial, percentage of flies that visited the sphere, mean number of flights and mean time before landing on the sphere. Naive mated females first became strongly responsive to the orange sphere 6 days post-adult emergence (> 40%). The percentage of females that visited the sphere increased significantly with egg load. There were no significant differences in behavioural responses between virgin and mated mature females. In a choice situation between a yellow and an orange sphere, starved females displayed a greater propensity than well-fed females to land on the yellow sphere. Mature females were more responsive to the orange sphere when tested in the afternoon than earlier in the day. In a no-choice situation, females visited the yellow sphere as often as the orange sphere. However, the mean delay before landing was significantly greater for the yellow sphere. The results emphasize the importance of physiological condition on responses of N. cyanescens females to host-simulating visual stimuli. 相似文献
16.
Regina L. Sugayama Elisabete S. Branco Aldo Malavasi Adalecio Kovaleski Ildelbrando Nora 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1997,83(3):239-245
The oviposition behavior and diel pattern of activities of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were observed in an apple orchard and fruit characteristics involved in oviposition preferences were investigated in field cage tests. Fruit size influenced fruit acceptability as an oviposition site by females which did not discriminate among the cultivars Gala, Fuji, and Golden Delicious when same-size fruits were presented simultaneously. Oviposition behavior in apples was basically the same as that described for primary hosts. Hourly census of fly activity indicated that adults did not overnight in the orchard and that they entered the orchard around 1100 h when temperature reached about 21 °C . Bird droppings were an important food item for adults. Behavioral differences between males and females might account for a significant biased sex ratio both in the orchard and at the edge of the native surrounding vegetation. Implications for fruit fly management in Brazilian apple orchards are discussed. 相似文献
17.
《Animal cells and systems.》2012,16(2):259-263
Oreurinus cuspidatus Ito, the type species of the monotypic genus Oreurinus Ito, is redescribed and illustrated in light of newly discovered male specimens from Korea. In Mt. Gachilbong, a number of males were found sitting on rocks along the mountain stream of deep woods, while only a single female was swept from nearby vegetation. Based on morphological data, especially using postabdominal structures, Oreurinus is placed in the Trypeta group of the subtribe Trypetina (Trypetinae: Trypetini). 相似文献
18.
Iara Sordi Joachim Bravo Fernando Sérgio Zucoloto 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1998,87(1):67-72
Experiments were carried out to test the performance and some aspects of feeding behavior in two populations of Ceratitis capitata (a population reared in the laboratory for 16 years, i.e., approximately 160 generations, and a wild one obtained from infested coffee, Coffea arabica grains). Two types of food were used in the experiment: an artificial yeast diet used for laboratory rearing and papaya (Carica papaya), a natural host of the fly. The performance parameters tested were percent emergence, time to emergence, adult female size, and egg production during the pre-oviposition phase (first five days of adult life). The behavioral aspects tested were food preference by newly hatched larvae, induction, estimated ingestion of the two diets, whether the larvae placed on one diet stayed there or moved to the other diet, and acceptance of food for oviposition. The results indicated that the performance of the wild population was superior when the flies fed on papaya, whereas the performance of the laboratory population was similar with the two diets; the wild population showed a strong preference for papaya in all choice experiments, whereas the laboratory population showed no diet preference; the females of the wild population only oviposited on pieces of papaya that had not been peeled, and did not oviposit in the artificial diet; the females of the laboratory population oviposited indiscriminately on unpeeled and peeled papaya and on the artificial diet. 相似文献
19.
【目的】探究寄主颜色、挥发物在西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)寄主选择中的作用。【方法】采用叶碟法和Y型嗅觉仪法,测定了西花蓟马对4种寄主(黄花美人蕉、黄花槐、凤尾兰和夹竹桃)的颜色和挥发物的选择性。【结果】颜色选择中,西花蓟马最偏好夹竹桃的叶,黄花槐和黄花美人蕉的花;对叶、花总的偏好性次序为黄花美人蕉(花)、黄花槐(花)>凤尾兰(花)>黄花美人蕉(叶)、夹竹桃(叶)>黄花槐(叶)、凤尾兰(叶)、夹竹桃(花)。挥发物选择中,与空气对照时,西花蓟马都显著偏好寄主的叶和花;叶相互对照中,最为偏好黄花美人蕉和黄花槐;花相互对照中,最为偏好黄花美人蕉;叶与花对照时,西花蓟马对花的偏好性显著强于叶,其对寄主叶、花挥发物总的偏好性为黄花美人蕉(花)>黄花槐(花)>凤尾兰(花)>夹竹桃(花)>黄花美人蕉(叶)≥黄花槐(叶)、夹竹桃(叶)>凤尾兰(叶),与其对颜色的偏好性并不完全一致。【结论】寄主颜色和挥发物对西花蓟马的寄主选择有着重要影响,西花蓟马不仅对不同寄主的颜色和挥发物有不同偏好性,对寄主不同器官的颜色和挥发物也具有不同的偏好性。 相似文献
20.
The presence of Rhagoletis fruit flies in Newfoundland, Canada, was investigated by rearing large numbers of the fruits of known and potential host plant species. Three Rhagoletis species, R. tabellaria (Fitch), R. basiola (Osten Sacken), and the cherry pest species R. fausta (Osten Sacken), were found to occur naturally in Newfoundland, representing a range extension of some 500 km for R. tabellaria and R. basiola. Rhagoletis fausta had previously been reported from sticky traps used to monitor R. mendax Curran, which is not known from the province. To investigate the route by which the two new species may have colonized Newfoundland, R. tabellaria adults were sequenced for a mitochondrial genome fragment (COI–tRNA‐Leu–COII–tRNA‐Lys). This sample was genetically identical or similar to samples from other widely distributed sites in North America, suggesting that the presence of R. tabellaria in Newfoundland is the result of postglacial dispersal rather than survival in a glacial refugium. The implications of these findings for Rhagoletis management in Canada are discussed. 相似文献
